PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

Chant Legends Folk Tales Epics Folk Songs

(Bulong).

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PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
(EARLY TIMES-1564)

1. Based on ORAL traditions

Play + My List
1. Based on ORAL traditions

Play + My List
[INSERT IMAGE HERE] [INSERT IMAGE HERE]

PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
(EARLY TIMES-1564)

Play +

Chant (Bulong)
Chants are customarily
called “Bulong” or “Pasintabi” by the
Tagalogs and referred to as “Bari-bari” by the
Ilokanos. These are sometimes in witchcraft or
enchantment often with an
accompanying “Anting-anting” (amulet or
talisman).
[INSERT IMAGE HERE] [INSERT IMAGE HERE]

PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
(EARLY TIMES-1564)

Play +

Chant (Bulong)

This was used in witchcraft or

enchantment especially in remote places
in the Visayas.
 Visayans Tagalogs
“Ikaw na “Tabi-tabi po
nagnakaw ng kayo, ako’y
mais ko, magbubuhos ng
lumuwa sana tubig at mainit
ang mga mata ito, kung
mo, mamaga masaktan ko
sana ang kamay kayo,
mo, parusahan pagpasensiyahan
ka ng mga niyo na po.”
anito.”
PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
(EARLY TIMES-1564)

Play +

Legends
These are genres of folklore that consists
of a narrative featuring human actions
perceived or believed both by teller and
listeners to have taken place within
human history.
PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
(EARLY TIMES-1564)

Play +

Legends

• It is a form of prose the common theme of

which is about the origin of a thing, place,
location or name.
• The events are imaginary, devoid of truth
and unbelievable.
 THE LEGEND OF
THE TAGALOGS.

“The Legend of the

Philippine Ang Alamat ni
Archipelago”
Daragang
Magayon
Why the Sea is
Salty
[INSERT IMAGE HERE] [INSERT IMAGE HERE]

PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
(EARLY TIMES-1564)

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FOLKTALES

Folk tales are made up of stories about life,

adventure, love, horror and humor where one
can derive lessons about life.
THE MOON
AND THE THE HAWK AND
SUN. THE HEN
[INSERT IMAGE HERE] [INSERT IMAGE HERE]

PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
(EARLY TIMES-1564)

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EPICS

Epics are long narrative poems in which a

series of heroic achievements or events
usually of a hero involving supernatural
forces/phenomena.
1.Biag ni Lam-ang
– Ilokanos 8. Haraya – Visayan
2.Hudhod hi 9. Lagda – Visayan
15.Indarapatra at
Aliguyon – 10. Hari sa Bukid – Sulayman – Moro
Ifugaos Visayan 16.Dagoy –
3.Alim – Ifugaos 11.Kumintang – Tagbanua
4.Ibalon – Bicol Tagalog 17.Sudsod –
5.Handiong – 12.Bernardo Carpio – Tagnbanua
Bicol Tagalog
6.Hinilawod – 13.Parang Sabir –
18.Tatuaang –
Bicol Moro Bagobo
7.Maragtas – 14.Darangan – Moro
Visayan
PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
(EARLY TIMES-1564)

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FOLK SONGS
Folksongs are the oldest forms of Philippine
Literature that emerged which are composed
mostly of 12 syllables per line of four in a verse.
These songs mirrored the culture of each group
singing specific song per
occasion/celebration/activities.
1.Kundiman – Songs of
Love/Serenading songs
2.Kumintang – War/Battle
songs
3.Dalit – Worship songs
4.Oyayi/Hele – Lullaby
songs
5.Diana/Danaya – Wedding
songs
6.Soliraning –
Laborer/Workmen songs
7.Talindaw – Fisher/Fishing
songs
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

EPIGRAMS RIDDLES SAYINGS

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SPANISH PERIOD
(1565-1871)

Literature in this period may be

classified as religious prose and
poetry and secular prose and
poetry.
 Spanish Influences on Philippine Literature

❑ 1. The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman alphabet
(abecederio)
❑ 2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices.
❑ 3. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this time lent may of its
words to our language.
❑ The Spanish language traditionally called “Castillan” which became the literary language
during this time, lent many of its words to our present-day Filipino language.
❑ Some of this words include: plato, cuchara, la mesa, cubiertos, calesa, platito, casa fuego,
and a lot more!
 Prose during the Spanish period
the prose writing during this period short, is chiefly known as “Church
Literature.”

