LGF-3 Helicobacter and Campylobacter

Helicobacter pylori
Class: 4th year MBBS

Subject: Microbiology
Reference: GIT Module Theme I: Diseases of foregut
Dated: 11.12.2021
Teacher: Dr Sardar Muhammad
Associate professor of Microbiology
PMC
Enteric Gram Negative Rods
1. Curved:
Vibrio
Campylobacter
Helicobacter
2. All others are straight:
Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, E. coli etc
Enteric Gram Negative Rods
A. Enterobacteriaceae B. Non Enterobacteriaceae

(SKYPES) Pseudomonas
Salmonella Vibrio
 Klebsiella Campylobacter
 Yersinia Helicobacter
 Proteus Bacteroides
Escherichia (Anaerobes)
Shigella
General Characters of family Enterobacteriaceae
(common to all)
 All are Gram Negative straight bacilli
 Reside in colon
 Active biochemically
 Grow on simple media
 Non spore forming
 Facultative anaerobes
 Ferment glucose
 Oxidase negative (None possess cytochrome oxidase)
 Reduce nitrates to nitrites
 All are catalase positive
Enteric GNR
Pathogenicity
1.Primary Pathogens 2. Commensals(opportunistic

pathogens)
Salmonella
Escherichia
Shigella
Klebsiella
Vibrio  Enterobacter
E. Coli ( Some)  Serratia
Campylobacter Proteus
Helicobacter Providencia
Yersinia Morganella
Brucella  Citrobacter
 Bacteroides
Helicobacter pylori
Species: Helicobacter pylori.
Morphology:
Gram negative curved rod
Size 0.5µm - 3µm
Tuft of sheathed polar flagella
Coccal forms in old cultures.
Motility:
Actively motile
Helicobacter pylori
Culture properties
Oxygen Requirement: Microaerophilic (5% O2, 10% CO2, 85%

N2) Humidity
Optimum temperature: 37Co
Media: Blood agar / chocolate agar
Selective medium: Skirrow
Growth: Slow growth takes 3 – 5 days
Colonies: Domed, 1 - 2 mm in size
Color of colonies: Translucent & gray
Hemolysis: Weakly β hemolytic
Biochemical Reactions:
Urease + + + + ve
(An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea, forming
ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Oxidase + ve
Catalase + ve
H 2S - ve
Nitrate - ve
Pathogenesis
 Highly adapted
 Lives only on gastric mucosa under mucus layer
 Produces enzymes urease & protease
( Ammonia produced by hydrolysis of urea is toxic to the
gastric and duodenal mucosa)
 Produces peptic ulcers (Duodenal & gastric)
 Gastric carcinoma predisposition
 Mucosa associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) lymphoma
Diagnosis
Culture.
 Urease test.
Serology (ELISA , For IgG)
 Urea breath test (urea C14, C13)
Fecal antigen test
Biopsy
Microscopy after:
Gram stain
H & E stain
Silver stain.
Eradication therapy
Triple therapy (proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin / amoxicillin

with metronidazole) is the first-line treatment for Helicobacter
pylori infection.
CAMPYLOBACTER
Campylobacter
Family : Campylobacteriaceae
Genera : 1) Campylobacter
2) Arcobacter.
Species : 13
Campylobacter Jejuni & Campylobacter Coli (important)
Campylobacter jejuni is the most commonly reported bacterial cause of

foodborne infection in the United States.
Campylobacter jejuni
Morphology
Gram negative
- Slender curved rods
- Size 0.2 x 1.5 µm
- Comma, S, spiral shapes
Properties
- Darting corkscrew motility
- single polar flagellum at one / both poles
- Non sporing
- Non capsulated , Coccal forms in older cultures.
C. Jejuni
Gram Stain Basic Fuchsin Stain
Culture
Micro – aerophilic (5% O2, 10% CO2,

85% Nitrogen / Hydrogen).
- Temp 42Co
- Non –selective media (Blood agar, Brucella agar) for blood
isolation
- Stool culture on selective media.
C. Jejuni
Blood Agar Brucella agar
Charcoal Agar with 10% Defibrinated H
orse Blood
Selective Media
1)Skirrow medium (Campylobacter agar)

2)Butzler medium
3) Blaser’s medium
4) Preston medium (Blood Free)
−Growth is slow and may take 2-5 days
− Colonies flat, moist
− Translucent
− Like water droplets
− Non- hemolytic
Biochemical Reactions
Oxidase +ve
Catalase +ve
Urease -ve
Nitrate +ve
Fermentation / oxidation of sugars –ve
Hydrolysis of Hippurate +ve (-ve for C. coli).
Pathogenesis
Zoonosis
- Commensal in gut of cattle: Sheep, pig, dogs, rodents,
- Poultry (main source). Oral route
Contaminated food, Commonly meat and Drinks (Water, milk)
Contact with animal / animal products
Multiply in S. intestine
Invade epithelium
Cause inflammation
Bacteremia (occasional).
Clinical features
 Acute onset
 Severe abdominal pain
 Profuse diarrhea
 Grossly bloody stools
 Fever
 Self limited in 5-8 days
 Common risk factor for Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) and reactive
arthritis
Diagnosis:
- Wet smear of stools – Motile organisms WBCs, RBCs

- Gram stain of stool smears.
- Stool culture
- Serology
ELISA
Compliment fixation
Treatment
- Erythromycin 500mg bd/ 3 days in mild cases

- Azithromycin 500mg/day for three days
- In Bacteremia Azithromycin can be continued for 02 weeks.

“The reason birds can fly & we can not is that they have perfect
faith; For to have faith , is to have wings”

LGF-3 Helicobacter and Campylobacter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LGF-3 Helicobacter and Campylobacter

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

LGF-3 Helicobacter and Campylobacter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Helicobacter pylori

Class: 4th year MBBS

A. Enterobacteriaceae B. Non Enterobacteriaceae

1.Primary Pathogens 2. Commensals(opportunistic

Oxygen Requirement: Microaerophilic (5% O2, 10% CO2, 85%

Triple therapy (proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin / amoxicillin

Campylobacter jejuni is the most commonly reported bacterial cause of

Micro – aerophilic (5% O2, 10% CO2,

1)Skirrow medium (Campylobacter agar)

- Wet smear of stools – Motile organisms WBCs, RBCs

- Erythromycin 500mg bd/ 3 days in mild cases

- In Bacteremia Azithromycin can be continued for 02 weeks.

You might also like