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2.
General obligations, responsibilities, duties and rights
9. The competent authority should establish, apply, and

periodically review a system for the sex-disaggregated recording
and notification by employers of occupational accidents, occu-
pational diseases and dangerous occurrences in shipbuilding
and ship repair.
2.2.2. Inspectorates Contents
1. Inspectorates designated by the competent authority

should, in a manner prescribed by national laws and regulations:
a) enforce all relevant laws and regulations in shipbuilding and
ship repair facilities;
b) periodically carry out inspections in the presence of the
employer and worker representatives, and monitor compli-
ance with all relevant laws and regulations;
c) assist employers, workers and their representatives with
respect to their OSH responsibilities, duties and rights;
d) monitor the OSH requirements and performance of compa-
rable national or international shipbuilding and ship repair
facilities to provide feedback for further development and
improvement of safety measures; and
e) participate, in cooperation with the recognized organiza-
tions of employers and workers, in formulating and updating
safety rules and measures to be adopted at the national and
enterprise levels.
2. Inspectors should, in a manner prescribed by national
laws and regulations:
a) be competent to deal with the OSH issues for all workers
associated with shipbuilding and ship repair and be able to
provide support and advice;
b) have the authority to investigate fatal and serious accidents,
dangerous occurrences and diseases;
11
Safety and health in shipbuilding and ship repair
c) notify the employer, the workers concerned and their rep-

resentatives, as well as safety and health committees, of the
findings of inspections and the required remedial action;
d) have the authority to remove workers from situations
involving an imminent and/or serious danger to life or
health; Contents
e) periodically determine whether an existing OSH manage-

ment system or OSH elements are in place, adequate and
effective;
f) have authority to suspend or restrict shipbuilding and ship
repair activities on safety and health grounds, until the con-
dition giving rise to the suspension or restriction has been
corrected; and
g) have access to all worker health and safety education and
training records.
3. The authority, rights, procedures and responsibilities of
inspectors should be communicated to all affected parties.
2.3. Employers
1. Employers have a duty to coordinate, protect and pro-
mote the safety and health of all workers on site. Employers
should comply with the measures to be taken regarding hazards
or risks to safety and health in shipbuilding and ship repair,
including appropriate nationally and internationally recognized
instruments, codes and guidelines as prescribed, approved or
recognized by the competent authority.
2. Employers should provide and maintain workplaces,
plant, equipment, tools and machinery, and should design
work so as to eliminate or, if this is not practicable, control haz-
ards and risks in shipbuilding and ship repair, and be consistent
with national laws and regulations.
12
2. General obligations, responsibilities, duties and rights
3. Employers should set out in writing their respective

programmes and arrangements as part of their general policy
in the field of OSH, and the various responsibilities exercised
under these arrangements. This information should be clearly
communicated to their workers by oral, written or other suit-
able means, commensurate with the ability of the workers. Contents
4. Employers, in consultation with workers and their rep-

resentatives, should:
a) make an assessment of the hazards and risks to the safety
and health of workers arising from shipbuilding and ship
repair, requesting and making effective use of the informa-
tion provided by the supplier of equipment or materials and
from other reasonably available sources; and
b) take all reasonable, practicable and feasible measures to
eliminate or, if this is not possible, control risks to safety
and health identified in the above risk assessment, in order
to reduce exposure.
5. In taking preventive and protective measures, the
employer should address the hazardous factor or risk in accord-
ance with the hierarchy set out in section 3.4, paragraph 3. If
the employers, workers or their representatives cannot agree,
the issue should be referred to the competent authorities in
accordance with subsection 2.2.1, paragraph 8.
6. Employers should make the necessary arrangements to
provide and integrate prevention activities as follows:
a) regular surveillance of the working environment and appro-
priate health surveillance;
b) adequate and competent supervision of work and work
practices;
c) the application and use of appropriate control measures and
the periodic review of their effectiveness;
13
d) education and training to managers, supervisors and

workers, and to worker safety and health representatives,
on issues relating to hazards in shipbuilding and ship
repair;
e) where necessary, measures to deal with emergencies and
accidents, including first-aid arrangements; and Contents
f) investigate accidents, illnesses and incidents, in cooperation

with health and safety committees and/or workers’ rep-
resentatives, to identify all causes, and measures necessary
to prevent recurrences of similar accidents, illnesses and
incidents.
7. Employers should be required to provide, where nec-
essary, adequate protective clothing and protective equipment
to prevent, so far as reasonably practicable, risks of accidents
or adverse effects on health. OSH measures should not involve
any expenditure for the workers.
8. Employers should have in place arrangements to:
a) deal with accidents and dangerous occurrences that may
involve hazards or risks to safety and health in shipbuilding
and ship repair; and
b) eliminate or control any risk to the safety and health of
workers, and thereby to the public and the environment.
9. When an employer has more than one establishment,
the employer should provide safety and health measures relating
to the prevention and control of, and protection against, inju-
ries and risks to safety and health in shipbuilding and ship
repair to all workers without discrimination.
10. Shipbuilding or ship repair enterprises should maintain
the highest standards of safety and health, in conformity with
national requirements, bearing in mind their relevant experi-
ence within the enterprise as a whole, including any knowledge
14
of special hazards. They should also make available to the rep-

resentatives of the workers, and upon request, to the competent
authorities and the workers’ and employers’ organizations in
all countries in which they operate, information on the OSH
standards relevant to their local operations, which they observe
in other countries. In particular, they should make known Contents
to those concerned any special hazards and related protective

measures associated with new products and processes. They,
like comparable domestic enterprises, should be expected to
play a leading role in the examination of causes of industrial
safety and health hazards and in the application of resulting
improvements within the enterprise as a whole.
11. Employers should initiate and maintain a process of
consultation and cooperation with workers and their represent-
atives concerning all aspects of safety in shipbuilding and ship
repair specified in this code, in particular as regards the meas-
ures of prevention and protection listed in paragraphs 1–10
above. This process should be carried out within the frame-
work of safety and health committees, as recommended by the
Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155),
or through another mechanism determined by the competent
authority or by voluntary agreements.
12. Employers should verify:
a) compliance with safety regulations;
b) maintenance of safe working techniques;
c) the care taken of machines and equipment, particularly any
devices provided in the interest of safety;
d) training in the use of, and the care taken of, personal pro-
tective equipment (PPE); and
e) the competence of managers, supervisors and workers for
their tasks.
15
13. Whenever two or more employers undertake activities

