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    Chapter 9 SOIL

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    zahran0zannu01
    This document discusses soil, including its formation, composition, layers, properties, and types. It defines key terms like weathering, soil profile, and humus. It describes the layers that make up soil - the topsoil, subsoil, substratum, and bedrock. It lists properties of soil like containing air, water, and its ability to absorb and percolate water. It compares different soil types like sandy, clayey, and loamy soil and their characteristics. It discusses how soil erosion can be prevented and assignments related to soil pollutants, vegetation factors, suitable crops for soil types, and climatic effects on soil profile.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 9 SOIL

    Uploaded by

    zahran0zannu01
    16 views2 pages
    This document discusses soil, including its formation, composition, layers, properties, and types. It defines key terms like weathering, soil profile, and humus. It describes the layers that make up soil - the topsoil, subsoil, substratum, and bedrock. It lists properties of soil like containing air, water, and its ability to absorb and percolate water. It compares different soil types like sandy, clayey, and loamy soil and their characteristics. It discusses how soil erosion can be prevented and assignments related to soil pollutants, vegetation factors, suitable crops for soil types, and climatic effects on soil profile.

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    soil chapter 9

    Original Title

    Chapter 9 SOIL

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    This document discusses soil, including its formation, composition, layers, properties, and types. It defines key terms like weathering, soil profile, and humus. It describes the layers that make up soil - the topsoil, subsoil, substratum, and bedrock. It lists properties of soil like containing air, water, and its ability to absorb and percolate water. It compares different soil types like sandy, clayey, and loamy soil and their characteristics. It discusses how soil erosion can be prevented and assignments related to soil pollutants, vegetation factors, suitable crops for soil types, and climatic effects on soil profile.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views2 pages

    Chapter 9 SOIL

    Uploaded by

    zahran0zannu01
    This document discusses soil, including its formation, composition, layers, properties, and types. It defines key terms like weathering, soil profile, and humus. It describes the layers that make up soil - the topsoil, subsoil, substratum, and bedrock. It lists properties of soil like containing air, water, and its ability to absorb and percolate water. It compares different soil types like sandy, clayey, and loamy soil and their characteristics. It discusses how soil erosion can be prevented and assignments related to soil pollutants, vegetation factors, suitable crops for soil types, and climatic effects on soil profile.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Chapter 9 SOIL

    1. What do you mean by


    a. weathering
    Ans. The breaking down of rocks by the action of sun’s heat , wind , water and climate is called weathering of
    rocks.
    b. Soil Profile
    Ans. It is a vertical section through different layers of soil .
    c. Humus
    Ans. The organic matter formed by the rotting of dead plants and animals in soil is called humus .
    d. Soil
    Ans. The mixture of rock particles and humus is called soil .

    2. We should not throw polythene bags and plastic in the soil . Why ?
    Ans. Polythene bags and plastic pollute the soil and kill organisms living in the soil. They can also choke the
    cattle grazing in that area.

    3. Soil is an inseparable part of life . Explain.


    Ans. i) It supports the growth of plants by holding the roots firmly and by supplying the water and nutrients.
    ii) It is a home for many organisms.
    iii) It is essential for agriculture which provides food , shelter and clothing for all.
    iv) It is used to make bricks for building houses .
    v) It is used to make earthenware , crockery , toys statues etc.

    4. Give a short description of different layers of soil .


    Ans. A- Horizon or top soil : (i) It is dark in colour as it is rich in humus and minerals.
    (ii) This layer is soft , porous and can retain more water .
    (iii) This layer provides shelter for living organisms like worms & rodents.
    B- Horizon or sub soil : (i) This layer is harder and more compact .
    (ii) This layer has lesser amount of humus but more of minerals.
    C-Horizon or sub – stratum : This layer is made out of small lumps of rocks with cracks and crevices.
    Bed rock or parent rock : This layer is hard and difficult to dig.

    5. State the properties of soil .


    Ans. (i) Soil contains air .
    (ii) Soil contains water .
    (iii) Soil can absorb water.
    (iv) Soil allows water to percolate .

    6. List the features of different types of soil .


    Ans.
    Sandy soil Clayey soil Loamy soil
    Particles are quite large Particles are much smaller Has the mixture of sand , clay , silt
    and humus in the right proportion.
    Light , well aerated and dry Heavy , less aerated and wet Has adequate air space between it’s
    particles
    Percolation rate is high Percolation rate is least Percolation rate is adequate
    Water can drain quickly They hold more water They hold right amount of water.
    Less fertile More fertile than sandy soil Most fertile soil

    7. The air above the farmland is shimmering during the hot summer. Why ?
    Ans. On a hot summer day , the water vapour coming out of the soil reflects the sunlight and the air above the
    soil seems to shimmer .

    8. What is soil erosion ? How can we prevent it ?


    Ans. The removal of top soil by wind and water is called soil erosion. It can be prevented by
    (i)Prevent deforestation
    (ii)Encourage afforestation

    9. Sketch the cross section of the soil and label the various layers .

    ASSIGNMENTS
    1. Name the pollutants in the soil .
    2. What are the factors that decides the type of vegetation and crops that can be grown in any region ?
    3. Give reasons :
    (i) Loamy soil is best suited for lentils.
    (ii) Wheat is grown in clayey soil .
    4. Name the climatic factors that affect the soil profile .

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