FAKULTI PENGURUSAN TEKNOLOGI DAN

PERNIAGAAN
SEM 5 2021
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
___________________________________________________________
COURSE CODE BPD 35003
COURSE NAME SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT
___________________________________________________________
STUDENT’S NAME
 MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ BIN ABDUL LATIF(AP 190174)
 MUHAMMAD AKHMAL ILHAM BIN AHMAD RUSLAN (AP
190163)

SECTION 2

LECTURER’S NAME PROF. MADYA TS. DR. SEOW TA WEE

DATE OF SUBMIT 31/12/2021
 CONTENTS PAGES

1.0 INTRODUCTION.
1.1 What is OSH? 1-2

2.0 OSH AT CONSTRUCTION SITES.

2.1 DEFINITION OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. 3

3.0 OSH PROBLEMS OCCURING AT CONSTRUCTION SITES. 4-7

4.0 IMPORTANCE OSH AT CONSTRUCTION SITES. 8-11

5.0 OSH SOLUTIONS AT CONSTRUCTION SITES.

I
1.0 INTRODUCTION.
In our country Malaysia, all sectors and industries will carry out their work
while focusing on safety and health in the workplace and employees. This is
important to launch the work carried out correctly and prevent accidents and injuries
due to negligence and negligence by some individuals or organizations. Therefore, it
is significant for safety and health aspects in the work area to reduce accidents and
injuries involving employees and people from careless work performance activities.
Referring to internet sources, it was found that the rate of accidents and occupational
deaths in all crucial sectors in Malaysia is declining, which has dropped by 20% from
the total in 2019 (Berita Harian Online, 2021). This indicates a good sign for Malaysia
because the organizations involved in these sectors are aware of the importance of
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in managing work that consists of an
employee's life. Therefore, OSH management in an organization will affect the rate of
accidents involving employees in the workplace, and it should be emphasized.

1.1 What is OSH?

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is a field that has a diversity of
management disciplines that involve aspects of safety, health and welfare required in
the workplace. OSH is responsible for providing a conducive and safe and healthy
workplace environment and ensuring that all employees under its supervision follow
all safe work measures and be vigilant to prevent employees from being injured or
suffering from poor health due to carrying out their work activities. However, OSH
will also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, and others due
to being affected by the environment in the work area and not just an employee. By
law, an employer in a particular organization is entitled to have a rule in the safe care
of employees. The application of the Statute law can also impose general duties,
introduce specific tasks, create government bodies in overseeing issues related to
safety in the workplace area and so on. In Malaysia, the Department of Occupational
Safety and Health DOSH) under the Ministry of Human Resources is an institution
responsible for ensuring Ministry of Human Resources can implement the safety,
health and welfare of employees in the public or private sector to reduce accidents and
deaths in the area. Work. This institution is in force by the Machinery Factories Act
1967 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 and acts on all sectors
involved in Malaysia.

1
 According to the requirements of section 29 (3) of the Occupational
Safety and Health Act 1994, Government shall hire safety and health officers only to
ensure adequate compliance in the workplace and promote safe work. In addition,
according to Section 29(4) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, the
Safety and Health Officer must possess any qualifications or training stipulated by the
Minister from time to time by the announcement in the Gazette. The Occupational
Safety and Health Act of 1994 was enacted to nurture and promote employee
understanding of safety and health issues and build adequate safety and health
organizations and programs. This is accomplished by self-regulatory mechanisms
adapted to the industry or group in question. The Occupational Safety and Security
Act 1994 supplements existing legislation and supersedes them in the case of
inconsistency.
Employers, manufacturers, employees, self-employed, designers,
importers, and suppliers all have general responsibilities. This Act's primary concepts
are based on the following: employers must build a decent and tidy management
system, beginning with a safety and health policy for their employees. Employers
have a reasonable arrangement to execute. The second is consultation; companies,
employees, and the government must collaborate to resolve workplace safety and
health issues and concerns. The third is collaboration, which requires both the
employer and employee to work together to maintain, preserve, and enhance the
workplace's safety and health standards.

