MCQ Questions
MCQ Questions
MCQ Questions
In case of ulcerative lymphangitis in horse, the lymph nodes usualy affected are .1
a- Fore legs LN
b- Hind legs UN
c- Neck LN
d-Chest LN
.Lymph nodes when infected with C-pseudotuberculasis in sheep look like 2 -
.a- Onion like
.b- Pear like
.c-Nodular like
.d- None of all
Strauss reaction could be done in .3 -
a- Rabbit
b- Female guinea pig
c- Male guinea pig
d-Rat
Strauss reaction is characterised by .4-
a-nodules in Inguinal lymph nodes
b-orchitis & pus formation in the testis
c-lymphangitis of ingulnal lymph vessels
d-lympha- denitis of inguinal lymph nodes
C.pseudotuberculosis "C.ovis" causes The following in horse .5-
a- Caseus lymphadenitis
b- Ulcerative lymphangitis
c- Epizootic lymphangitis D-Glanders
Cases
Foal died with pneumonia 24 weeks, lung sprcimen turned to bagteriology lab, the isolated .1
colony was macroscopically, small-medium mucaid, round colonies; no hemolysis and note
....... characieristic salmon pink color, gm stain +ve plodmorphic rods, the isolate is
C. Equi (Rhococcus equi) →CAMP (+VE Nitrate (+ve), Catalase (+ve), sugar fermentation (-ve) >
Pus from a chronic infected Sne leg wa urned te bacteriology laboratory .2
Enumerate name of susprcted bacterial isolates .1
Covis - Actinobacillus (pseudononts Mallei- Histoplasma farciminosum-
Sporothrixschenkii(dimorpie fuogi)
Confirmatory laboratory dirterentlation between them .2
Disease in Horse Cause Morphology Strauss reaction Mallein test
ZN +ve ZN +ve
Acid and Alcohol fast Acid fast but NOT alcohol fast
Diagnosis of T.B
A. Field diagnosis →
Allergic tests (Tuburclin test) for -> MTB and M. bovis: it (depend on cellular immunity) (T.
cells) that develop 30-50 days post infection so these tests can be done 30-50 days post
infection. (delayed hypersensitivity)
Tuberculin test (accuracy, true positive up to 65%)
it is standard antimortem diagnostic test??? Once it give tve →slaughter of the animal types →1.
old tuberculin
2, PPD****** purified protein derivatives" better than old test & more accurate
PPD →MTB, M.bovis, M.avium →inoculate in glycerol broth →incubate(37C,7week)
→centrifugation →supernatant + trichloroacetic acid "precipitate protein " →purification →0.1 mi.
ID.(skin tail fold)
result : after 72 hrs.
1. Same skin thickness →-ve.
2. skin thickness →4mm →+ve "granuloma formation→+ve →slaughter.
B. Laboratory diagnosis →
1. Samples →
a. Sputum (pulmonary infection), urine, peritoneal or pleural aspirate-> MTB, human.
b. Lymph node (after slaughter), pus, milk, trachea-bronchlal aspirate, feces, semen →M. Bovis,
cattle.
c. Feces - rectal swab -) M.avium - paratuberculosis
2. Samples processing (precautlons of samples handling) →
a. Aim of sample processing →(1. Liquefaction of samples (Sputum or L.N),
2. Concentration of M.O
3. decontamination of samples)
b. Steps →
Specimen processing:-
Importance of NaOH 4% → 1. Decontamination to other m.o. 2. dissolve mucous
3. Direct microscopic examination →staining processed sample by ZN stain.
Shape : bacilli arrangement: single or pair noncapsulated, nonsporulated, non motile, stain: 1.acid
fast "by Zhiel Neelsen" →red bacilli and blue background
2. gram positive
4. Culture characters →
a. Environmental factors →long incubation period (21-45 days, 3-8 weeks) (slow growing M.0),
growth medium is poured in screw capped bottles (to avoid evaporation of media due to long IP).**
b. Media →(need enriched media because it is fastidious M.O)
Dorset egg medium. (DEM): enriched media only
Lowenstein Jensen medium( LJM)*: selective & enriched: contain: 1. egg medium
2. malachit green (selective)
3. cycloheximide (inhibit fungus)
4. lincomycin (antibiotic) →inhibit other Gr+ & Gr - bacteria)
5. glycerol (enhance growth of MTB & inhibit M.bovis)**"or
6. sod. Pyruvate (enhance growth of M.bovis)*
incubate up to7-8 weeks →yellow rough and tough colonies
Stone brink's media: selective and enriched media.
(Rapid radiometric mycobacterium detection system as BACTEC TB) ****************
5. Blochemical characters:
Nitrate Urease Niacin Na. Glycerol Growth Temp. Growth
(yellow) pyruvate time type
+ + + - + 3-8 37 Eugonic MTB
weeks (heavy G)
- + - + - 3-8 37 Dysgonic M.Bovis
weeks (Scanty)
- - - - 2-6 37-43c Eugonic M.avium
weeks (heavy G)
- + + Guinea pig
- + - Rabbit
- + - Cattle
+ - - Fowl
- + + Man
7. Confirmatory diagnosis →Lymphocytes transformation test, IFN gamma assay, and ELISA or
(PCR)
Vaccination****** →BCG (bacilus Calmette and Gurin) attenuated strain of M.bovis (since 100
year)
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Jhones disease)
signs →emaciation darshoea, sheep.eoat.cattle) Samples are →ilio-cecal valve or rectal swab
or feces →processing of sample →culture on Egg yolk medium that contains mycobactin
protein that stimulates growth)
(P.M →corrugation of intestine.
