General English Program (GEP 5 Term 1)

Correlative and Subordinating Conjunction

Lecturer: MENG Sreysros

03 Types of Subordinating Conjunction.

04 Exercises.

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Definitions
Correlative conjunctions are conjunctions used to illustrate how two
words or phrases within a sentence relate to each other.
Note: Correlative conjunctions always come in pairs.

A subordinating conjunction is a word or phrase that links a dependent

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Types of Correlative Conjunction.
Either/or: Comparisons of two thing (take one).
Ex: I will eat either carrot or peas for dinner.
Neither/nor: Comparisons of two thing (Non of them).
Ex: She likes neither milk nor cream cake.
Whether/or: Comparisons of two thing (No choice).
Ex: He must do it, whether he like it or not.
Not only/but also: Unexpected information.
Ex: He not only studies hard but also works well.
Both/and: To express the link between two things.
Ex: The company deals in both hardware and software.
Such/that: To explain the result.
Ex: It's such a tiny kitchen that I don't have to do much to keep it clean.

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Types of Correlative Conjunction.
Rather/than: To give more importance to one thing when two choices or preferences are being
compared.
Ex: I would rather go out than stay at home today.
Scarcely/when: To emphasize that one thing happens very soon after another thing.
Ex: Scarcely had she entered the room when the phone rang.
No sooner/than: Show that one thing happens immediately after another thing.
Ex: No sooner he entered the room than he saw the snake.
Not/let alone:
Ex: I don't gave a girlfriend let alone children.

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Types of Subordinating Conjunction.
Time Place Cause&effect Condition
After
Before
Because If
By the time
Since Only if
As soon as Where
As Unless
When Wherever
So that Provided
Whenever Everywhere
Now that Provided that
Until/till
In order that Assuming that
Since
While

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Types of Subordinating Conjunction.
Concession Manner Comparison Relative Pronoun
That
Which
Though Who
As if
Although Than Whom
Like
Even though Whereas Whose
As
Even if Why
As though
How
When
Where

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Common use Subordinating Conjunction.
Though , Although, and Even though, Despite, In spite of: Show about the Contrast.
Formula: (Despite/In spite of) + Noun/Gerund.
EX: I went jogging in spite of the rain.
In spite of being undergrade, she went to bar.
I went jogging despite the rain.
Despite being undergrade, she went to bar.
Formula: (Even though/Although) + Clause.
Ex: She got the job even though she didn't have an interview.
I bought the new car even though I can't afford it.
Although England is famous for drinking tea, many people love coffee.
Although the food wasn't very good, we really enjoyed that restaurant.
Note: Even though (Strong contrast), Although (Weak contrast).
Formula: Though + clause. (Informal in English).
Ex: I bought the new car though I can't afford it.

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Common use Subordinating Conjunction.
Because, Because of, due to, and due to the fact that: Show the reason and result.
Formula: (Because/Due to the fact that) + clause.
(Because of/Due to) + Noun /Gerund.
Ex: I walked home because/due to the fact that the bus was late.
Haley failed her class because of/due to her missed lectures.
As/ Since: Show the reason and result. (Focus on result than reason)
Formula: (As/Since) + clause. (Less common more formal).
Ex: The roads have recently been closed as/since they are being repaired.
As/since I don't have a car, I take the bus to work.
So that/ In order that/ In order to: Tell the purpose.
Formula: So that/In order that + clause, In order to + Vinfi.
Ex: I exercise every day so that/in order that I stay healthy.
In order to make a phone call, you must first insert a coin.
Note: In order to: More common use in writing.
Although So that is more common use than In order that, So that is less formal than In order
that.

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Common use Subordinating Conjunction.

As if, As though: to make comparison an imaginary situation or a situation that may not be true but
that is likely or possible.
Formula: As if/As though + cluse.
Ex: He acted as if he didn't hear anything.
They feel as though they weren't appreciated.
He speaks as if he knows a lot about cooking.
She looks as though she lives here.
Note: Imaginary Comparison use: Past Tense + as if/as though.
Possible Comparison use: Present Tense + as if / as though.
As though: Not common use.

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Common use Subordinating Conjunction.
Whereas/While: To indicate a contrast between two facts or ideas.
Formula: Whereas/While + clause.
Ex: I am at home whereas/while they are at the jungle.
My phone range while I was studying my English class.
The secretary took care of my appointments while I was away from the office.
Note: Whereas means the same as While in sentences expressing contrasts. It does not mean the
same as While when while refers to time.
Even if: Used to show the possible situation.
Formula: Even if + clause.
Ex: Even if she is sick, she works.
Used only with future and present tense.
Ex: Even if it rains, we will play baseball.
Used unreal conditionals. We use past tense verbs, but we are not talking about the past.
Ex: She would come even if she were sick.

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Exercises Correlative Conjunction
Choose the right Correlative Conjunction to fill in the gaps.
1. _____ you learn how to do it or you will have to face the consequences.
2. She eats either meat _____ vegetable for her breakfast.
3. Neither did Rachel ______ her friends make it to the event.
4. ______ did they block the road but they also kept shouting slogans.
5. Manoj was saying that he is not sure _____ he should stay back tonight or leave home immediately.
6. _____ did my mom complete all the kitchen work than she started cleaning the house.
7. He’d _____ do something useful than wasting time on this.
8. My cousin did such a stupid thing _____ everyone mocked him.
9. Ramesh had _____ left work when his boss called and had to go back into the office again.
10. _____ I and my friends liked the movie.

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Exercises Subordinating Conjunction
1. She completed her assignments _____she was absent yesterday.
2. _____ it rained a lot, I enjoyed the holiday.
3. We continued to play football _____ the rain.
4. I was late ______ the traffic.
5. We could not reach on time ______the traffic was terrible.
6. She opened the window _____ the wind could come in.
7. They’re rather expensive _____ they’re quite hard to find.
8. She looks _____ she has not met him before.
9. He loves foreign holidays ______his wife prefers to stay at home.
10. Someone knocked my door _____ I was sleeping.
11. I’m going out tomorrow _____ it’s raining.
12. We will save the money _____ buy a new house.

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Any Questions?