simultaneously at one workplace, they should collaborate in
order to comply with the prescribed OSH measures, without
prejudice to the responsibility of each employer for the safety
and health of all workers. In appropriate circumstances, the
competent authority should prescribe general procedures for Contents
this collaboration.
14. Managers and supervisors should implement the enter-
prise’s OSH policy, including through the selection of safe
equipment, work methods and work organization, and the
maintenance of high levels of skill. They should endeavour to
reduce risks and hazards to safety and health in the activities
for which they are responsible to as low a level as reasonably
practicable.
15. Managers and supervisors should ensure that workers
receive adequate information and training on safety and health
regulations, policies, procedures and requirements, and satisfy
themselves that this information is understood.
16. Managers and supervisors should assign tasks to their
subordinates in a clear and precise way. They should satisfy
themselves that workers understand and implement the OSH
requirements.
17. Managers and supervisors should ensure that work is
planned, organized and carried out in such a way as to elimi-
nate or, if this is not possible, reduce the risk of accidents and
the exposure of workers to conditions that may lead to injury
or damage their health.
18. In consultation with workers and/or their represent-
atives, managers and supervisors should assess the need for
additional instruction, training and education of workers by
monitoring compliance with safety requirements.
16
19. When managers or supervisors observe non-compli-

ance with safety and health regulations or codes of practice by
any person, they should take corrective action immediately. If
such action is unsuccessful, the problem should be referred to a
higher level of management immediately.
20. Employers should establish effective ongoing commu- Contents
nication and coordination between appropriate levels of the

shipbuilding and ship repair facility with contractors and sub-
contractors prior to the commencement of work.
2.4. Workers
1. Workers have the duty to cooperate with the employer
to achieve compliance with the OSH duties and responsibilities
of the employer.
2. When workers or their representatives observe non-
compliance with safety and health regulations or codes of prac-
tice, they should take appropriate action immediately. If such
action is unsuccessful, the problem should be referred to a
higher level of management immediately.
3. Workers have the responsibility, in accordance with
their training, and the instructions and means given by their
employers, to:
a) comply with prescribed OSH measures;
b) take all steps to eliminate or control hazards or risks to
themselves and to others arising during the construction or
repair of ships, including the proper care and use of protec-
tive clothing, facilities and equipment placed at their dis-
posal for this purpose;
c) report forthwith to their immediate supervisor or safety and
health representative any unusual conditions at the facility
or affecting installations and equipment which they believe
17
could present a hazard or risk to their safety or health or

that of other people arising from the shipbuilding or ship
repair operation, and which they cannot deal with effec-
tively themselves; and
d) cooperate with the employer and other workers to permit
compliance with the duties and responsibilities placed on Contents
the employer and workers, and to participate with the safety

and health committee in the development and implemen-
tation of the OSH management system of the shipbuilding
and ship repair facility.
4. Workers should participate in instruction and training
programmes provided by the employer or required by the compe-
tent authority, and should demonstrate such acquired knowledge
and understanding of safety and health measures on the job.
Workers and their representatives should review the instruction
and training programmes for effectiveness. Where they deter-
mine that these programmes are ineffective, they should make
recommendations to the employer to improve their effectiveness.
5. Workers should participate and cooperate in exposure
monitoring and health surveillance programmes required by
the competent authority and/or provided by the employer for
the protection of their health.
6. Workers and their representatives should participate
in the process of consultation and cooperate with employers
concerning all aspects of safety of shipbuilding and ship repair
operations specified in this code, and in particular as regards
measures of protection and prevention listed in section 2.3,
paragraphs 1–10.
7. Workers and their representatives have the right to:
a) be consulted regarding any hazards or risks to safety and
health in shipbuilding and ship repair;
18
b) inquire into and receive information from the employer

regarding any hazards or risks to safety and health arising
from shipbuilding and ship repair operations, including
information from suppliers. This information should be
provided in forms and languages easily understood by the
workers; Contents
c) take adequate precautions, in cooperation with their

employer, to protect themselves and other workers against
hazards or risks to safety and health from shipbuilding and
ship repair operations; and
d) be consulted and be involved in the assessment of hazards
and risks to safety and health from hazardous factors to
be conducted by the employer and/or by the competent
authority. They should also have the right to be involved in
relevant control measures and investigations.
8. Workers and their representatives should be involved
in the introduction and development of workers’ health sur-
veillance, and should participate and cooperate with their
employers and with occupational health professionals in its
implementation.
9. Workers should be informed in a timely, objective and
comprehensible manner:
a) of the reasons for the examinations and investigations
relating to the safety and health hazards involved in their
work; and
b) individually of the results of medical examinations,
including pre-assignment medical examinations, and of the
respective health assessments. The results of medical exam-
inations should be kept confidential in accordance with
national laws and regulations and should not be used to dis-
criminate against workers.
19
10. Workers have the right:

a) to bring to the attention of their representatives, the employer
or the competent authority hazards or risks to safety and
health arising from shipbuilding and ship repair operations;
b) to appeal to the competent authority if they consider that
the measures taken and the means used by the employer are Contents
inadequate for the purpose of ensuring OSH at work;

c) to remove themselves and their co-workers in the vicinity
from danger resulting from shipbuilding and ship repair
operations when they have reasonable justification to believe
that there is an imminent and/or serious risk to their safety
and health. Such workers should inform their supervisor
and/or safety and health representative immediately;
d) in the case of a safety or health condition that places them
at increased risk of harm, to be transferred to alternative
work not exposing them to that increased risk, if such work
is available and if the workers concerned have the qualifica-
tions or can reasonably be trained for such alternative work;
e) to receive adequate compensation if the case referred to in
(d) above results in loss of employment;
f) to be provided with adequate medical treatment and com-
pensation for occupational injuries and diseases resulting
from shipbuilding and ship repair; and
g) to refrain from using or to shut down equipment or a process,
or to refrain from using a substance which can reasonably be
expected to be hazardous, if the relevant information is not
available to assess the hazards or risks to safety and health.
11. Workers who remove themselves from danger in
accordance with the provisions of paragraph 10(c) above should
be protected against undue consequences in accordance with
national laws and regulations.
20
12. Workers who justifiably take those actions specified in

