Paper 12922
Paper 12922
Paper 12922
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 1, September 2023
Abstract: Day to day we see various defects and problems in our structures like cracks ,honeycombing,
settlement and displacement, deformation and so on which is directly responsible for the lifespan of
structure. But we really aware of about our structure conditions? We really need to monitor the health of
our structures? Anyone curious about what exactly causes of these defects? Yes! Structural health
monitoring is very necessary and essential in these days. In these polluted world ,various causes are
responcible for structural deteriotions.
Structural health monitoring ensure the quality and structure life span. Structural health monitoring is
nothing but monitor or investigate the change occurs in the structure which help the understand
compressive strength of material. Then how to monitor structure ? Yes it is possible without distruction of
building, which is using non distructive testing evaluation. in civil engineering various NDT has like rebar
hammer, ultrasonic velocity ,carbonation test and half cell potentionmeter
I. INTRODUCTION
Day to day we see various defects and problems in our structures like cracks ,honeycombing, settlement and
displacement, deformation and so on which is directly responsible for the lifespan of structure. But we really aware of
about our structure conditions? We really need to monitor the health of our structures? Anyone curious about what
exactly causes of these defects? Yes! Structural health monitoring is very necessary and essential in these days. In these
polluted world ,various causes are responsible for structural deteriotions.
Structural health monitoring ensure the quality and structure life span. Structural health monitoring is nothing but
monitor or investigate the change occurs in the structure which help the understand compressive strength of material.
Then how to monitor structure ? Yes it is possible without distruction of building, which is using non distructive testing
evaluation in civil engineering various NDT has like rebar hammer, ultrasonic velocity ,carbonation test and half cell
potentionmeter.
These tests are help indirectly to find out compressive strengths of structure. Buttests does not gives actual compressive
strength. It gives you probable value that why it accuracy it`s like plue minus 10 or 25 %.it is because we had concrete
as material, which is heterogenous in properties that why lot of limitations are contain in NDT. and NDT accuracy are
actually depend on how to take ND testing, what precausions, guideline you follows.
(c) the development and analysis of synthetic simulations designed in order to reproduce the main patterns exhibited
with real data while better controlling influencing parameters. The key factors influencing the quality of strength
estimate are identified. Two NDT techniques (UPV and rebound) are prioritized and many empirical strength-NDT
models are analyzed. It is shown that the measurementerror has a much larger influence on the quality of estimate than
the model error. The key issue of calibration is addressed and a proposal is made in the case of the SonReb combined
approach.
IV. CALCULATIONS
Colour observation
a) Instantaneous Red purple colour occur within 30 sec
B) Slow development of colour
C) Boundary is diffuse
Creep back towards surface that occurred after the original result wasrecorded within 30 sec of spraying.
REFERENCES
[1]. BS1881:Part 201:1986 - Guide to the use of non destructive methods of test for hardened concrete
[2]. BS1881:Part 203:1986 - Recommendations for measurement of velocity of ultrasonic pulses in concrete
[3]. BS1881:Part 207:1992 - Recommendations for the assessment of concrete strength by near-to-surface tests
[4]. IS 13311 : Part 1 :1992 – NDT of Concrete – Method of test - UPV
[5]. IS 13311 : Part 2 :1992 – NDT of Concrete – Method of test – Rebound Hammer
[6]. IS – 456 – 2000 – Plain & RCC – Code of Practice
[7]. IS – 1199 – 1959 - Method of sampling & Analysis of Concrete
[8]. IS – 516 – 1959 – Methods of tests for Strength of Concrete
[9]. ACI – SP 82 – In Situ / Non Destructive Testing of Concrete
[10]. ACI 311.4 4R-00 – Guide for Concrete Inspection
[11]. ACI 365.1 R-00 – Service life Prediction – State of Art ReportACI 214.4 R-03 – Guide for obtaining Cores
& Interpreting Compressive strength results.
[12]. ACI 228.2 R-98 – NDT Methods for Evaluation of Concrete in Structures
[13]. ACI 228.1 R-03 – In-Place Methods to Estimate Concrete Strength
[14]. ACI 437 R-03 – Strength Evaluation of Existing concrete buildings
[15]. ACI – SP - 168 – Innovations in NDT of concrete
[16]. ACI – SP – 112 - NDT
[17]. ACI – Monogram No – 9 – Testing of Hardened concrete – NDT methods
[18]. ACI –Monogram Series – Evaluation of Concrete Properties from Sonic Tests
[19]. Malhotra V. M. (Ed.) - Testing Hardened Concrete: Non-destructive Methods, ACI, monograph No. 9,
Detroit, US, 1976.
