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What are engineering ceramics? Discuss the properties and applications of Nitride Ceramics.
Nitrides used in ceramics consist of nitrogen atoms bonded to elements such as silicon and
aluminum.
Silicon Nitride
• Chemical compound of silicon and nitrogen, formula Si3N4.
• White, high-melting-point solid, chemically inert against dilute HF and hot H2SO4.
• Most thermodynamically stable of silicon nitrides.
• Commercially important and commonly referred to as "silicon nitride."
Applications:
o Wear Guides
o Seals and Bearings
o Grinding Media
Aluminum Nitride Overview
• A covalently bonded ceramic synthesized from Al and N elements.
• Has a Wurtzite crystal structure and is stable in inert atmospheres.
• Exhibits high thermal conductivity and strong dielectric properties.
• Critical for applications in optics, lighting, electronics, and green environmental technologies.
• Intermetallic inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb[ZrxTi1-x]O3 (0≤x≤1).
• Ceramic perovskite material with a marked piezoelectric effect, useful in electroceramics.
• White solid, insoluble in all solvents.
Aluminum Nitride
 opto-electronics
 dielectric layers in optical storage media
 electronic substrates, chip carriers where
high thermal conductivity is essential
 military applications
Silicon Aluminum Oxynitride Overview
• High-temperature refractory materials with high strength and thermal shock resistance.
• Excellent resistance to molten non-ferrous metals'wetting or corrosion.
• Typical use in handling molten aluminium.

• Highly corrosion-resistant, used in chemical industry.
• High wear resistance, low thermal expansion, and good oxidation resistance up to ~1000 °C.
APPLICATION
Thermocouple protection tubes for nonferrous metal melting
Immersion heater and burner tubes
oDegassing and injector tubes in nonferrous metals. Metal feed
tubes in aluminum die casting
oWelding and brazing fixtures and pins
4. Classify the composite materials and list two properties and application of them
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Certainly! Composite materials are materials made from two or more different types of
constituents with significantly different physical or chemical properties. They are engineered to
combine the unique characteristics of each constituent, resulting in a material with improved
overall performance. Here are two types of composite materials, along with their properties and
applications:
1. Fiber Reinforced Composites:

 Properties:
 High strength-to-weight ratio: The combination of fibers (such as carbon
or glass) with a matrix material (usually a polymer) results in a composite
material that is strong but lightweight.
 Excellent stiffness: Fibers provide enhanced stiffness, making these
composites suitable for applications requiring rigidity.
 Applications:
 Aerospace industry: Used in aircraft components, such as wings and
fuselage, to reduce weight while maintaining structural integrity.
 Sports equipment: Commonly found in high-performance sporting goods
like tennis rackets, golf clubs, and bicycle frames.
2. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs):
 Properties:
 High thermal conductivity: Incorporating materials like ceramics or
carbides into a metal matrix enhances thermal conductivity, making
MMCs suitable for applications requiring effective heat dissipation.
 Improved wear resistance: The addition of ceramic particles or fibers
enhances the wear resistance of the metal matrix.
 Applications:
 Automotive industry: Used in engine components, brake systems, and
other parts where high strength, thermal conductivity, and wear resistance
are crucial.
 Electronic packaging: MMCs are employed in electronic devices to
dissipate heat efficiently, ensuring optimal performance and reliability.
5.What are MMCs? and discuss their common properties and applications
Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are a type of composite material in which a metal
matrix (such as aluminum, magnesium, or titanium) is reinforced with dispersed
secondary phases, typically ceramic particles or fibers. The combination of the metal
matrix and the reinforcing materials results in a composite with enhanced properties
compared to traditional monolithic metals. Here are some common properties and
applications of Metal Matrix Composites:
 High strength and stiffness: MMCs have higher strength and

stiffness than the metal matrix alone, due to the load transfer from
the matrix to the reinforcement. They are used for structural
components that require high strength and stiffness, such as
aircraft wings, engine parts, etc.
 High wear and corrosion resistance: MMCs have higher wear and
corrosion resistance than the metal matrix alone, due to the
protection of the reinforcement from the environment. They are
used for components that require high wear and corrosion
resistance, such as brake discs, bearings, etc.
 High thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion: MMCs have
higher thermal conductivity and lower thermal expansion than the
metal matrix alone, due to the high thermal conductivity and low
thermal expansion of the reinforcement. They are used for
components that require high thermal conductivity and low
thermal expansion, such as heat sinks, electronic packaging, etc.

 Explain briefly about izod & charpy impact test

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What are engineering ceramics? Discuss the properties and applications of Nitride Ceramics.

• Chemical compound of silicon and nitrogen, formula Si3N4.

• Most thermodynamically stable of silicon nitrides.

• Commercially important and commonly referred to as "silicon nitride."

o Seals and Bearings

Aluminum Nitride Overview

• A covalently bonded ceramic synthesized from Al and N elements.

• Has a Wurtzite crystal structure and is stable in inert atmospheres.

• Exhibits high thermal conductivity and strong dielectric properties.

• Intermetallic inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb[ZrxTi1-x]O3 (0≤x≤1).

• Ceramic perovskite material with a marked piezoelectric effect, useful in electroceramics.

• White solid, insoluble in all solvents.

 dielectric layers in optical storage media

 electronic substrates, chip carriers where

high thermal conductivity is essential

Silicon Aluminum Oxynitride Overview

• Excellent resistance to molten non-ferrous metals'wetting or corrosion.

• Typical use in handling molten aluminium.

Thermocouple protection tubes for nonferrous metal melting

Immersion heater and burner tubes

oDegassing and injector tubes in nonferrous metals. Metal feed

tubes in aluminum die casting

oWelding and brazing fixtures and pins

1. Fiber Reinforced Composites:

 High strength and stiffness: MMCs have higher strength and

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