paragraph 10(a), (b) and (g) should be protected from unwar-
ranted discrimination, for which there should be recourse in
national laws and regulations.
13. Workers and their elected safety and health represent-
atives should receive appropriate education and training and, Contents
where necessary, retraining in the most effective methods avail-

able for minimizing risks to safety and health from the ship-
building and ship repair operations, in particular in those areas
referred to in Chapters 9–14 of this code.
14. Women workers have the right, in the case of pregnancy
or when breastfeeding, to alternative work not hazardous to
the health of the unborn or nursing child, where such work
is available, in order to prevent exposure to hazards in ship-
building and ship repair, and to return to their previous jobs at
the appropriate time.
15. The supply of labour by private employment agen-
cies is the subject of the ILO Private Employment Agencies
Convention, 1997 (No. 181), and its accompanying Private
Employment Agencies Recommendation, 1997 (No. 188).
2.5. Suppliers, manufacturers and designers
1. In accordance with the guidance contained in the ILO
code of practice on safety and health in the use of machinery
(2013), national laws, regulations and other measures should be
taken to ensure that those who design, manufacture, import,
provide or transfer machinery, equipment or substances for use
in shipbuilding and ship repair:
a) ensure that the machinery, equipment or substances do not
entail dangers for the safety and health of those using them
correctly and are in compliance with national safety laws
21
and regulations or internationally recognized instruments

applicable to their design and construction;
b) make available:
i) information concerning their requirements for the
correct set up, use and maintenance of machinery and
equipment and the correct use of substances; Contents
ii) information concerning the hazards of machinery and

equipment, including the dangerous part of machinery
and hazardous components of equipment, and the dan-
gerous properties of hazardous substances and physical
agents or products; and
iii) information on how to eliminate or control risks
arising from the identified hazards associated with the
products; and
c) submit to the shipbuilding or ship repair facility a list of
vehicles and workers delivering standard products (that is
bolts, nuts and gaskets) and refilling stocks with products or
chemicals on a regular basis.
2. In accordance with the ILO Chemicals Convention,
1990 (No. 170), suppliers of chemicals, whether manufacturers,
importers or distributors should provide users with the rele-
vant safety data sheets and with instructions for the safe use of
chemicals.
2.6. Contractors and subcontractors
1. Contractors and subcontractors should ensure that any
person under their control performing tasks that may affect
OSH is competent in terms of education, training and experi-
ence, and should keep the associated records.
2. Contractors and subcontractors should comply with
the arrangements established by the employer in charge of the
shipbuilding or ship repair facility, which should:
22
a) include the contractor and subcontractor performing a risk

assessment, establishing risk controls for their work and
submitting a workplan to the employer. The contractor and
subcontractor should comply with the workplan and risk
controls and inform the employer of any changes;
b) include OSH criteria in procedures for evaluating and Contents
selecting contractors and subcontractors;

c) establish effective ongoing communication and coordina-
tion between appropriate levels of the shipbuilding and ship
repair facility and the contractor and subcontractor prior
to commencing work, which should include provisions for
identifying hazards and the measures to eliminate and con-
trol risks;
d) include arrangements for reporting work-related injuries and
diseases, ill health and dangerous occurrences among the
contractor’s and subcontractor’s workers while performing
work for the shipbuilding and ship repair facility;
e) provide relevant workplace safety and health hazard aware-
ness, information and training to contractors and subcon-
tractors or their workers prior to commencing work and as
work progresses, as necessary;
f) include regular monitoring of their OSH performance;
g) include periodic joint safety and health inspections by
employers, contractors and subcontractors involved in the
work at the site to identify and control harm and hazards at
work; and
h) ensure that on-site OSH procedures and arrangements are
followed by the contractor(s) and subcontractor(s).
3. When using contractors and subcontractors, the ship-
building and ship repair facility should ensure that:
23
a) contractors and subcontractors develop a safety and health

plan in accordance with the shipbuilding and ship repair
facility OSH management system that is approved by the
employer in charge of the shipbuilding and ship repair
facility prior to commencing work;
b) the same safety and health rights outlined in subsection Contents
2.2.1, paragraph 7, apply to contractors and subcontractors

and their workers as to the workers in the establishment,
including education and training requirements and proce-
dures to investigate accidents, occupational illnesses and
dangerous occurrences;
c) where required, only such contractors and subcontractors
are used that have been duly registered or hold licences; and
d) contracts specify safety and health requirements as well
as sanctions and penalties in case of non-compliance.
Contracts should include the right for supervisors man-
dated by the employer in charge of the shipbuilding and
ship repair facility to inspect work and to stop work when-
ever a risk of serious injury is apparent and to suspend oper-
ations until the necessary remedies have been put in place.
24
3. Occupational safety and health
management systems
3.1. Introduction Contents
1. The process of improving working conditions at a

shipbuilding or ship repair facility should be approached in
an inclusive and systematic way in order to bring them up to
reasonable standards. With a view to achieving acceptable
and environmentally sound OSH conditions, it is necessary
to invest in permanent structures for their continuous review,
planning, implementation, evaluation and action. This should
be done through the implementation of OSH management
systems. The systems should be specific to the facilities and
appropriate to their size and the nature of their activities. Their
design and application should be guided by the ILO Guidelines
on occupational safety and health management systems (2001)
and also by the ILO 10 Keys for Gender Sensitive OSH Practice
– Guidelines for Gender Mainstreaming in Occupational Safety
and Health (2013).
2. The OSH management system should contain the main
elements of policy, organizing, planning and implementation,
evaluation and action for improvement as shown in the figure
below:
3. OSH measures and measures to protect the environ-
ment are intrinsically linked. It is strongly recommended that
shipbuilding and ship repair facilities, in conjunction with an
OSH management system, have an environmental management
system in place which identifies the environmental impact and
facilitates the setting of environmental performance targets
and measurement of progress.
25
Figure 1. Main elements of the OSH management system
Contents
3.2. Occupational safety and health policy