Figure 1: Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia.

2
2.0 OSH AT CONSTRUCTION SITES.
2.1 DEFINITION OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.
Construction or erection of structures or buildings being repaired or
replaced, including bridges and roadways. The construction sector encompasses the
alteration, maintenance, repair, and destruction of all building structures, except for
electrical and metal maintenance. Other engineering tasks need electrical or
metalwork. The construction industry covers all sectors involved in the planning,
design, conservation, demolition, and repair of many types of structures and all sorts
of civil, mechanical, electrical, and associated engineering work. Construction on a
large scale demands experience and technology. Typically, construction is supervised
by a project manager who is helped by a construction manager, architectural engineer,
construction engineer, or architect. Effective planning is critical to ensuring that
construction goes successfully.
There are three primary forms of construction in the construction industry:
building construction, large-scale construction, and industrial construction. All
construction projects require a highly competent and knowledgeable working crew to
guarantee that all tasks on the building site are completed efficiently. However, issues
about occupational safety and health (OSH) among employees and public
involvement in the region surrounding building sites are frequently a big topic in the
news. Thus, efficient OSH regulations and implementations will aid in resolving
common building site challenges and issues.

3
3.0 OSH PROBLEMS OCCURING AT CONSTRUCTION SITES.
The higher the advancements made in the building business, the larger the
hazards they will confront. The risks associated with building projects are substantial,
and construction employees will be involved. However, it will also include public
members who live near the construction project site and people who visit the site in
the event of construction work negligence or a lack of care and application of safe
work practices, mainly when working on construction sites. Large-scale or towering
structures. Thus, it is critical for techniques or work practices that comply with OSH
standards to be based on knowledge and prevent mishaps involving employees or the
public.
The Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) issue encountered is a lack of
understanding regarding the critical nature of OSH in operations, including dangers to
workers and the general public around construction sites. Numerous employers,
developers, contractors, and others take shortcuts when it comes to good occupational
safety and health management by failing to follow safety rules or standard operating
procedures (SOP) established by the Malaysian government as an early preventive
measure against accidents on construction sites involving project staff as well as
members of the general public. On construction sites, the majority of them violate
strict OSH regulations, such as not wearing helmets, not wearing safety belts when
working in tall structures, and not wearing gloves. Workers that operate in this
manner appear to be impervious to accidents and injuries and unafraid of death. As a
result, employers, developers, and contractors must ensure that all personnel follow
instructions, follow work protocols, and dress appropriately in compliance with the
SOP criteria established by the construction project's OSH management.
Next, some construction project employers do not channel or allocate
budgets for workplace safety to facilitate and assist workers in performing their jobs
with a high degree of assurance regarding their safety and health due to financial
allocation for equipment and materials that can prevent them from suffering accidents
and injuries. This is because the construction project's employer believes that
investing and allocating funds to supply supplies, equipment, machinery, and so on to
ensure the safety of employees and the public would raise the cost of the construction
project. Employers believe that reducing budget allocations for employee safety and
health may lower their liability load and increase profit without considering the
hazards associated with building sites. Employers must understand the critical nature

4
of safety standards on construction sites. Employers must adhere to it and provide and
provide all employees with appropriate safety clothes and equipment while on the job.
If all employees are equipped with the proper tools, employees may reduce the risk of
injuries and accidents among all staff and workers on the building site. Additionally,
it will be easier and more pleasant for employees to work effectively.
Additionally, the lack of awareness among all workers participating in
construction projects in the project site region regarding how to ensure the safety of
newly constructed structures is a frequent occurrence in Malaysia. Numerous accident
cases involved public users who were wounded or killed due to developers' and
contractors' carelessness regarding building safety and the proper operation of heavy
machinery in the region surrounding the development while it was being constructed.
The supervisors on-site were complacent and failed to educate all staff about good
OSH management before beginning the building project.

Figure 4: Example of a falling crane machinery accident at a construction site.

