07/01/2024, 12:56 SQL Tutorial

SQL Tutorial

SQL Tutorial
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language which is used to
manage data stored in relational databases like MySQL, MS Access, SQL Server,
Oracle, Sybase, Informix, Postgres etc.

Our SQL tutorial helps you learn SQL (Structured Query Language) in simple and
easy steps so that you can start your database programming quickly. It covers most
of the important concepts related to SQL for a basic to advanced understanding of
SQL and to get a feel of how SQL works.

SQL is a database computer language designed for the retrieval and management of
data in a relational databases like MySQL, MS Access, SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase,
Informix, Postgres etc. SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL was
developed in the 1970s by IBM Computer Scientists.

SQL is not a database management system, but it is a query language

which is used to store and retrieve the data from a database or in simple
words SQL is a language that communicates with databases.

SQL Examples
Consider we have following CUSTOMERS table which stores customer's ID, Name,
Age, Salary, City and Country −

SQL makes it easy to manipulate this data using simple DML (Data Manipulation
Language) Statements. For example, if we want to list down all the customers from
USA then following will be the SQL query.

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE country = 'USA';

This will produce the following result:

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SQL Online Editor

We have provided SQL Online Editor which helps you to Edit and Execute the SQL
code directly from your browser. Try to click the icon to run the following SQL code
to be executed on CUSTOMERS table and print the records matching with the given
condition.

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE country = 'USA';

So now, you do not need to do a sophisticated setup to execute all the examples
given in this tutorial because we are providing you Online SQL Editor, which allows
you to edit your code and compile it online. You can try our Online SQL Editor.

SQL Basic Commands

We have a list of standard SQL commands to interact with relational databases,
These commands are CREATE, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, DROP and
TRUNCATE and can be classified into the following groups based on their nature −

Data Definition Language (DDL)

A Data Definition Language (DDL) is a computer language which is used to create

and modify the structure of database objects which include tables, views, schemas,
and indexes etc.

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

A Data Manipulation Language (DML) is a computer programming language which is

used for adding, deleting, and modifying data in a database.

Data Control Language (DCL)

Data Control Language (DCL) is a computer programming language which is used to

control access to data stored in a database.

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Why to Learn SQL?

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a MUST for the students and working
professionals to become a great Software Engineer specially when they are working in
Software Development Domain. SQL is the most common language used almost in
every application software including banking, finance, education, security etc. to
store and manipulate data.

SQL is fairly easy to learn, so if you are starting to learn any programming language
then it is very much advised that you should also learn SQL and other Database
related concepts to become a complete Software Programmer. There are many good
reasons which makes SQL as the first choice of any programmer −

SQL is the standard language for any Relational Database System. All the Relational
Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) like MySQL, MS Access, Oracle, Sybase,
Informix, Postgres and SQL Server use SQL as their standard database language.

Also, software industry is using different dialects of SQL, such as −

MS SQL Server using T-SQL,

Oracle using PL/SQL,

MS Access version of SQL is called JET SQL (native format) etc.

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SQL Applications
SQL is one of the most widely used Query Language over the databases. SQL
provides following functionality to the database programmers −

Execute different database queries against a database.

Define the data in a database and manipulate that data.
Create data in a relational database management system.
Access data from the relational database management system.
Create and drop databases and tables.
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Create and maintain database users.

Create view, stored procedure, functions in a database.
Set permissions on tables, procedures and views.

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Who Should Learn SQL

This SQL tutorial will help both students as well as working professionals who want
to develop applications based on some databases like banking systems, support
systems, information systems, web websites, mobile apps or personal blogs etc. We
recommend reading this tutorial, in the sequence listed in the left side menu.

Today, SQL is an essential language to learn for anyone involved in the software
applicatipon development process including Software Developers, Software Designers,
and Project Managers etc.

Prerequisites to Learn SQL

Though we have tried our best to present the SQL concepts in a simple and easy
way, still before you start learning SQL concepts given in this tutorial, it is assumed
that you are already aware about some basic concepts of computer science, what is a
database, especially the basics of RDBMS and associated concepts.

