Chapter 6 Structural Analysis - 2
Chapter 6 Structural Analysis - 2
Chapter 6 Structural Analysis - 2
Engineering Mechanics I
Chapter -6-
Structural Analysis
Chapter Objectives
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Chapter Outline
Simple Trusses
The Method of Joints
Zero-Force Members
The Method of Sections
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Planar Trusses
The analysis of the forces developed in the
truss members is 2D.
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Simple Truss
To prevent collapse, the form
of a truss must be rigid.
The four bar shape ABCD will
collapse unless a diagonal
member AC is added for
support.
The simplest form that is rigid
or stable is a triangle.
Simple Truss
A simple truss is
constructed starting
with a basic triangular
element such as ABC
and connecting two
members (AD and BD)
to form an additional
element.
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Example 6.1
Determine the force in each member of the
truss and indicate whether the members are
in tension or compression.
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Solution
Two unknown member forces at joint B.
One unknown reaction force at joint C.
Two unknown member forces and two
unknown reaction forces at point A.
Solution
Joint B
Fx 0;
500 N FBC sin 45 N 0
FBC 707.1N (C )
Fy 0;
FBC cos 45 N FBA 0
FBA 500 N (T )
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Solution
Joint C
Fx 0;
FCA 707.1cos 45 N 0
FCA 500 N (T )
Fy 0;
C y 707.1sin 45 N 0
C y 500 N
Solution
Joint A
Fx 0;
500 N Ax 0
Ax 500 N
Fy 0;
500 N Ay 0
Ay 500 N
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Example 6.2
Determine the force in each member of the truss, and
state if the members are in tension or compression.
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Example 6.3
Determine the forces acting in all the members
of the truss.
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Solution
Two unknowns at each joint.
Support reactions on the truss must be
determined.
Solution
Joint C
Fx 0;
FCD cos 30 kN FCB sin 45 kN 0
Fy 0;
1.5kN FCD sin 30 kN FCB cos 45 kN 0
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Solution
Joint C
Fx ' 0;
1.5 cos 30 kN FCB sin 15 kN 0
FCB 5.02kN
Fy '' 0;
1.5 cos 30 kN FCD sin 15 kN 0
FCD 4.10kN
Solution
Joint D
Fx 0;
FDA cos 30 kN 4.10 cos 30 kN 0
FDA 4.10kN (T )
Fy 0;
FDB 2(4.10 sin 30 kN ) 0
FDB 4.10kN (T )
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Solution
From the FBD of joint B, sum the forces in the
horizontal direction.
FBA = 0.776kN (C)
Example 6.4
Determine the force in each member of the
truss. Indicate whether the members are in
tension or compression.
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Solution
Support Reactions
Fx 0;600 N C x 0
C x 600 N
M C 0; Ay (6m) 400 N (3m) 600 N (4m) 0
Ay 600 N
Fy 0; FDB 2(4.10 sin 30 ) 0
FDB 4.10kN (T )
Solution
Joint A
Fx 0;
3
FAD (750 N ) 0
5
FAD 450 N (T )
Fy 0;
4
600 N FAB 0
5
FAB 750 N (C )
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Solution
Joint D
Fx 0;
3
450 N FDB 600 N 0
5
FDB 250 N
Negative sign: reverse sense of FDB
FDB 250 N (T )
Fy 0;
4
FDC (250 N ) 0
5
FDC 200 N (C )
Solution
Joint C
Fx 0;
FCB 600 N 0
FCB 600 N (C )
Fy 0;
200 N 200 N 0(check )
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Solution
FBD
Problem 6.5
Determine the force in each member of the Pratt
bridge truss shown. State whether each member is in
tension or compression.
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Ay
FAB
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Joint D
Fx 0; FDF 0
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Fy 0; FFC cos 0
90 , FFC 0
Joint B
Fx 0;2kN FBH 0
FBH 2kN (C )
Solution
FHC satisfy ∑Fy = 0 and therefore HC is not a
zero-force member.
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Example 6.7
Determine the force in members GE, GC, and
BC of the truss. Indicate whether the
members are in tension or compression.
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Solution
Choose section aa since it cuts through the
three members
FBD of the entire truss
Solution
Fx 0;400 N Ax 0
Ax 400 N
M A 0;
1200 N (8m) 400 N (3m) D y (12m) 0
D y 900 N
Fy 0;
Ay 1200 N 900 N 0
Ay 300 N
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Solution
FBD of the sectioned truss
Solution
M G 0;
300 N (4m) 400 N (3m) FBC (3m) 0
FBC 800 N (T )
M C 0;
300 N (8m) FGE (3m) 0
FGE 800 N (C )
Fy 0;
3
300 N FGC 0
5
FGC 500 N (T )
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Solution
FBD of the entire truss
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Solution
Equations of Equilibrium
For location of O measured from E
4 / (4 + x) = 6 / (8 + x)
x = 4m
Principle of Transmissibility
M O 0;
FCF sin 45 (12m) (3kN )(8m) (4.75kN )(4m) 0
FCF 0.589kN (C )
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Example 6.9
Determine the force in member EB of the roof
truss. Indicate whether the member are in
tension or compression.
Solution
FBD of the sectioned truss
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Solution
Force system is concurrent.
Sectioned FBD is same as the FBD for the pin
at E (method of joints).
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Homework 1
Homework 2
Determine the force in members BG, BC, and HG of
the truss and state if the members are in tension or
compression.
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Homework 3
Determine the force in members IC and CG of the truss and
state if these members are in tension or compression. Also,
indicate all zero-force members.
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