In addition, some supervisors, such as developers or contractors, fail to

provide pre-work briefings on occupational safety and health (OSH) for all
construction site personnel. As a consequence, staff will be able to work comfortably
and independently. Superiors should not take this subject lightly regarding OSH for
all employees since it might result in death if not controlled by solid and effective
OSH management. This also leads to occupational safety and health issues on the job
site since foreign workers cannot follow the regulations and work standards
established by superiors regarding safe working practices. As a result, developers
must move swiftly to fix this issue, which can harm both workers and the general
public.

5
 The employment of foreign employees, mainly from Bangladesh
Indonesia and Pakistan, complicates the problem of OSH application on the project
site area further, owing to the large communication gap generated by the different
languages. Employers of most construction projects prefer to use foreign labour due
to their lower rates and ability to work overtime. The majority of foreign employees
that come to work in Malaysia's construction industry do not speak Malay and are
unfamiliar with the laws, work processes, and safety compliance standards established
by DOSH Malaysia while on construction sites. In this group of workers, there is a
lack of education and understanding about the importance of occupational safety and
health policies and procedures. For the bulk of these foreign workers, occupational
safety and health regulations are barely understood before commencing work on a
construction site. As a result, they will carry out the task in their manner, without
regard for the ramifications. Additionally, the majority of foreign workers that come
to the nation have health concerns since they live in rural parts of their home country.
The majority carry severe illnesses such as malaria, tuberculosis, and leprosy.
According to statistics, a significant number of them are HIV and Hepatitis carriers.
In this respect, the spread of illness from foreign employees to all other workers and
the general public will substantially influence the execution of construction activity
on construction sites.

Figure 2: Accident statistics in the construction sector from 2017,2018,2019 and

2020.

6
Figure 3: Accident statistics in the construction sector for local and foreign workers
from 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Based on the accident statistics from 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 based on
figure 2, accidents in the construction sector in Malaysia in 2018 and 2019 decreased
from 240 cases to 210 cases. However, in 2019, cases involving the construction
sector increased by 326 cases, but in 2020, there was a decrease of 161 accident cases.
It is probable that in 2020 there will be a COVID-19 pandemic, and the construction
sector will experience temporary paralysis. Based on Figure 3, the number of
accidents involving local workers from 2016 to 2017 has increased from 3692 cases
to 3866 cases. In 2018, accident cases in the construction sector had increased to 3516
cases, and in 2019, again there has been an increase in accident cases for local
workers, which is 4393 cases. As for accident cases in the construction sector, the
statistics of foreign workers have decreased from 2016 to 2018, which is 577 to 400 in
2017 to 395 cases for foreign workers. At the same time, sustainability in terms of
management and applying education and awareness of OSH is very important for all
parties involved, especially employers, contractors, developers, staff and construction
workers. Awareness and basic education about OSH in the workplace is the main goal
to prevent the occurrence of any accidents that involve the lives of those involved,
especially the workers while carrying out construction work at the construction
project site.

7
4.0 IMPORTANCE OSH AT CONSTRUCTION SITES.
The importance of OSH at construction sites is a priority for all parties
involved. Employers or superiors in a construction project need to design and plan
systematic management in the handling of OSH at the construction project site. Good
OSH management at the construction site will positively impact safety, health, and
welfare to all parties involved in the construction site, especially to workers while
performing high-risk tasks. Deaths and accidents of workers at construction sites are a
major concern for parties involved in the building sector. Most safety measures in the
construction sector are handled reactively, and contractors are fully responsible for
them. Among the importance of OSH management and operation at construction sites
are;
 OSH can provide good benefits from the safety and health aspects of an employee
or people involved from any risk.
The complete implementation of OSH from all aspects at the construction
site can reduce the risk of accidents and death to all parties, whether involved or not,
at the construction site. The Department of Occupational Safety and Health at the
construction project site needs to be sensitive to the safety of workers whether
according to set standards or not while working or see the construction site
environment is unsafe and needs to be improved. Communication between employees
and superiors is essential to implement good OSH management at construction project
sites to identify the major risks that employees face in the future if they are not
involved from the beginning. Awareness of OSH is very important for all parties
involved to achieve a high level of safety at the project site to avoid any injuries
suffered by workers and people around the construction site.