1. The employer, in consultation with workers and their
representatives, should set out in writing an OSH policy, which
should be:
a) specific to the shipbuilding and ship repair facility and
appropriate to its size and the nature of its activities;
b) concise, clearly written, dated and made effective by the sig-
nature or endorsement of the employer or the most senior
accountable person in the shipbuilding and ship repair
facility;
26
3. Occupational safety and health management systems
c) communicated and readily accessible to all persons at their

place of work;
d) reviewed for continuing suitability; and
e) made available to relevant external interested parties, as
appropriate.
Contents
2. The OSH policy should include, as a minimum, the fol-
lowing key principles and objectives to which the shipbuilding
and ship repair facility is committed:
a) protecting the safety and health of all workers of the ship-
building and ship repair facility by preventing work-related
injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents;
b) complying with relevant OSH national laws and regula-
tions, voluntary programmes, collective agreements on
OSH and other requirements to which the shipbuilding
and ship repair facility subscribes;
c) ensuring that workers and their representatives are con-
sulted and encouraged to participate actively in all elements
of the OSH management system; and
d) continually improving the performance of the OSH man-
agement system.
3. The OSH management system should be compatible
with or integrated in other management systems in the ship-
building and ship repair facility.
3.2.1. Worker participation
1. Worker participation is an essential element of the
OSH management system in the shipbuilding and ship repair
facility.
2. The employer should ensure that workers and their
safety and health representatives are consulted, informed and
27
trained on all aspects of OSH, including emergency arrange-

ments, associated with their work.
3. The employer should make arrangements for workers
and their safety and health representatives to have the time
and resources to participate actively in the processes of organ-
izing, planning and implementation, evaluation and action for Contents
improvement of the OSH management system.

3.3. Initial review
1. Before works begin the employer should guarantee that
an initial review is carried out by competent persons, in consul-
tation with workers and their representatives, as appropriate. It
should:
a) identify the necessary work procedures and the associated
hazards;
b) assess the risks to safety and health arising from the existing
or proposed work environment or work organization;
c) identify the current applicable national laws and regula-
tions, national guidelines, specific guidelines, voluntary pro-
grammes and other relevant requirements for the activities
to be carried out;
d) determine whether planned or existing controls are ade-
quate to eliminate hazards or control risks; and
e) analyse other available data, in particular data provided
from workers’ health surveillance (see Appendix I), the sur-
veillance of the working environment (see Appendix II) and
active and reactive monitoring, if available.
2. The initial review should be used in the systematic
development of safety arrangements in shipbuilding and ship
repair and as the basis for the planning and practical imple-
mentation of the OSH policy.
28
3.4. Hazard identification, risk assessment

and preventive and protective measures
1. For work which by its very nature exposes workers to
hazardous chemical, physical or biological factors, psycho-
social factors and climatic conditions, arrangements should
be made for the identification and periodic assessment of Contents
these hazards and risks to safety and health at each perma-

nent or temporary workplace in both the facility and every
new ship, generated by the use of different operations, tools,
machines, equipment and substances. This review, together
with other available data disaggregated by sex, should be
used for the development of safe workplans, as described in
section 8.2.
2. Employers should plan and implement appropriate pre-
ventive and protective measures required to prevent the iden-
tified hazards and assessed risks, or reduce them to the lowest
reasonable and practicable level, in conformity with national
laws and regulations.
3. Employers should have a system in place, in consul-
tation with all workers and their representatives, to identify
hazards, assess risks to safety and health and apply control
measures in the following order of priority:
a) eliminate the hazard;
b) control the risk at source, through measures such as sub-
stitution (for example, replacing hazardous equipment or
substances with less hazardous equipment or substances) or
engineering controls;
c) minimize the risk through the design of safe work systems;
and
d) in so far as the risk remains, provide for the use of PPE,
including protective clothing, in various sizes, adaptable to
29
both women and men and at no cost to workers, and imple-

ment measures to ensure its use and maintenance.
4. In giving effect to the above, the employer should
establish, implement and maintain documented procedures to
ensure that the following activities take place:
a) hazard identification; Contents
b) risk assessment;
c) control of risks; and
d) a process to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of these
activities.
3.4.1. Hazard identification
1. The identification of hazards in the workplace should
take into account:
a) the situation or events or combination of circumstances that
have the potential to give rise to injury or illness;
b) the nature of potential injury or illness relevant to the
activity, product or service;
c) past injuries, dangerous occurrences and illness;
d) the way work is organized, managed, carried out and any
related changes;
e) the design of workplaces, work processes, materials, plant
and equipment;
f) the fabrication, installation, commissioning, handling and
disposal of materials, workplaces, plant and equipment;
g) the purchasing of goods and services;
h) the contracting of plant, equipment, services and labour,
including contract specification and responsibilities in rela-
tion to and of contractors and their subcontractors; and
30
i) the inspection, maintenance, testing, repair and replace-

ment of plant and equipment.
3.4.2. Risk assessment
1. Risk assessment is a process used to determine the
level of risk of injury or illness associated with each identified Contents
hazard, for the purpose of control. All risks should be assessed
in consultation with workers and their representatives, and
have control priorities assigned, based on the assessed level of
risk. The priority for control increases as the assessed level of
risk rises.
2. The risk assessment process should take account of the
likelihood and severity of injury or illness from the identified
hazard. There are many established and recognized methods
and techniques that can be implemented for the purpose of risk
assessment.
3.4.3. Risk control
1. Unless a particular hazard or exposure to the hazard is
removed, the risk associated with such a hazard can never be
completely eliminated. In such cases such a risk should be con-
trolled following the order of priority described in section 3.4,
paragraphs 3 and 4.
2. The employer should plan the management and control
of those activities, products and services that can or may pose a
significant risk to safety and health.
3. Control measures should be monitored and reviewed
at regular intervals and, if necessary, revised, especially when
circumstances change or if new information becomes available
about the risks identified or the suitability of existing control
measures. Control measures should also be reviewed and, if
necessary, revised following an accident.
31
3.4.4. Evaluation
1. The processes of hazard identification, risk assessment
and control should be subject to a documented evaluation of
effectiveness and modified as necessary, to establish an ongoing
process for continual improvement.
2. Evaluations should take into consideration advances Contents
in technology, knowledge and experiences nationally and

