Co Axial Fed Microstrip Rectangular Patc
Co Axial Fed Microstrip Rectangular Patc
Co Axial Fed Microstrip Rectangular Patc
Abstract
Abstract: - A design procedure for Microstrip rectangular patch antenna for Bluetooth application is presented. In Bluetooth open
wireless technology important constraints are size and installation of the antenna. In this paper the proposed antenna is designed
using transmission line model and can create resonance at 2.45 GHz with in Bluetooth frequency range 2400-2485 MHz. Coaxial
feed technique is used to excite the patch even though microstrip inset feed technique is present because of low radiation and
ease of installation. Placement of co axial feed for this patch is taken almost one third of length from virtual ground line i.e., at
the center line of the patch which is along the width lines and can creates resonance at 2.45 GHz with minimum reflection
coefficient (s11) at this feed position. Fabrication is done using photolithographic technique and is tested with Agilent Network
Analyzer to measure VSWR and S11 parameters. S-parameters are used to measure the antenna performance and shown that S 11
value is low at resonant frequency. Variation of input impedance as function of frequency is also presented using Smith Chart.
Radiation patterns are drawn both in E-plane, H-plane in anechoic chamber and parameters like gain, beam width (both E and H
planes) are measured. Designed antenna is simulated on FR4 substrate with loss tangent tanδ=0.02 using Agilent Advance
Design System (ADS) software. Simulation and measurement results are compared and discussed.
Index Terms: Transmission line model, Blue tooth communications, S-parameters, VSWR, Anechoic chamber.
---------------------------------------------------------- ----------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Where r 1 r 1 1 12 h
1/2
4.08
However, tangential components are in phase resulting
2 W
combined electric field and maximum radiation normal to reff
2
the substrate surface. Presence of the fringing fields along
and finally the physical length is L Leff 2L 28.84mm
the radiating slots causes microstrip patch electrically
greater than physical dimension. The extended length (∆L)
is given empirically by Hammerstad [1]. Fig 1 shows The input impedance of rectangular patch antenna is given
Zin jX f 243
R
f
photographic negative of co-axial fed Rectangular patch [2] and is
1 2Q 1
antenna used for fabrication.
value of r larger the antenna size and vice versa. In this
x sin 1 4.32mm
presentation antenna is designed with FR4 material having L Zi
r=4.4, thickness h=1.6 mm and loss tangent tan =0.02. FR 4 Re
is inexpensive and can be used for wireless communication
applications. Moreover, it gives better results and cost is The dimensions for ground plane are selected in such a way
effective. SMA( Sub-Miniature) co-axial connector is that it can cover spurious radiation present at the edges of
chosen to excite patch antenna. The main application of the patch and are given as Lg = L+6h = 38.44 mm and Wg =
SMA connector is on component for microwave systems. W+6h = 46.86 mm. The gain of the antenna is G = 4ΠA/λ2 =
4.19 dB and beam widths in E and H planes are calculated
[4] using fallowing formulas
BE 2 cos 1 2 2
73.660
7.08
and
0
2 2
3 W 0 h
1/2
BH 2 cos
1
119.250
1
0
2 1 2
W
W 37.26mm
r 1
c
2 fo
2
Leff 32.92mm
2 f o reff
c
W
( reff 0.3) 0.264
L 0.412h h 0.7303mm
W
( reff 0.258) 0.8
Fig-2: Layout of proposed antenna.
h
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | NOV-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 592
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
3. FABRICATION AND TESTING The performance of the designed antenna can be understood
by measuring parameters like reflection coefficient (S11),
The transformation of geometric shapes on a mask to the VSWR and input impedance (Zin) measurement using Smith
surface of FR4 wafer can be done by using photolithography Chart. They have been measured by using two port vector
and the steps involved in this process are wafer clearing, Network Analyzer. Fig 6 shows testing of fabricated antenna
barrier layer formation, photoresist application, soft using Agilent Network Analyzer.
banking, mask alignment, exposure and development and
hard banking. Below Fig 3, Fig 4 and Fig 5 shows the
ground plane negative of proposed antenna, front and back
photographic views respectively.
Substrate Conductor
Dielectric Substrate Loss Copper Conductivity
constant thickness tangent thickness
4.4 1.6 mm 0.02 20 um 5.8X107
Effective length (Leff) 32.92 mm Fig-9: S11 parameter measured using Network Analyzer
m1
freq=2.417GHz
dB(patch245_mom..S(1,1))=-12.529
-6
-8
-10
m1
-12
-14
2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
Frequency
Fig-8: S11 parameter simulation using ADS Fig-11: Input impedance variation using Network Analyzer
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | NOV-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 594
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
The drawn radiation patterns in both E and H plane in Table-3: Gain Measurement
control room section of anechoic chamber are presented in
Fig 12 and Fig 13 are in both rectangular and polar co Frequency STD A.U.T Difference STD (SA) Gain
ordinates respectively. The measured beamwidths are 920 in GHz Horn PrA in Pr Level HORN A.U.T
and 1140 in E and H planes respectively and are agreed with PrH (dB) Gain(dBi) (dBi)
calculated and simulated values. The gain of the antenna is (dB) PrH-PrA
measured by using two element antenna method with
standard Horn antenna of gain 16.9 dB. The gain of the 2.35 -19.8 -33.3 -13.5 16.9 3.4
proposed antenna is 3.4 dB at 2.35 GHz which is
comparable with calculated and simulated results. Table 3
shows gain measurement.
Comparative results obtained by calculation, simulation and
measurement are presented in below Table 4.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author would like to thank Navaneeth Reddy Y for
given opportunity to visit ICOMM technologies, Hyderabad
to utilize Network Analyzer and Anechoic chamber and
thanks to principal, ECE HOD and faculties of IARE for
their support and encouragement.
REFERENCES
[1].R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon,
Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, ArtechHouse, 2001.
Fig-13: Radiation patterns (E and H Planes) in Rectangular [3].K. Wong and W. Hsu, ―A broadband patch antenna
Coordinates with wide slits,‖ in IEEE Antennas and Propagation
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | NOV-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 595
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
BIOGRAPHIES
Phani Kumar completed his
M.Tech in Microwave Engineering
from Dept of ECE, Andhra
university in 2007. His broad
interested area of research is
antenna design. Presently working
as Asst Professor in ECE Dept,
IARE, Hyderabad.
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Volume: 02 Issue: 11 | NOV-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 596