Figure 4: Communication at the construction site is very important for the purpose
of fostering safe and orderly work practices.

8
 OSH will assist in adopting a safe and efficient workplace environment at the
construction site according to the physiological and psychological requirements
they set.
The standards set by DOSH Malaysia for the construction sector should be
the guidelines that need to be followed and implemented by carrying out work on
construction sites following guidelines and safe work procedures. OSH management
at construction sites should be enforced by project managers, contractors, developers,
and others by regularly conducting brief sessions and meetings to discuss any
weaknesses in the safety aspects of labour workers. The expression of problems and
views from all parties will make the construction site environment safer, and the
practice of efficiency in acting in the event of accidents and injuries will increase in
line with the government's aspirations.

 OSH can stimulate increased employee productivity. A safe and comfortable

construction site environment can stimulate and increase employee morale in
carrying out work.
If an employer can implement good OSH management at the construction
site, this will create a safe and comfortable environment for all workers. Safety
aspects prioritized in construction companies and applied to construction sites will
give labour workers and staff confidence in carrying out their work. They will feel
comfortable and more conducive to working in a safe environment and provide a
positive stimulus to them to be more enthusiastic in doing work.

 OSH can retain skilled workers. Skilled workers will feel their safety will be
assured when top management handles OSH effectively.
Among the most important assets in producing the quality of construction
produced are workers or labour. Employees must be well managed and led to achieve
organizational goals. Skilled workers are important individuals to move the operation
of works on a construction site successfully. Occupational safety in the construction
site area is one of the guarantees for retaining skilled workers in a construction
company. Therefore, OSH management at construction sites must ensure that the
work area of workers is in a safe condition while ensuring that safety equipment for
each worker must be provided. This is to ensure the safety of all skilled or unskilled

9
workers in a safe condition and prevent them from suffering any injuries or even
accidents due to poor OSH management at the construction site.

Figure 5: Safe work procedures will petrify retaining skilled workers on construction
sites.

 OSH helps increase customer confidence in construction companies.

Occupational safety and health (OSH) management at construction sites that
follow procedures and have complete safety equipment can open up opportunities
for developers or contractors to demonstrate competence in managing
construction projects.
The level of improvement in the implementation of OSH at construction sites
can increase customers' confidence in construction companies. Following the
procedures on proper work execution and having complete and adequate safety
equipment for the employees involved at the project site will provide assurance and
confidence to all customers, including developers and contractors. They will check
the level of safety management provided by the construction company at the
construction site to follow the set standards to ensure safety at the maximum level to
prevent any accidents to all workers and people around. Developers and contractors
who have been responsible for carrying out development in this construction site area
will be able to adapt themselves and demonstrate their competence in terms of work
management. Thus, the work on the construction site will be more efficient and
smooth without any problems that will occur in the future.

10
5.0 OSH SOLUTIONS AT CONSTRUCTION SITES.
Accidents that occur at construction sites will harm the confidence of many
parties, and safety compliance will deteriorate. Therefore, developers and contractors
need to efficiently handle OSH issues that arise in their construction sites to achieve
the level of safety that the government desires. Among the OSH solutions that
employers can take is that they need to use advanced technology to help them monitor
and protect employees, such as wireless technology such as drones and remote
sensors via computers. This is in line with the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0)
approach and the country's aspirations towards advanced development. Therefore,
employers, developers and contractors should incorporate advanced technologies into
their management systems to help improve the safety and health of workers and the
public around construction sites.
In addition, the application of specific training and knowledge for OSH
handling will improve employees' safety and health. Therefore, construction project
employers need to ensure the existence of educational training on safety and health
management to employees in emergencies and unwanted accidents. With solid
training, employees will be more skilled in performing their jobs by taking risks.
Next, the authorities need to carry out monitoring work at construction sites
to meet all the criteria for safe construction that the expert superiors have set. Regular
monitoring of employees will be able to produce quality work, safe and in accordance
with standards and employees will follow every work procedure when performing
work that involves risks such as work at high places and the use of heavy machinery
or equipment. As a result, no issues will arise regarding accidents and injuries at the
project site.