internationally.
3. Practical examples and guidance can be found in A 5
step guide for employers, workers and their representatives on con-
ducting workplace risk assessments (ILO, 2014) and the Training
Package on Workplace Risk Assessment and Management for
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (ILO, 2013).
3.5. Contingency and emergency preparedness
3.5.1. Emergency preparedness
1. Emergency planning, prevention, preparedness and
response arrangements should be established and maintained.
These arrangements should identify the potential for accidents
and emergency situations, and address the prevention of OSH
risks associated with them. Arrangements should be made
according to the location and environment of the shipbuilding
and ship repair facility and also take into account the size and
nature of the activities associated with each shipbuilding and
ship repair operation.
2. The emergency plans should be made and updated for
every ship under construction and for each major repair or con-
version in accordance with relevant internationally recognized
instruments and national laws and regulations, taking into
account the size and nature of the activities at the shipbuilding
and ship repair facility. They should:
32
a) ensure that the necessary information, internal communica-

tion and coordination are provided to protect all people in
the event of an emergency at the facility;
b) provide information to, and communication with, the rel-
evant competent authorities, and the neighbourhood and
emergency response services; Contents
c) address first aid and medical assistance, firefighting and

evacuation of all people at the facility; and
d) provide relevant information and training to all workers at
a shipbuilding and ship repair facility and any person who
may be involved in an emergency, at all levels and according
to their competence, including regular exercises in emer-
gency prevention, preparedness and response procedures.
3. Emergency prevention, preparedness and response
arrangements should be established by the employer in charge
of the shipbuilding and ship repair facility in cooperation with
workers, external emergency services and other bodies where
applicable.
4. The emergency response plan should be developed
locally for each shipbuilding and ship repair facility and should
be sufficiently comprehensive to deal with all types of emergen-
cies. The plan should include, for each foreseeable scenario, as a
minimum:
a) emergency escape routes and procedures, including signings
and markings indicating escape routes to be used;
b) procedures to be followed by workers who remain to per-
form critical operations before evacuation;
c) the evacuation of the worksite, especially from inside the
hull of the ship and the surrounding area, premises or
establishment;
33
d) procedures to account for all workers after the emergency

evacuation is complete;
e) rescue and medical duties for workers who are assigned to
perform them;
f) the means for reporting fire and other emergencies; and
g) the provision of relevant information and training to all per- Contents
sons engaged in work in the facility, at all levels, including

regular exercises, at least annually, in emergency prevention,
preparedness and response procedures.
5. The emergency response plan should be evaluated
periodically with the necessary improvements recorded and
implemented.
6. A chain of command should be established to minimize
confusion and ensure that workers have no doubt about who has
the authority to make decisions. Responsible individuals should
be selected to coordinate the work of the emergency response
teams. The responsibilities of the coordinator(s) should include:
a) assessing the situation and determining whether an emergency
exists that requires activation of the emergency procedures;
b) acting to minimize the event, for example controlling the
fire, controlling leaks and spills, emergency shutdown, and
action specifically prohibited if persons are at risk;
c) directing all efforts in the area, including evacuating per-
sonnel and minimizing the loss of property;
d) ensuring that emergency response services, such as medical
aid and fire response are summoned when necessary;
e) providing information to, and communication with, the
relevant competent authorities and the neighbourhood and
emergency response services; and
f) directing the shutdown of operations when necessary.
34
7. The necessary and most recent information, as well

as internal communication and coordination, should be pro-
vided to protect all persons in the event of an emergency at the
worksite. Alarms should be capable of being seen and heard by
everyone.
8. Emergency response teams should be established and Contents
capable, among others, of:

a) firefighting;
b) first aid;
c) resuscitation;
d) shutdown procedures;
e) evacuation procedures;
f) chemical spill procedures;
g) use of self-contained breathing apparatus and other PPE; and
h) search and rescue.
9. In the absence of formal medical facilities at the
shipbuilding or ship repair facility, the following should be
provided:
a) eye washes, showers or suitable equipment for quick
drenching or flushing in the area for immediate use where
the eyes or body of any worker may be exposed to injurious
corrosive materials; and
b) emergency telephone numbers, or other contact informa-
tion posted in conspicuous places.
10. Notwithstanding paragraphs 3–7 above, emergency
procedures, first aid and firefighting for the handling, storage
and transport of chemicals, disposal and treatment of waste
chemicals, the release of chemicals resulting from work activi-
ties, and containers for chemicals at shipbuilding or ship repair
35
facilities should be established and based on the provisions of

Chapter 14 of the ILO code of practice on safety in the use
of chemicals at work (1993). Where in a shipbuilding or ship
repair facility hazardous chemicals are stored or processed in
such a form and such a quantity that they possess the potential
to cause a major accident, the provisions on emergency plan- Contents
ning in Chapters 8 and 9 of the ILO code of practice on pre-

vention of major industrial accidents (1991) should apply.
3.5.2. First aid
1. The employer should be responsible for ensuring that
first aid, including the provision of trained personnel, is avail-
able. The manner in which first-aid facilities and personnel
are to be provided should be prescribed by national laws or
regulations, and drawn up after consulting the competent
health authority and the most representative organizations of
employers and workers concerned.
2. A sufficient number of workers for every shift should
be trained in basic first aid and their contact details should
be easily available. This training should include the treatment
of open wounds and resuscitation. In areas where the work
involves the risk of intoxication by chemicals, fumes or smoke,
insect bites or other specific hazards, first-aid training should
be extended accordingly in consultation with an appropriately
qualified person or organization.
3. First-aid training should be repeated at regular intervals
to ensure that knowledge and skills do not become outdated or
forgotten.
4. Where the work involves a risk of drowning, asphyxia-
tion or electric shock, first-aid personnel should be proficient in
the use of resuscitation and other life-saving techniques and in
rescue procedures.
36
5. Suitable rescue and resuscitation equipment, as