The Spanish friars spent a considerable time burning and destroying ancient
and Pre-Spanish literatures such as chants or “bulong” which they deemed
as works of evil.

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 ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA
❑ Doctrina cristiana (Christian doctrine)
was the first book printed in the
Philippines 1593.
❑ It was printed using the process called
[INSERT IMAGE HERE] xylography imported from Spain. It was
written by Fr. Juan de Placencia
❑ and Fr. Domingo Nieva, written both in
Spanish and Tagalog.
❑ It contains 87 pages and the three
original copies were stored in Vatican,
Madrid Museum and the Library of US
Congress.
 ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA

It contains the basic catechetical

teachings such as:
[INSERT IMAGE HERE] 1. Pater Noster
2. Ave Maria
3. The Ten Commandments
4. Regina coeli
5. Seven Mortal Sins
6. Apostles’ Creed
 Nuestra Señora del Rosario
❑ (Our Lady of the Rosary) was the second
book printed in the Philippines written by
Fr. Blancas de San Jose in 1602.
❑ It was printed at UST Press with the help
[INSERT IMAGE HERE] of Juan Vera, a Chinese mestizo.

It contains:
1. Biographies of the Saints
2. Novenas
3. Questions and Answers about Roman
4. Catholicism
 Poetry during the Spanish period
In almost all parts of the archipelago, the Christianity doctrine was
propagated using the sword and the cross. The old and ancient poetic
samples are either burned or destroyed by the friars.

The arrival of xylography and typography printing equipment triggered the

faster and easier means of communicating one’s thought through poetry.

natives who became experts in speaking and writing Spanish language ARE
CALLED “LADINOS”

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 Pioneer Filipino poets
1.Fernando Bagongbanta was a native of Abucay Bataan who assisted Blancas de San Jose
in printing Artes Y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala. His well known work is the poem entitled
“Salamat nang walang Hanggan”.

2.Tomas Pinpin was a contemporary of Bagongbanta was known as the “Prince of Filipino
Printers” because he was the first indio to own a printing press. He was the co-author of Fr.
Blancas de San Jose in the book “Librong pag-aaralan ng mga Tagalog sa Uikang Castila.”

3.Pedro Suarez Osorio comes from Ermita, Manila and wrote the book
entitled “Explicacion de la Doctrina Lengua Tagala.”

4.Felipe De Jesus was a native of San Miguel, Bulacan who possess a tender feeling when he
wrote “Ybong Camunti sa Palad.”

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 Types of Poetry during Spanish period
❑ It is a song usually chanted which is usually comprised of
dodecasyllabic (12) verse fabricated from the writer’s imagination.
❑ The awit entitled Florante at Laura was written by Francisco
Awit “Balagtas” Baltazar who was deemed as the “Prince of Tagalog Poets.”

❑ It is a song which narrates a story usually comprised of octosyllabic (8)

verses about legends from European and other kingdoms.
❑ The corrido entitled “Ibong Adarna” was written by Jose Corazon dela
Cruz (Huseng Sisiw) was deemed as the “King of Tagalog Poets.”
Corrido

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 Types of Poetry during Spanish period

❑ (The Passion of the Christ) is a book detailing the life and sufferings of
Jesus Christ read during Lent season. Chanters take 2-4 nights singing
Pasyon, and it has been translated into various dialects throughout the
country.
Ang Pasyon
ni Kristo

Popular Tagalog translations include:

1. Mariano Pilapil (Tondo)
2. Gaspar Aquino de Belen (Batangas)
3. Aniceto de la Merced (Bulacan)
4. Luis de Guia (Bulacan)

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 PERIOD OF
ENLIGHTENMENT
(1872-1898)

In the 19th Century, Filipino

intellectuals educated in Europe
called Ilustrados began to write
about the hitch of colonization.
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)
This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class
like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna,
Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.

