Biology Exploring The Diversity of Life 2nd Edition
Biology Exploring The Diversity of Life 2nd Edition
Biology Exploring The Diversity of Life 2nd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
3. What are the reactants and products that link the light-dependent and the light-independent
reactions of photosynthesis?
a. CO2 and NADPH
b. ATP and NADH
c. ATP and NADPH
d. FADH2 and CO2
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figure 7.2 | p. 140
TOP: 7.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS: AN OVERVIEW BLM: Knowledge
4. What is the primary difference between NAD+ and NADP+ (shown in the above figure)?
a. Both function as electron carriers, but NADP+ has a third phosphate group and
NAD+ does not.
b. NAD+ functions as an electron transporter, whereas NADP+ does not.
c. Both transport electrons to the electron transport chain (ETC) found on the inner
mitochondrial membrane, but NADP+ transfers its electrons to the ETC at a higher
energy level.
d. NAD+ functions as an electron transporter in chloroplasts while NADP+ functions
as an electron transporter in mitochondria.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 140-146
TOP: 7.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS: AN OVERVIEW | 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS
BLM: Comprehension
11. In the above figure, what absorbs photons of both blue and red light?
a. diagram 5, regardless of the R group
b. diagram 6
c. diagram 5 with diagram 3
d. diagram 5 with diagram 4
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Figure 7.6 | p. 143
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS BLM: Knowledge
12. In the above figure, what absorbs photons of light only in the blue/violet range but NOT
photons of light in the red portion of the spectrum?
a. diagram 5 with diagram 4
b. diagram 7
c. diagram 5 with diagram 3
d. diagram 6
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Figure 7.5 | p. 143
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS BLM: Knowledge
13. In the above figure, which diagram is the hydrophobic side chain of chlorophyll?
a. diagram 5, regardless of the R group
b. diagram 5 with diagram 3
c. diagram 5 with diagram 4
d. diagram 6
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Figure 7.6 | p. 143
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS BLM: Knowledge
16. In Engelmann’s classic experiment, why were the oxygen-requiring bacteria clustered around
the regions of Spirogyra algae that were bathed in red, blue, and violet light?
a. because photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more
oxygen is consumed by the algae in those regions
b. because chlorophyll is green and thus reflects green light
c. because photosynthesis is most active in those wavelengths of light and thus more
oxygen is produced by the algae in those regions
d. because the bacteria were immobile and that is where Engelmann happened to
place them
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Figure 7.8 | p. 144
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS BLM: Knowledge
17. Suppose you explored a new planet and found a photosynthetic organism unlike any on Earth.
Also suppose that you repeat Engelmann’s classic experiment using this new organism in
place of Spirogyra and find that oxygen-dependent bacteria cluster near the green and yellow
portions of the spectrum. Which statement summarizes what you have learned?
a. This organism is green, just like plants on Earth.
b. This organism utilizes the most energy-rich photons of the spectrum.
c. The sun of this new planet emits different wavelengths of light than those emitted
by Earth’s sun.
d. This new organism is using yellow and green light to drive photosynthesis.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figure 7.8 | p. 144
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS BLM: Application
18. Why is the molecule of chlorophyll a in photosystem II’s reaction centre known as P680?
a. because it absorbs 680 photons per minute
b. because it will generate 680 molecules of ATP per photon absorbed
c. because it absorbs photons with a wavelength of 680 nm
d. because exactly 680 accessory pigments are in the photosystem
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 147
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS BLM: Knowledge
19. Why is the molecule of chlorophyll a in photosystem I’s reaction centre known as P700?
a. because 700 molecules of NADPH are generated per photon of light absorbed
b. because it absorbs 700 photons per minute
c. because exactly 700 accessory pigments are in the photosystem
d. because it absorbs photons with a wavelength of 700 nm
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 147
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS BLM: Knowledge
20. Which thylakoid membrane component oxidizes when photosystem I absorbs light energy?
a. NADP+ reductase
b. P700
c. plastocyanin
d. P680
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figure 7.11 | p. 147
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS BLM: Knowledge
21. Which thylakoid membrane component does photosystem I draw its electrons from?
a. from NADP + reducatase
b. from plastocyanin
c. from photosystem II
d. from water
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figure 7.11 | p. 147
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS BLM: Knowledge
22. To which thylakoid membrane does Photosystem II donate the electrons it acquires from
water?