required, including stretchers, should be kept readily available
at the shipbuilding and ship repair facility or ship, as appro-
priate. All workers should be informed of the location of this
equipment and the procedure for obtaining stocks.
6. First-aid kits or boxes, as appropriate, containing pre- Contents
scribed items, should be provided and be readily accessible at

all workplaces, including isolated locations, lifting appliances,
boats, transport and floating equipment, and for maintenance
teams, and should be protected against contamination by dust,
moisture, etc. These containers should be clearly marked and
contain nothing other than first-aid equipment.
7. First-aid kits and boxes should contain simple and clear
instructions, be kept under the charge of a responsible person
qualified to give first aid and be regularly inspected and kept
properly stocked.
8. If a minimum number of workers as prescribed is
employed in any shift, at least one suitably equipped first-aid
room or station under the charge of qualified first-aid personnel
or a nurse should be provided at a readily accessible place for
the treatment of minor injuries and as a rest place for seriously
sick or injured workers.
9. Unless there is a hospital or other suitable medical
facility nearby and conveniently accessible to the shipbuilding
and ship repair facility and a suitable ambulance properly
maintained and available at all times during working hours, a
convenient location should be provided, furnished with a suffi-
cient number of beds, together with the necessary equipment
and supplies, for the preliminary treatment of injuries or illness
and suitable for the temporary use of persons injured at the
shipbuilding and ship repair facility.
37
10. A first-aid register should be kept at the shipbuilding

and ship repair facility for recording the names and sex of per-
sons to whom first aid has been rendered and particulars of
injuries and treatment. The register should only be accessible
to authorized persons. The register may be made available,
excluding confidential information, to a competent authority Contents
and the safety and health committee for the purposes of inci-
dent and injury analysis.
11. Persons in supervisory positions should hold a recog-
nized first-aid certificate. First-aid training should be made
available to all workers.
3.5.3. Rescue
1. Provision should be made for rapid evacuation in the
event of injury or illness which requires medical assistance.
2. Transport or a means of communication should be
available at the worksite to contact rescue services in case of
an emergency. The functioning of the communication arrange-
ments should be checked periodically.
3. All workers should be informed of the procedures to
be followed in case of emergency. Information should also be
provided on the worksite and on the location of meeting points
for evacuation.
4. A place should be provided at worksites where an ill or
injured person can rest in comfort until evacuated.
5. Vehicles should always be available for transportation
to a point where an ambulance can be met.
6. Where professional help is not available within a rea-
sonable distance, particularly in remote areas, consideration
should be given to the creation of the necessary dispensing and
health-care facilities.
38
4. Management of change
1. The impact on OSH of internal changes (for example

in staffing or due to new processes, working procedures, organ-
izational structures or acquisitions) and external changes (for Contents
example as a result of amendments of national laws and reg-

ulations, organizational mergers and developments in OSH
knowledge and technology) should be evaluated and appropriate
preventive steps taken prior to the introduction of changes.
2. A workplace hazard identification and risk assessment
should be carried out before any modification of the project
schedule or introduction of new work methods, materials, pro-
cesses or machinery.
3. While much of what happens in shipbuilding or ship
repair should be covered by established controls developed
through the risk management process, there will always be sit-
uations that may not be adequately covered by those arrange-
ments. This gives rise to a need to develop and implement
processes to identify such “non-routine” work, or instances
where established procedures are seen as inadequate.
4. Such non-routine work might include:
a) a type of work that has never been performed before by the
team or at the site;
b) work that is only performed infrequently;
c) work that is outside normal duties;
d) work that does not have a documented procedure or safe
workplan;
e) work that must be performed in a different way to a doc-
umented procedure (including due to an approaching
39
deadline or instances where a procedure is identified as

inadequate); and
f) “routine” tasks that carry a particular risk and warrant over-
sight before proceeding.
5. The key to managing the risks of such work is to halt
the ongoing operation to allow for an established degree of Contents
assessment before proceeding. This provides an opportunity for

situational awareness to be improved before proceeding.
6. Responses to the identification of non-routine work
might include:
a) discussion with a supervisor;
b) performance of an “on-the-job” assessment to an established
standard before proceeding;
c) performance of a more formal job safety analysis to an
established standard prior to the work proceeding;
d) development or revision of a documented procedure or safe
workplan to cover the work;
e) conduct of a formal risk assessment and development of
appropriate controls; or
f) implementation of an established permit to work system
(this is commonly the case for work such as work at heights,
or work in a confined space).
7. Whenever new ships or equipment are introduced and
new working methods are needed, special attention should be
paid to informing and training workers with respect to the
implications for safety and health.
8. Arrangements to support this approach should be in place
very early on in the development and operation of a shipbuilding
and ship repair facility. It should be made clear, and accepted, that
an unacceptable response to non-routine work is to “do nothing”.
40
5. Reporting, recording and notification
of work-related injuries and diseases,
ill health and dangerous occurrences
Contents
5.1. General provisions

1. In the establishment, review and application of
systems for the reporting, recording and notification of
work-related injuries and diseases, ill health and dangerous
occurrences, the competent authority should take account of
the Employment Injury Benefits Convention, 1964 [Schedule
I amended in 1980] (No. 121), the ILO Protocol of 2002 to
the Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981, the
List of Occupational Diseases Recommendation, 2002 (No.
194), the ILO List of Occupational Diseases (revised 2010),
and the ILO code of practice on recording and notification
of occupational accidents and diseases (1996). The competent
authority should establish a nationally consistent approach to
collecting and reporting statistics on occupational accidents,
injuries and diseases.
2. Reporting, recording, notification and investigation
of work-related injuries and diseases, ill health and dangerous
occurrences are essential for preventive as well as reactive mon-
itoring and should be undertaken to:
a) provide reliable sex-disaggregated information about occu-
pational accidents, dangerous occurrences and occupational
diseases at the facility and national level;
b) identify major safety and health problems for both women
and men arising from shipbuilding and ship repair activities;
c) define priorities of action;
41
d) evolve effective and inclusive methods for dealing with