The objectives of this movement were to seek reforms and changes like the
following:
❑ 1. To get equal treatment for the Filipinos and the Spaniards under the law.
❑ 2. To make the Philippines a colony of Spain.
❑ 3. To restore Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.
❑ 4. To Filipinize the parishes.
❑ 5. To give the Filipinos freedom of speech, of the press, assembly and for
redress of grievances

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The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)
Some of Rizal’s writings: Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, Mi
Último Adios, Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinos and Filipinas Dentro De
Cien Aňos.

Some of Del Pilar’s writings: Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country), Kaingat Kayo (Be
Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan

Some of Jaena’s writings: Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the
Friar), Sa mga Filipino, and Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere show), Sa
Mga Pilipino...1891), and Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Oration to
Commemorate Columbus).

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THE AMERICAN
REGIME

Linguistically, Americans
influenced Filipino writers to write
using the English language. Jose
Garcia Villa became famous for his
free verse.
Historical background of the American period

❑ The Filipino revolutionaries won against the Spaniards and the

Philippine Independence was proclaimed on June 12, 1898.
❑ The flag was hoisted by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and the Philippine
Republic was inaugurated but was short-lived.
❑ The spirit of nationalism of the people remained undaunted.
❑ Peace movements started as early as 1900 and many Filipinos started
writing again “after the sword was broken.”
❑ The Filipino men-of-letters wrote all forms of literary genres like news,
poetry, stories, plays essays, novels which clearly depicted their love
of country and longing for independence.

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PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING THE
AMERICAN PERIOD
Philippine literature during the American rule was influenced by of which
is, education. With the Americans providing free education, many were
given the chance to study and English was used as the language of
instruction. Unlike the Spanish, the foreigners were willing to teach their
language to the Filipinos. Free education served as the stepping stone for
others to improve their social status.

he literary genres that flourished during the American Period were poetry,
sarswela, short story, and the novel. Poetry was written in the three
languages - Filipino, Spanish, English, and in the different dialects. Some of
the known poets during the American period were Maximo Kalaw, Carlos P.
Romulo, Maria Agoncillo, Paz Marquez Benitez, Salvador P. Lopez, Jose
Garcia Villa, Carlos Bulosan, and many others.

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 SHORT STORIES NOVELS

1925- DEAD STARS (Paz

Marquez Benitez
1930- CHILDE OF
SRROW (first novel in
Tagalog Novels-
1927 – THE SMALL KEY English (Zoilo Galang)
BANAAG AT SIKAT
Lope K. Santos (Paz Latorena
JOSE GARCIA
ROMANTIC 1933 - FOOTNOTE TO VILLA- “Poet of
POETRY Pagibig YOUTH (Jose Garcia the Century”
Jose Corzon de Jesus
Villa)
1922- LIWAYWAY
1940 – WE FILIPINOS MAGAZINE
ARE MID DRINKERS (Tagalog)
(Alejandro Roces)
The Philippine Literature in English
language
They wrote all forms of literature like news, poetry, stories, plays essays,
novels which clearly depicted their love of country and longing for
independence. Hence, the spirit of nationalism of the people remained
undaunted.

With the arrival of the English language, a new way of writing literature
has emerged. The Filipinos, being lovers of languages and natural
linguists, began using this new medium to record their thoughts,
sentiments, ideas and views, dreams an

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The Philippine Literature in English
language
As students of Philippine literature, you need to understand how
Philippine literature in English developed and improved from its early
years during the American period and beyond. To begin with, let us take
a look at the three periods, namely:

❑ Period of Re-orientation
❑ Period of Imitation
❑ Period of Self-Discovery and Growth

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THE JAPANESE
PERIOD
(1941-1945)
Philippine Literature was interrupted in its
development when another foreign country,
Japan, conquered the Philippines between
1941-1945. Philippine literature in English
came to a halt. This led to all newspapers not
to be circulated in the community except for
TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE REVIEW.
Historical background of Japanese Period

❑ The stride and growth of the Philippine literature in English language

and the development of Philippine literature in general was interrupted
during the Japanese period.
❑ During the Japanese period, Philippine Literature in English was
stopped and writers turned to writing in Filipino. The Japanese
authorities, with extreme hate to the Americans, did their best to turn
the Filipinos’ sympathy away from them. They rewarded handsomely
the Filipinos who are faithful to them.