Culture →egg yolk medium + mycobactia***" growth promoter for M. paratubertulosis (incubate
for 18-24 months)
Field diagnosis allergic test (jhonin test) (I.D) give false +ve up to 75%
Atypical Mycobacteria
Runyon classification
1-acc.to pigment prod. (colonial morphology)
- Schotochromogens (yellow pigment in absence or presence of ight)
- Photochromogens (piement in light only)
- Non chromogens as (M.avium)
Z-acc. To growth rate***
- Rapid grower(less than 7 days) M.fortutum
- Slow grower (over 7 days) + Scoto. As M scrofolacium + photo. As M.marinum
Notes
Incubation time of T.B is long? Because generation time required for doubling is 20 HOURS
while in E.coli is 20 MINUTES.
Treatment of T.B (treatment only in human but in animals test and slaughter strategy because
(1. it is Intra-cellular M.O, Z. Chronic disease, 3, Zoonotic transmission) but there is vaccination
by BCG (attenuated strain of M. Bovis).
T.B resist DECOLOURIZATION by acid and alcohol but not resist acid or alcohol (True)
Niacin production test is very importatt for identification of MTB and depends on treating the
extracts of colonies by means of ANILINE 4% and cyanogen bromide 10% and the presence of
niacin is indicated by appearance of YELLOW color
Saprophytic mycobacterium often referred as atypical. (T)
1.
McQ queitions
Members of mycobacterla are difficult to be stained by gram due to:
a-lack of cell wall.
b-has waxy coat.
c-unstainable.
d-a and b.
2. Pathogenic Mycobacteria are mainly.
a- acid and alchol fast.
b- alchol fast.
c- non acid, non alchol fast.
3. Atypical mycobacteria differ from typical one in : a-pigmented
b-rapid grower
c-acid and alcohol fast
D-day a and b
4. Culture for pathogenic mycobacteria on L Jensen media still in incubator maximally for.
a-one month at 37c
b-24hr at 37c
c-2 weeks.
d-non of them
5. Mycobacteria are mainly scanty in sputum samples, it must be treated with.
a-bile b- 4% Na hedronide
c-H2so4
6. Tuberculin material contains.
a- tuberculo proteins
b- antituberculous Ab
c-T.B cel wall
d-non of them
Actinomycetales
Actinomycetes & related organisms
• Classification →filamentous actinomycetes (produce true mycelium) = fungus-like bacteria are:
1. MYCOBACTERIUM 2. No cardia 3. Actinomyces 4-stretomycetes
5-corynebacteria equi (Rhodococcus equi)
All of them except (Actinomyces) has high lipid contents in their cell wall (phospholipid -
sulpholipids - glycolipids) →impermeable to gram stain (but typical as wall of Gr +ve bacteria)
→stained by Zheil nelsen stain (ZN). & resist phagocytosis.
Actinomyces Nocardia
Anaerobic, long filamentous baccilli Aerobic
ZN -VE (blue bacili & blue background) ZN +VE (pink bacilli & blue background)
-VE On SDA: +VE
Normal flora On Soil
+ Spore: -ve
- Chronic granulomatous mastitis & Abortion
1. Actinomyces bovis = lumpy jaw (Gr +ve) - in cattle Cattle farcy (lymphangitis)
> chronic Pyogranulomatus disease affect Tuberculus like disease (ulcerative lesion)
human and all animals) CHAR. BY
SULPHER GRANULES in the pus
2- Actinemyces pyogenes: summer mastitis
Actinobacillosis Actinomycosis
Actinobacillus ligneresi Actynomyces bovis
Woody tongue in cattle Lumpy jaw in cattle
Gr -ve Gr +ve
Not stained by ZN ZN -VE
Aerobic Anaerobic
No sulpher granules CHAR. BY SULPHER GRANULES
Recent classification: Recently, two groups only (B. cereus group and B. subtilis group) have been
developed according to ability to produce acid from mannitol and their production of lecithinase:
1-B. cereus group unable to produce acid from mannitol and produce lecithinase**
B. cereus group, non bulging by oval spore, Gram +ve Large cells ≥ 1um
(B. cereus group): B. cereus - B. anthracis, -B. mycoides - B. pseudomycoides - B.thuringiensis -
B.weihenstepha-nensis
2-B. subtilis group: bulging, Ellipsoldal Spore, Gr. Variable, Small cells
Produce acid from mannitol and lecithinase negative
The bacillus species have:**(Q):
high medical (emetic toxin; B. cereus).
2- biowarfare (virulence plasmids, B. anthracis),
3- economic (biological insecticides; B. thuringiensis) imponence
Genus: Bacillus
Bacillus Anthracoids
• Nagler's reaction*** (On lactose egg yolk milk agar medium) →B.Cereus and B.mycoides give +ve
result that characterized as pearly opalescence zone surround the colony due to lecithin hydrolysis,
Non lactose fermenter
B.anthracis: weak lecithenase activity-
Gelatin media: fir tree absent (rapid liquifaction)
• Pathogenicity →Non pathogenic except →B.cereus →food poisoning in man, B.subtilis →severe eye
infection
• N.B →
Sudden death causing M.O b. anthracis (no hemolysis on bl.agar), cl. chaouvii, pasterella hemolytica (no .1
hemolysis on bl.agar)
B. anthracis B. anthracoid
End of bacilli Square Rounded
Spore Central Central / terminal / subterminal