a. photosystem I
b. plastoquinone
c. cytochrome complex
d. cytochrome c
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figure 7.11 | p. 147
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS BLM: Knowledge
23. Which phrase best explains why the light reactions have both cyclic and noncyclic electron
pathways?
a. to ensure that ATP and NAPDH are generated in a 1:1 molar ratio
b. because only the combination of pathways can generate sufficient NADPH for the
light-independent reactions
c. to provide more electrons from water than would be released by the noncyclic
pathway
d. because the light-independent reactions require ATP and NADPH in different
amounts than are generated by noncyclic electron flow
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
REF: Figure 7.11 | p. 147 | Figure 7.14 | p. 149
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS BLM: Comprehension
24. In the above figure, which group of plants was given treatment I?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 149-152
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE
BLM: Application
25. In the above figure, which group of plants was given treatment II?
a. 4
b. 2
c. 1
d. 3
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 149-152
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE
BLM: Application
26. In the above figure, which group of plants was given treatment III?
a. 2
b. 1
c. 3
d. 4
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 149-152
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE
BLM: Application
27. In the above figure, which group of plants was given treatment IV?
a. 2
b. 1
c. 3
d. 4
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 149-152
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE
BLM: Application
28. In the above figure, which group of plants was given treatment V?
a. 4
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 149-152
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE
BLM: Application
29. Which products of the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle?
a. ATP and NADPH
b. CO2 and RuBP
c. water, O2, ATP
d. electrons and photons
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 149-152
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE
BLM: Comprehension
30. If chloroplasts are put in the dark, what must they be provided with in order to continue
making sugar?
a. CO2 and ATP
b. NADPH and ATP
c. NADPH, ATP, and CO2
d. NADPH, CO2, and ATP
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 149-152
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE
BLM: Application
31. Which Calvin cycle products are used in the light reactions?
a. G3P, ATP, and NADPH
b. electrons from CO2
c. ADP, Pi, and NADP+
d. O2, water, and ATP
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 149-152
TOP: 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE
BLM: Knowledge
32. Standard photosynthesis (C3) plants are more susceptible to photorespiration than either C4 or
CAM plants. So, why do most plants lack the C4 pathway?
a. because rubisco is more efficient in C3 plants when compared to rubisco C4 and
CAM plants
b. because C4 and CAM pathways have an energetic cost that makes them
advantageous in only very hot and/or arid environments
c. because photorespiration is not a serious problem for most plants
d. because most plant species do not have vacuoles in their cells to store the malate
generated from CO2 taken in during the night
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Sections 7.4-7.5 | p. 149-157
TOP: 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE | 7.5 PHOTORESPIRATION AND CO2-CONCENTRATING
MECHANISMS BLM: Comprehension
34. The Calvin cycle consumes CO2 and produces which of the following products?
a. ATP
b. G3P
c. NADPH
d. rubisco
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Figure 7.15 | p. 151
TOP: 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
36. Which complex organic molecule is a major product of the Calvin cycle?
a. ATP
b. CO2
c. rubisco
d. G3P
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Figure 7.14 | p. 151
TOP: 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
37. Suppose that photosynthetic eukaryotic cells are provided with CO2 synthesized with heavy
oxygen (18O). Then suppose that the 18O label will be found in all but one compound. What is
that compound?
a. glucose
b. O2 gas
c. cellulose
d. 3-phosphoglycerate
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: Figure 7.14 | p. 151
TOP: 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Application
38. Suppose that you extract all of the proteins of a leaf and measure the percentage that is
rubisco. What percentage of the leaf proteins will the rubisco comprise?