[20]. Malhotra V. M. – Handbook of NDT of concrete – Second Edition
[21]. J. H. Bungey - The Testing of Concrete in Structures
[22]. N. J. Carino – NDE to Investigate Corrosion status in Concrete Structures
[23]. P.A.M. Basheer – Near Surface Testing for strength & Durability of Concrete
[24]. R. Halmshaw – NDT – Second Edition
[25]. H. W. Reinhardt – Testing during Concrete Construction
[26]. Periodical Structural Inspection of Existing Buildings – Building & Construction Authority Singapore
[27]. Guidelines for Structural Audit , Assessment . Evaluation and Strengthening of Existing buildings Structures
- Indian Association of Structural Engineers
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-12922 124
www.ijarsct.co.in
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)
International Open-Access, Double-Blind, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Multidisciplinary Online Journal
Impact Factor: 7.301 Volume 3, Issue 1, September 2023
[28]. D. Breysse ―Nondestructive evaluation of concrete strength: An historical review and a new perspective by
combining NDT methods‖ , Elsevier – 19th December 2011.
[29]. Ha-Won Song and VeluSaraswathy, ―Corrosion Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Structures – A
Review‖, International journal of Electrochemical of science , 1st Jun
[30]. KatalinSzilágyi ,AdorjánBorosnyói, IstvánZsigovics ―Rebound surface hardness of concrete.
[31]. A. V. Malhotra, Editor, Testing Hardened Concrete: Non-destructive Methods, ACI, Detroit, US(1976)
monograph No. 9.
[32]. A. Leshchinsky, Non-destructive methods Instead of specimens and cores, quality control of concrete
structures. In: L. Taerwe and H. Lambotte, Editors, Proceedings of the International Symposium held by
RILEM, Belgium, E&FN SPON, UK (1991), pp. 377– 386.
[33]. ASTM C 805-85, Test for Rebound Number of Hardened Concrete, ASTM, USA (1993).
[34]. BS 1881: Part 202, 1986: Recommendations for Surface Hardness Tests by the Rebound Hammer, BSI, UK
(1986).
[35]. In Place Methods for Determination of Strength of Concrete; ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 2:
Construction Practices and Inspection Pavements, ACI 228.1R-989, Detroit,MI (1994) 25 pp..
[36]. T. Akashi and S. Amasaki, Study of the stress waves in the plunger of a rebound hammer at the time of
impact. In: V.M. Malhotra, Editor, In situ/Nondestructive Testing ofConcrete, ACISP-82, Detroit (1984), pp.
19–34.
[37]. S. Amasaki, Estimation of strength of concrete structures by the rebound hammer. CAJ ProcCem Conc 45
(1991), pp. 345–351.
[38]. W. Grieb. In: Use of the Swiss Hammer for Estimating the Compressive Strength of HardenedConcrete,
FHWA Public Roads 30 (1958), pp. 45–50 Washington, DC, No. 2, June.
[39]. C. Willetts. Investigation of Schmidt Concrete Test Hammer, Miscellaneous Paper No. 6-267,
[40]. U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS (1958) June.
[41]. A. Neville and J. Brooks. Concrete Technology, Longman, UK (1994).
[42]. G. Teodoru, The use of simultaneous nondestructive tests to predict the compressive strength of concrete. In:
H.S. Lew, Editor, Nondestructive Testing vol. 1, ACI, Detroit (1988), pp. 137– 148 ACI SP-112.
[43]. A. Neville. Properties of Concrete, Addison-Wesley Longman, UK (1995).
[44]. ASTM C 597-83 (Reapproved 1991), Test for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete, ASTM, USA(1991).
[45]. BS 1881: Part 203: 1986: Measurement of Velocity of Ultrasonic Pulses in Concrete, BSI, UK (1986).
[46]. A. Nilsen and P. Aitcin, Static modulus of elasticity of high strength concrete from pulse velocity tests. Cem
Concr Aggregates 14 1 (1992), pp. 64–66.
[47]. R. Philleo, Comparison of results of three methods for determining Young's modulus of elasticity of
concrete. J Am Concr Inst 51 (1955), pp. 461–469 January.
[48]. M. Sharma and B. Gupta, Sonic modulus as related to strength and static modulus of high strength concrete.
Indian Concr J 34 4 (1960), pp. 139–141.
[49]. ACI 318-95, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-95) and Commentary-ACI
318R-95, ACI, USA (1995) 369 pp..
[50]. E. Whitehurst, Soniscope tests concrete structures. J Am Concr Inst 47 (1951), pp. 433–444 Feb..
[51]. R. Jones and E. Gatfield. Testing Concrete by an Ultrasonic Pulse Technique, DSIR RoadResearch Tech.
Paper No. 34, HMSO, London (1955).