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Historical background of Japanese Period

❑ In prose literature, the weekly Liwayway Magazine was put into strict
surveillance and was managed by a Japanese named Ishiwara.

❑ The Japanese language, Nippongo was introduced but not well-

embraced by the Filipinos despite it is being forcefully taught by the
Japanese.

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Philippine literature poems during Japanese period

❑Haiku is a poem of free verse of Japanese origin. It has 17 syllables

divided into 3 lines.
❑ The first has 5 syllables, second has 7, and the third has 5 syllables.
❑ The famous haikus that were penned by the early Japanese haiku
masters such as Bashō, Issa, Buson and Shiki.

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Philippine literature poems during Japanese period

Haiku samples
Tagalog English
Tutubi Dragonfly
Hila mo’y tabak, -5- You pull a saber,
Ang bulaklak nanginig, -7- The flower is shivering,
Sa paglapit mo. -5- Moment you approached.
Anyaya Invitation
Ulilang damo, -5- A lonely grass,
Sa tahimik na ilog, -7- By the edge of the river,
Halika, sinta. -5- Come with me, my love.

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Philippine literature poems during Japanese period

❑Tanka poem is very similar to haiku but Tanka poems

have more syllables and it uses simile, metaphor and
personification.
❑Tanks poems are written about nature, seasons, love,
sadness and other strong emotions. This form of poetry
dates back almost 1200 years ago.

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Philippine literature poems during Japanese period

Winter
Beautiful mountains, -5-
Rivers with cold, cold water, -7-
White cold snow on rock, -5-
Trees over the place with frost, -7-
White sparkly snow everywhere. -7-

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 PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE IN
ENGLISH (1941-1945)
❑ For the first twenty years, many books
were published both in Filipino and in
English. In the New Filipino Literature,
Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived
during this period. Most themes in the
writings dealt with Japanese brutalities,
the poverty of life under the Japanese
government, and the brave guerilla
exploits.
 Contemporary period

REBIRTH OF PERIOD OF PERIOD OF PERIOD OF THE POST-EDSA 1

FREEDOM ACTIVISM THE NEW THIRD REPUBLIC REVOLUTION
(1946-1970) (1970-1972) SOCIETY (1981-1985) (1986-1999)
(1972- 1980)

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REBIRTH OF FREEDOM
(1946-1970)

❑ For the first twenty years, many books

were published both in Filipino and in
English. In the New Filipino Literature,
Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived
during this period. Most themes in the
writings dealt with Japanese brutalities,
the poverty of life under the Japanese
government, and the brave guerilla
exploits.
REBIRTH OF FREEDOM (1946-1970)

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PERIOD OF ACTIVISM
(1970-1972)

❑ According to Pociano Pineda, youth

activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic
and worldwide causes. Because of the ills of
society, the youth moved to seek reforms.
The Literary Revolution
❑ The youth became vocal with their
sentiments. They demanded a change in
the government. It was manifested in the
bloody demonstrations and the sidewalk
expressions and also in literature.
 PERIOD OF ACTIVISM
Many young people became activists to ask for changes in the government.
In the expression of this desire for change, keen were the writings of some
youth who were fired with nationalism in order to emphasize the
importance of their petitions.

The youth became completely rebellious during this period.

This was proven not only in the bloody demonstrations and THE LITERARY
in the sidewalk expressions but also in literature. Campus
newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The once REVOLUTION
aristocratic writers developed awareness for society. They
held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent
of the word MAKIBAKA (To dare!).