occupational accidents and diseases;
e) monitor the effectiveness of measures taken to secure satis-
factory levels of safety and health; and
f) monitor improvements over time and reveal new develop-
ments and issues. Contents
3. By national laws or regulations or any other method

consistent with national conditions and practice, the compe-
tent authority, in consultation with the most representative
organizations of employers and workers, should:
a) specify which categories or types of work-related injuries
and diseases, ill health and dangerous occurrences are sub-
ject to requirements for reporting, recording and notifica-
tion; these should comprise, as a minimum:
i) all fatal accidents;
ii) occupational accidents causing loss of working time,
other than insignificant loss; and
iii) all occupational diseases;
b) establish and apply uniform requirements and procedures
for facility-level reporting and recording of work-related
injuries and diseases, ill health, dangerous occurrences and
suspected cases of diseases by employers and workers, physi-
cians, health services and other bodies, as appropriate;
c) establish and apply uniform requirements and procedures
for the notification of prescribed sex-disaggregated data,
and specify, in particular:
i) the respective information to be notified to the com-
petent authority, insurance institutions, labour inspec-
torates, health services and other authorities and bodies
directly concerned, as appropriate;
42
ii) the timing of the notification; and

iii) the prescribed standardized form of notification to be
used;
d) make appropriate arrangements for the necessary coordina-
tion and cooperation between the various national authori-
ties and bodies and when two or more enterprises engage in Contents
activities simultaneously at one workplace;

e) make appropriate arrangements for guidance to be provided
to employers and workers to help them comply with the
legal obligations; and
f) apply these requirements and procedures to all women and
men in all shipbuilding and ship repair activities, regardless
of their employment status or type of work performed.
4. For the purpose of prevention, recording, notification
and, if applicable, compensation, a national list of occupational
diseases should be established by the competent authority, in
consultation with the most representative organizations of
employers and workers, by methods appropriate to national
conditions and practice, and by stages, as necessary. This pre-
scribed list of occupational diseases should:
a) take account of the diseases enumerated in Schedule I to the
Employment Injury Benefits Convention, 1964 (No. 121),
as amended in 1980; and
b) comprise, to the extent possible, other diseases contained
in the List of Occupational Diseases Recommendation,
2002 (No. 194), and the ILO List of Occupational Diseases
(revised 2010).
5. In accordance with national laws or regulations, the
employer should ensure that arrangements are made within
the facility which are capable of satisfying the requirements to
record and notify information in connection with:
43
a) the system for benefits in case of occupational injury and

occupational disease; and
b) the system for the recording and notification of work-related
injuries and diseases, ill health and dangerous occurrences.
6. Workers and their representatives in the facility should
be given appropriate information by the employer about the Contents
arrangements for:
a) the recording and notification of information required for
benefits in the case of occupational injury and occupational
disease; and
b) the reporting, recording and notification of work-related
5.2. Reporting at the level of the facility
1. The employer, after consultation with workers and their
representatives in the enterprise, should set up arrangements,
in accordance with national laws or regulations, to enable all
workers at the site to comply with the requirements to report:
a) forthwith to their immediate supervisor, without detriment
to themselves, any situation which they believe presents a
danger to life or health; and
b) any occupational injury, suspected case of work-related inju-
ries and diseases, ill health and dangerous occurrences, as
appropriate.
5.3. Recording at the level of the facility
1. The employer should ensure that records of work-related
injuries and diseases, ill health and dangerous occurrences are
available and readily retrievable at all reasonable times. Such
records should be maintained in accordance with national laws
and regulations, where these exist, and should include contractor
44
and subcontractor workers at the site. In the absence of national

laws and regulations on recording at the level of the facility,
guidance should be drawn from this code, as well as from other
relevant nationally and internationally recognized instruments.
2. In cases in which more than one worker is injured in a
single occupational accident, a record should be made for each Contents
of the injured workers.

3. Workers’ compensation insurance reports and accident
reports to be submitted for notification should be considered
acceptable as records if they contain all the facts required for
recording or are supplemented in an appropriate manner.
4. For inspection purposes and as information for worker
representatives and health services, employers should prepare
records disaggregated by sex within a period of time to be
determined by the competent authority.
5. Workers in the course of performing their work should
cooperate with the employer in carrying out the arrangements
within the facility for recording and notification of work-related
6. The employer should give appropriate information to
workers and their representatives concerning:
a) the arrangements for recording; and
b) the competent person(s) identified by the employer to
receive and record information on work-related injuries and
diseases, ill health and dangerous occurrences.
7. The employer should provide appropriate information
to workers and their representatives on all work-related inju-
ries and diseases, ill health and dangerous occurrences in the
facility, as well as commuting accidents, to help workers and
employers reduce the risk of exposure to similar events.
45
5.4. Notification of work-related injuries

1. All fatalities and serious occupational accidents should
be notified to the direct family of the accident victim, which
should be informed as soon as possible and, as required by
national laws or regulations, to the competent authority, the
labour inspectorate, the appropriate insurance institution or Contents
any other body:

a) immediately after the reporting of an occupational accident
causing loss of life; and
b) within a prescribed time for other occupational accidents.
2. Notification should be made within such time as may
be specified, and in prescribed specific standardized forms or
formats, such as:
a) an accident report for the labour inspectorate;
b) a compensation report for the insurance institution;
c) a report for the statistics-producing body; or
d) a single form which contains all essential sex-disaggregated
data for all bodies.
3. With a view to meeting the requirements of labour
inspectorates, insurance institutions and the statistics producing
body, the forms prescribed in either a specific or single format
should include at least the following minimum information:
a) facility and employer;
b) injured person (name, address, gender and age; employment
status; occupation);
c) type, nature and location of injury; and
d) accident and its sequence (geographical location of the place
of the accident, date and time, action leading to injury, type
of accident).
46
4. National laws or regulations should provide for the

specification of the relevant necessary information to be noti-
fied for commuting accidents and of more detailed informa-
tion, if available.
5.5. Notification of occupational diseases
Contents
1. National laws or regulations should specify that noti-
fication of occupational diseases include at least the following
information:
a) facility and employer;
b) person affected by the occupational disease (name, sex,
employment status, occupation at the time when the disease
was diagnosed, work history); and
c) occupational disease (name, nature, harmful agents, pro-
cesses or exposure, description of work, length of exposure,
date of diagnosis).
47
6. Safety and health organization
6.1. Occupational health services

