Q4-WEEK 5-Conservation of Mechanical Energy

WORK, POWER and ENERGY
At the end of the lesson, the students

should be able to:
perform activities to demonstrate

conservation of mechanical energy.
When a force acts upon an object to cause a
displacement of the object, it is said that work was
done upon the object. There are three
key ingredients to work - force, displacement, and
cause. In order for a force to qualify as having
done work on an object, there must be a
displacement and the force must cause the
displacement.
W = Fd
F = 36 N
d=5m
W = Fd
W = (36)(5)
W = 180 N.m or 180 J
Power is the rate at which work is done or
the rate at which energy is transferred from
one place to another or transformed from
one type to another.
P = W/t
P=W/t
P = Fd / t P = 20 N.m / s
P = (15)(8) / 6
P = (15)(8) / 6
Energy is defined as
the “ability to do
work”, which is the
ability to exert a force
causing displacement
of an object.”
energy is just the
force that causes
things to move.
All objects regardless
of their state of
motion (at rest or
moving) possess a
certain amount of
energy. You cannot
do anything without
energy. You exert
energy while you are
sitting, while you are
walking or even while
you are sleeping.
Apart from that, energy can be
transformed from one form to another. In
such transformations, energy is said to be
conserved.
One form of energy is mechanical energy.
Mechanical energy is energy acquired by objects
upon which work is done. This form of energy
closely relates to the elementary definition of
energy which is the capacity to do work. There are
two kinds of mechanical energy.
1. Potential Energy is energy possessed by
objects at rest. It has two kinds.
A. Gravitational
Potential Energy is the
energy possessed by
an object because of
its location or position.
For example, a book
on top of the table,
and car parked on a
ramp.
B. Elastic Potential
Energy is the energy
stored in a stretched
or compressed elastic
material such as
spring. For example,
the spring on the
handle of a pinball
machine has more
energy when
compressed than
when in a relaxed
position.
2. Kinetic Energy is the energy possessed by an
object by virtue of its motion. Examples of which
are a bullet in motion, stream of flowing water, rock
falling off a cliff, roller coaster.
The Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy states
that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It
can only be transformed from one form to another
At point A, the potential
energy of the pendulum
is maximum because of
its height while the
kinetic energy is zero
since it is held at rest.
When it is released, the
potential from point A to
point B decreases
because of a decrease
in height while the
kinetic energy increases
due to the movement of
the pendulum.
At point B, the kinetic
energy is now maximum,
while the potential
energy is minimum. Then
it swings to point C, with
decreasing kinetic
energy and increasing
potential energy due to
it being at a higher
position. Then at point C,
the potential energy is
again maximum, while
the kinetic energy is zero,
just like it is at point A.
As the pendulum moves continuously back and
forth, the height reached decreases because
other factors (friction, air resistance) cause some
mechanical energy to be transformed, until it
eventually stops.
When a body is raised to a certain height,
the gravitational potential energy increases
and when it is released, the kinetic energy
increases during its course of movement.
The total mechanical energy of an object is
equal to the sum of the potential energy
and kinetic energy if friction is negligible.
Total Energy = Potential Energy + Kinetic Energy
T.E. = P.E. + K.E.

The unit of energy is Joule, J
The gravitational potential energy of an
object is determined by this equation:
𝐺𝑃𝐸 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
where m is the mass of the object, g is

acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²)
and h is the height or elevation of the
object.
The kinetic energy of an object in motion is
determined by the formula:
𝐾𝐸 = 1/2 𝑚𝑣²
where m is the mass of the object and v

is its velocity
Consider the figure below. At point A, if
the ball has a mass of 0.1 kg, the
gravitational potential energy it contains is
______.
= (0.1 𝑘𝑔) (9.8 𝑚/s² ) (10 𝑚)
= 9.8 𝐽
Since the ball is at rest, it has no kinetic energy and
thus the total mechanical energy of the ball is also
9.8 J.
If the ball moves downhill, some gravitational

potential energy gets transformed to kinetic
energy. At point B, the gravitational potential
energy decreases.
= (0.1 𝑘𝑔) (9.8 𝑚 𝑠 2 ) (8 𝑚)
= 7.84 𝐽
But since the total mechanical energy is

constant, the kinetic energy of the ball is …
𝑇𝐸 = 𝑃𝐸 + 𝐾E
9.8 𝐽 = 7.84 𝐽 + 𝐾E
KE = 1.96 𝐽
Total Kinetic Potential Kinetic Energy
Energy Energy
23.4 J 12.2 J
_____________ 11.2 J
11.65 J 7.83 J _____________

3.82 J
14.92 J
____________ 4.5 J 10.42 J
16.2 J 8.08 J
_____________ 8.12 J
13.7 J 9.04 J 4.66 J

____________
1. A child slides down a playground slide. If the
slide is 3 m high and the child weighs 300 N, how
much potential energy does the child have at the
top of the slide?
w = mg
a.0 J
b.100 J g g
c.300 J m = 300 N / 9.8 m/s²
d.900 J m = 30.612 kg
? = 𝑚 (9.8 m/s²) (3 m)
? = 30.612 kg (9.8 m/s²) (3 m)
GPE = 900 J
2. A 0.2 kg apple on an apple tree has a
potential energy of 10 J. It falls to the ground,
converting all of its PE to kinetic energy. What is
the velocity of the apple just before it hits the
ground?
a.0 m/s
b.2 m/s
c.10 m/s
d.50 m/s
𝐾𝐸 = 1/2 𝑚𝑣²
(2) 𝐾𝐸 = 1/2 𝑚𝑣² (2)
2𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣²
2𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣²
m m
√ √ 𝑣² = 2KE
m
√m
𝑣 = 2KE
2. A 0.2 kg apple on an apple tree has a
potential energy of 10 J. It falls to the ground,
converting all of its PE to kinetic energy. What is
the velocity of the apple just before it hits the
ground?
a.0 m/s
√
𝑣 = 2KE b.2 m/s
m c.10 m/s
d.50 m/s
√ 0.2 kg
𝑣 = 2 (10 J)
v = 10 m/s

Q4-WEEK 5-Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Q4-WEEK 5-Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Q4-WEEK 5-Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WORK, POWER and ENERGY

At the end of the lesson, the students

perform activities to demonstrate

Total Energy = Potential Energy + Kinetic Energy

T.E. = P.E. + K.E.

where m is the mass of the object, g is

where m is the mass of the object and v

If the ball moves downhill, some gravitational

But since the total mechanical energy is

11.65 J 7.83 J _____________

13.7 J 9.04 J 4.66 J

You might also like