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 PALANCA AWARDEES FOR LITERATURE IN
ENGLISH

Established in 1950, the Palanca Memorial Awards for

Literature had been giving cash prizes for short story,
poetry and one-act play writing as an incentive to
Filipino writers. The prizes come from La Tondena, Inc.,
the firm founded by the late Carlos Palanca Sr.

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PERIOD OF THE NEW
SOCIETY (1972- 1980)

❑ According to Pociano Pineda, youth

activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic
and worldwide causes. Because of the ills of
society, the youth moved to seek reforms.
The Literary Revolution
❑ The youth became vocal with their
sentiments. They demanded a change in
the government. It was manifested in the
bloody demonstrations and the sidewalk
expressions and also in literature.
PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972-1980)

❑ The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972.

❑ The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards.
❑ Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the development or
progress of the country –like the Green Revolution, family
planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and
pollution.
❑ The New Society tried to stop pornography or those writings giving
bad influences on the morals of the people. A
❑ ll school newspapers were temporarily stopped and so with school
organizations.

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PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972-1980)

❑ FILIPINO POETRY DURING THE PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY •

Themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native
culture, customs and the beauties of nature and surroundings.
❑ THE PLAY UNDER THE NEW SOCIETY • The government led in
reviving old plays and dramas, like the Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo
and the Embayoka of the Muslims which were presented in the
rebuilt Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater and the
Cultural Center of the Philippines.
❑ RADIO AND TELEVISION • Radio continued to be patronized
during this period. The play series like SI MATAR, DAHLIA, ITO
AND PALAD KO, and MR. LONELY were the forms of recreation of
those without television
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 PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972-1980)
❑ FILIPINO FILMS • A yearly Pista ng mga Pelikulng Pilipino (Yearly Filipino Film
Festival) was held during this time. During the festival which lasted usually for
a month, only Filipino films were shown in all theaters in Metro Manila. 1.
MAYNILA…SA MGA KUKO NG LIWANAG written by Edgardo Reyes and filmed
under the direction of Lino Brocka. Bembol Roco was the lead role. 2. MINSA’Y
ISANG GAMU-GAMO; Nora Aunor was the principal performer here. 3. GANITO
KAMI NOO…PAANO KAYO NGAYON: led by Christopher de Leon and Gloria
Diaz. 4. INSIANG: by Hilda Koronel 5. AGUILA: led by Fernando Poe Jr., Jay
Ilagan and Christopher de Leon

❑ COMICS, MAGAZINES AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS • During this period of the

New Society, newspapers donned new forms. News on economic progress,
discipline, culture, tourism and the like were favored more than the
sensationalized reporting of killings, rape and robberies.

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PERIOD OF THE THIRD
REPUBLIC (1981-1985)

❑ After ten years of military rule and some

changes in the life of the Filipino, which
started under the New Society, Martial Rule
was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.
❑ The Philippines became a new nation, and
this, former President Marcos called “The
New Republic of the Philippines.”
 PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)

FILIPINO POETRY

❑ • Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic

and revolutionary.
❑ Writers wrote openly of their criticism against the government.
❑ The supplications of the people were coached in fiery, colorful,
violent, profane and insulting language.

• Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that

FILIPINO SONGS were really true-to-life like those of grief,
poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God,
of country and of fellowmen.

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POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION
(1986-1999)

❑ History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino

people regained their independence, which they lost
twenty years ago. In four days from February 21-25,
1986, the so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan)
prevailed.
❑ In the short span of the existence of the real Republic
of the Philippines, several changes already became
evident.
POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION
(1986-1999)

❑ It was noticed in the new Filipino songs, newspapers,

speeches, and even in the television programs.

❑ The now crony newspapers that enjoyed an overnight

increase in circulation were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA,
and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL.
21st CENTURY PERIOD
❑ The new trends have been used and
introduced to meet the needs and tastes of
the new generation.
❑ 21st Century learners are demanded to be
Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) inclined to compete with
the style and format of writing as well.
❑ New codes or lingos are used to add flavor
in the literary pieces produced nowadays.
OOPSIEANIEE