1. Consistent with the Occupational Health Services Contents
Convention, 1985 (No. 161), and the Occupational Health

Services Recommendation, 1985 (No. 171), the competent
authority should make provision for the establishment of occu-
pational health services:
a) by laws or regulations;
b) by collective agreements or as otherwise agreed upon by the
employers and workers concerned; or
c) in any other manner approved by the competent authority
after consultation with the representative organizations of
employers and workers concerned.
2. Occupational health services may be organized as a ser-
vice for a single facility or as a service common to a number of
facilities, as appropriate, and by:
a) facilities or groups of facilities concerned;
b) public authorities or official services; or
c) social security institutions or any bodies authorized by the
competent authority.
3. The employer, in consultation with workers and their
representatives, should provide for the setting up of, or access
to, an occupational health service whose basic function, objec-
tive and operation in the establishment should be preventive
and supportive to the employer, in particular regarding:
a) the identification and assessment of the risks from health
hazards in the workplace;
49
b) surveillance of the factors in the working environment

(see Appendix II) and working practices which may affect
workers’ health, including sanitary installations, canteens
and housing, where these facilities are provided by the
employer;
c) advice on the planning and organization of work, including Contents
the design of workplaces, working time flexibility, on the

choice, maintenance and condition of machinery and other
equipment, and on substances used in work;
d) participation in the development of programmes for the
improvement of working practices, as well as testing and
evaluation of health aspects of new equipment;
e) advice on occupational health, safety and hygiene and on
ergonomics and personal and collective protective equip-
ment that is adapted for both women and men;
f) surveillance of workers’ health in relation to work (see
Appendix I);
g) the adaptation of work to the worker;
h) the contribution to measures of vocational rehabilitation;
i) collaboration in providing information, training and educa-
tion in the fields of OSH, hygiene and ergonomics;
j) the organizing of first aid and emergency treatment; and
k) participation in analysis of occupational incidents, accidents
and diseases.
4. A multiplicity of health hazards is present in ship-
building and ship repair work and every effort should be made
to promote awareness of this fact and of the need to safeguard
health.
5. All workers should be subject to health surveillance
which should be provided in line with the ILO Technical and
50
6. Safety and health organization
ethical guidelines for workers’ health surveillance (1998) and as

prescribed by national laws and regulations. These guidelines
require arrangements, in particular regarding the following
activities (see Appendix I):
a) organization of workers’ health surveillance at different
levels; Contents
b) health assessments and collection, analysis and evaluation of

information;
c) pre-assignment, regular and post-employment medical
examinations; and
d) use of the results and records of workers’ health surveillance.
6. The surveillance of the working environment and plan-
ning of safety and health precautions should be performed in
line with the requirements in Appendix II of these guidelines
and as prescribed by national laws and regulations.
6.2. Safety and health officers
1. In every shipbuilding and ship repair facility the
employer should appoint (a) safety and health officer(s) to be
in charge of all matters relating to safety and hygiene on the
project.
2. All safety and health officers should have qualifications
and training to perform this role.
3. At all shipbuilding and ship repair facilities at which a
minimum number of workers, as prescribed by national laws or
regulations, is regularly employed, the safety and health officer
should be employed full time on safety and health activities.
4. Safety and health officers should assist management
in the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases, and
should in particular:
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2.

General obligations, responsibilities, duties and rights

9. The competent authority should establish, apply, and

1. Inspectorates designated by the competent authority

c) notify the employer, the workers concerned and their rep-

e) periodically determine whether an existing OSH manage-

3. Employers should set out in writing their respective

4. Employers, in consultation with workers and their rep-

d) education and training to managers, supervisors and

f) investigate accidents, illnesses and incidents, in cooperation

of special hazards. They should also make available to the rep-

to those concerned any special hazards and related protective

13. Whenever two or more employers undertake activities

19. When managers or supervisors observe non-compli-

nication and coordination between appropriate levels of the

could present a hazard or risk to their safety or health or

the employer and workers, and to participate with the safety

b) inquire into and receive information from the employer

c) take adequate precautions, in cooperation with their

10. Workers have the right:

inadequate for the purpose of ensuring OSH at work;

12. Workers who justifiably take those actions specified in

where necessary, retraining in the most effective methods avail-

and regulations or internationally recognized instruments

ii) information concerning the hazards of machinery and

a) include the contractor and subcontractor performing a risk

selecting contractors and subcontractors;

a) contractors and subcontractors develop a safety and health

2.2.1, paragraph 7, apply to contractors and subcontractors

3.1. Introduction Contents

1. The process of improving working conditions at a

Figure 1. Main elements of the OSH management system

3.2. Occupational safety and health policy

c) communicated and readily accessible to all persons at their

trained on all aspects of OSH, including emergency arrange-

improvement of the OSH management system.

3.4. Hazard identification, risk assessment

these hazards and risks to safety and health at each perma-

both women and men and at no cost to workers, and imple-

i) the inspection, maintenance, testing, repair and replace-

in technology, knowledge and experiences nationally and

a) ensure that the necessary information, internal communica-

c) address first aid and medical assistance, firefighting and

d) procedures to account for all workers after the emergency

sons engaged in work in the facility, at all levels, including

7. The necessary and most recent information, as well

capable, among others, of:

facilities should be established and based on the provisions of

ning in Chapters 8 and 9 of the ILO code of practice on pre-

5. Suitable rescue and resuscitation equipment, as

scribed items, should be provided and be readily accessible at

10. A first-aid register should be kept at the shipbuilding

1. The impact on OSH of internal changes (for example

example as a result of amendments of national laws and reg-

deadline or instances where a procedure is identified as

assessment before proceeding. This provides an opportunity for

5.1. General provisions

d) evolve effective and inclusive methods for dealing with