11
REFERENCES.
 Internet.
1. DG Enterprise ( 13/2/2011). PENGENALAN PEMBINAAN. Retrieved
28/11/2021 from http://pembinaan2011.blogspot.com/2011/02/pengenalan-
pembinaan.html .
2. Rumorus (2009). Definisi Industri Binaan. Retrieved 28/11/2021 from
https://www.scribd.com/doc/19711055/Definisi-Industri-Binaan.
3. OSH POLIMAS (22/12/2010). Keselamatan Dan Kesihatan Dalam Pekerjaan
(OSHA). Retrieved 28/11/2021 from
http://oshpolimas.blogspot.com/2010/12/keselamatan-dan-kesihatan-dalam.html .
4. Dr. Abdul Aziz Hussin (14/9/2011). Penggunaan Alat Keselamatan Di Tapak
Bina. Retrieved 28/11/2021 from
http://azizlaw.blogspot.com/2011/09/penggunaan-alat-keselamatan-di-
tapak.html .
5. JABATAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN
KEMENTERIAN SUMBER MANUSIA (2020). STATISTIK UMUM JABATAN
KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN KEMENTERIAN SUMBER
MANUSIA SEHINGGA OGOS 2020. Retrieved 31/11/2021 from
https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/list-of-documents/dashboard/3701-statistik-
umum-jabatan-keselamatan-dan-kesihatan-pekerjaan-sehingga-ogos-2020/file .
6. Mas Suhaimi (19/10/2020). Tugas Seorang Safety And Heath Officer ( SHO).
Retrieved 31/11/2021 from https://www.cernaminda.com/tugas-safety-and-
health-officer/.
7. Yahya Buntat, Muhammad Rashid Rajuddin, Zakaria Mohd Yusof (2007).
PENGLIBATAN TENAGA KERJA TEMPATAN DI SEKTOR PEMBINAAN DI
MALAYSIA - SATU TINJAUAN. Retrieved 31/11/2021 from http://ukurbahan-
qs.blogspot.com/2007/08/penglibatan-tenaga-kerja-tempatan-di.html.
8. Roslan Bin Amirudin (2005). An Integrated Construction Safety System: A
Knowledge Based System Approach. Retrieved 1/12/2021 from
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/2803/1/71821.pdf.
9. Jabatan Keselamatan dan Pekerjaan Malaysia (2021). PELAN INDUK
KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN 2021-2025. Retrieved
1/12/2021 from
 https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/publication-ul/oshmp2025/4066-pelan-
induk-kkp-2021-2025-oshmp25/file .

 Online newspaper.
1. Berita Harian Online. ( 15/2/2021). Baiki tahap keselamatan, kesihatan pekerja
pembinaan - Lam Thye.
2. Utusan Borneo Online. (26/10/2017). Pemaju, kontraktor mesti laksana OSH di
tapak bina termasuk guna HIRARC.
3. Berita Harian Online ( 19/2/2020). Wujud badan khas kendali isu OSH lebih
serius- Dr Muzaffar Syah Mallow.

 Thesis.
1. Maureen Ambrose (2010) PENGURUSAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN
BERKESAN DI TAPAK BINA DARI PANDANGAN PEGAWAI KESELAMATAN
DAN KESIHATAN TAPAK. Thesis Ijazah Sarjana Muda, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia.
2. Shah Nur Farhana Binti Babil (2014) PENGGUNAAN BURUH ASING DI
DALAM INDUSTRI PEMBINAAN DI SABAH DAN SARAWAK. Thesis Ijazah
Sarjana Muda, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.