a. 50
b. 10
c. 25
d. 75
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: p. 152
TOP: 7.4 THE CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
39. Which phrase describes the product of the addition of O2 to RuBP by rubisco?
a. one molecule of G3P
b. one molecule of 3PGA and one molecule of phosphoglycolate
c. two molecules of phosphoglycolate
d. three molecules of 3PGA
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: Figure 7.17 | p. 153
TOP: 7.5 PHOTORESPIRATION AND CO2-CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS
BLM: Knowledge
44. Suppose that you are a botanist looking for new species of C4 plants. Where should you focus
your search?
a. in Arizona
b. in the Florida Everglades
c. in an equatorial rainforest
d. in Nova Scotia
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult REF: p. 156
TOP: 7.5 PHOTORESPIRATION AND CO2-CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS
BLM: Application
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. The process of photosynthesis, including all of the enzymes and chemical intermediates, is
completely understood.
ANS: F, incompletely
ANS: F, primary
4. The arrangement of photosystems I and II in the thylakoid membrane is exactly like that
drawn in the Z-pathway of most textbooks.
ANS: F, sequence of use
6. Glycolate is released into the atmosphere to prevent it from killing the plant.
ANS: F, microbodies
MATCHING
1. photosystems
2. photophosphorylation
3. stromal lamellae
4. malate
5. inductive resonance
6. photoautotrophs
7. stroma
8. photorespiration
1. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 142-152
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS | 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE
CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
2. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 142-152
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS | 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE
CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
3. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 142-152
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS | 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE
CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
4. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 142-152
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS | 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE
CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
5. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 142-152
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS | 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE
CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
6. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 142-152
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS | 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE
CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
7. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 142-152
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS | 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE
CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
8. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 142-152
TOP: 7.2 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS | 7.3 THE LIGHT REACTIONS | 7.4 THE
CALVIN CYCLE BLM: Knowledge
Match the name of the process to its description for the following question(s).
a. noncyclic electron flow
b. cyclic electron flow
c. carbon fixation stage of the Calvin cycle
d. carbon reduction stage of Calvin cycle
e. RuBP regeneration stage of Calvin cycle
27. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
28. ANS: E PTS: 0 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
29. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
30. ANS: D PTS: 0 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
31. ANS: D PTS: 0 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
32. ANS: B PTS: 0 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
33. ANS: D PTS: 0 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
34. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
35. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
36. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
37. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
38. ANS: A PTS: 0 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
39. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
40. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
41. ANS: D PTS: 0 DIF: Moderate REF: Figures 7.3 -7.4 | p. 141-142
BLM: Comprehension
SHORT ANSWER
1. Explain why we say nearly all life on Earth ultimately depends on the sun for energy.
ANS:
Photosynthetic organisms convert light energy into chemical energy. While the photosynthetic
organisms use this chemical energy to drive their own cellular processes, other organisms
consume plants (or consume the herbivores that consumed the plants) to acquire chemical
energy. Through this process, nearly all organisms on Earth can trace their energy back to the
original photosynthetic process, which was dependent on sunlight.
ESSAY
1. Compare and contrast the role of O2 and H2O in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Biology: Exploring the Diversity of Life, 2nd Edition
ANS:
The role of oxygen gas and water are almost the reverse in the two processes. In cellular
respiration, electrons from the electron transport chain are put onto oxygen gas. This attracts
protons and creates water. In photosynthesis, water is used as a source of electrons, releasing
oxygen into the atmosphere while the protons are kept and used in production of a sugar.
2. What are some of the problems that must be addressed when planting C3 plants in hot, arid
climates for ornamental purposes?
ANS:
C3 plants are prone to photorespiration, especially at high temperatures or in arid climates. In
order to allow these plants to survive, they must be provided with a reliable, adequate water
supply. Protection from intense sunlight should be considered and can be accomplished by
positioning plants in areas where they will get morning or evening light, but be in partial
shade during the afternoon.
3. Explain why it is important, from a global standpoint, to try to improve the efficiency of
photosynthesis in common crops. Specify which aspect(s) of photosynthesis we should target.
ANS:
The land available for agriculture is limited and the population of the planet continues to
increase. By understanding how plants can become more efficient in photosynthesis, the
harvest of a set area of land could be increased. This would allow us to better utilize the land
available.