This tutorial will give you enough understanding on the various concepts of SQL along
with suitable examples so that you can start your Software Development journey
immediately after finishing this tutorial.

SQL Online Quizzes

This SQL tutorial helps you prepare for technical interviews and certification exams.
We have provided various quizzes and assignments to check your learning level.
Given quizzes have multiple choice type of questions and their answers with short
explanation.

Following is a sample quiz, try to attempt any of the given answers:

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Q 1 - The SQL programming language was developed by which of the

following:

A - Google in 1990s

B - Microsoft in 1980s

C - IBM in 1970s

D - None of the Above

Answer : C

Explanation
The SQL programming language was developed in the 1970s by IBM
researchers Raymond Boyce and Donald Chamberlin.

Start your online quiz Start SQL Quiz.

SQL Jobs and Opportunities

SQL professionals are very much in high demand as the data turn out is increasing
exponentially. Almost every major company is recruiting IT professionals having good
experience with SQL.

Average annual salary for a SQL professional is around $150,000. Though it can vary
depending on the location. Following are the great companies who keep recruiting
SQL professionals like Database Administrator (DBA), Database Developer, Database
Testers, Data Scientist, ETL Developer, Database Migration Expert, Cloud Database
Expert etc:

Google
Amazon
Netflix
Infosys
TCS

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Tech Mahindra

Wipro
Pinterest
Uber
Trello
Many more...

So, you could be the next potential employee for any of these major companies. We
have developed a great learning material for SQL which will help you prepare for the
technical interviews and certification exams based on SQL. So, start learning SQL
using our simple and effective tutorial anywhere and anytime absolutely at your
pace.

Frequently Asked Questions about SQL

There are some very Frequently Asked Questions(FAQ) about SQL, this section tries
to answer them briefly.

What are SQL skills?

SQL skills help software programmers and data experts maintain, create and retrieve
information from relational databases like MySQL, Oracle, MS SQL Server etc., which
store data into columns and rows. It also allows them to access, update, manipulate,
insert and modify data in efficient way.
A relational database stores information in tabular form, with rows and columns
representing different data attributes and the various relationships between the data
values.

What are the 5 different types of SQL?

There are 5 main types of commands. DDL (Data Definition Language) commands,
DML (Data Manipulation Language) commands, and DCL (Data Control Language)
commands, Transaction Control Language(TCL) commands and Data Query
Language(DQL) commands.

How long should it take to learn SQL?

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SQL is very easy to learn. You can learn SQL in as little as two to three weeks.
However, it can take months of practice before you feel comfortable using it.
Determining how long it takes to learn SQL also depends on how you plan to use it.
Following this SQL tutorial will give you enough confidence to work on any software
development related to database.

What are the benefits of using SQL over Excel?

SQL queries are also more flexible and powerful than Excel formulas and SQL is fast
which can handle large amount of data. Unlike Excel, SQL can handle well over one
million fields of data with ease.

How do I start learning SQL?

Here are the summarized list of tips which you can follow to start learning SQL.

First and the most important is to make your mind to learn SQL.
Install MySQL or MariaDB database on your computer system.
Follow our tutorial step by step starting from very begining.
Read more articles, watch online courses or buy a book on SQL to enhance
your knowledge in SQL.
Try to develop a small software using PHP or Python which makes use of
database.

What are the 4 basic commands in SQL?

Following are four basic SQL Operations or SQL Statements.

SELECT statement selects data from database tables.

UPDATE statement updates existing data into database tables.
INSERT statement inserts new data into database tables.
DELETE statement deletes existing data from database tables.

What are data types in SQL?

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Following are following three SQL data types.

String Data types.

Numeric Data types.
Date and time Data types.

Which is the best place to learn SQL?

You can use our simple and the best SQL tutorial to learn SQL. We have removed all
the unnecessary complexity while teaching you SQL concepts. You can start learning
it now Start Learning SQL.

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