Earth-Moving Machinery - Safety - : Part 4: Requirements For Backhoe Loaders
Earth-Moving Machinery - Safety - : Part 4: Requirements For Backhoe Loaders
Earth-Moving Machinery - Safety - : Part 4: Requirements For Backhoe Loaders
474-4:2006
+A2:2012
Earth-moving
machinery — Safety —
Part 4: Requirements for backhoe
loaders
ICS 53.100
BS EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012
National foreword
English Version
Engins de terrassement - Sécurité - Partie 4: Prescriptions Erdbaumaschinen - Sicherheit - Teil 4: Anforderungen für
applicables aux chargeuses-pelleteuses Baggerlader
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 April 2006 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 20 December 2008 and
Amendment 2 approved by CEN on 22 November 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012
EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................5
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................5
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6
4 List of additional significant hazards ..................................................................................................6
5 Safety requirements and/or measures ................................................................................................6
5.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................6
5.2 Protection ...............................................................................................................................................6
5.3 Operator's station ..................................................................................................................................7
5.4 Warning devices ....................................................................................................................................8
5.5 Stability ...................................................................................................................................................8
5.6 Travelling and transportation ............................................................................................................ 13
6 Information for use ............................................................................................................................. 13
Annex A (normative) List of additional significant hazards – Backhoe loaders ...................................... 14
Annex B (normative) Test method for backhoe loader lift capacity at the backhoe portion .................. 16
Annex C (informative) Illustrations ............................................................................................................... 19
Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"
" .................................................................................. 22
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
Figures
Tables
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 151
“Construction equipment and building material machines — Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by July 2012.
This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-12-20 and Amendment 2, approved by
CEN on 2011-11-22.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! " and
#$.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive.
#For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.$
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
Introduction
This part of EN 474 is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1:2003.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this European Standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
1 Scope
This part of EN 474 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to wheel and
crawler backhoe loaders as defined in EN ISO 6165:2006, when they are used as intended and under
conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Clause 4).
This part also deals with fork application, object handling application and log handling.
The requirements of this part are complementary to the common requirements formulated in
!EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009".
This does not repeat the requirements from !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009", but adds or replaces the
requirements for application for backhoe loaders.
This part specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant
hazards, hazardous situations and events during commissioning, operation and maintenance of backhoe
loaders.
This European Standard is not applicable to machinery manufactured before the date of publication of this
European Standard by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
!EN ISO 3449:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Falling-object protective structures - Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005) "
!EN ISO 6682:2008", Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls
(ISO 6682:1986 including Amendment 1:1989)
!EN ISO 7096:2008", Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
(ISO 7096:2000)
EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003)
ISO 2330:2002, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
!ISO 6016:2008", Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines,
their equipment and components
!ISO 7451:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of
hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders"
!ISO 7546:1983", Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric
ratings
ISO 8643:1997, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-lowering control
device — Requirements and tests
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
ISO 9248:1992, Earth-moving machinery — Units for dimensions, performance and capacities, and their
measurement accuracies
!ISO 14397-1:2007", Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 1: Calculation of
rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load
NOTE 1 Terminology for backhoe loaders is specified in ISO 8812:1999 and most common backhoe loaders are
illustrated in Annex C of this European Standard.
NOTE 2 Definitions used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this European Standard are also valid for this
document.
3.1
backhoe loader
self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine having a main frame designed to carry both front-mounted
equipment and rear-mounted backhoe equipment, normally with stabilisers or outriggers (see
EN ISO 6165:2006)
NOTE 1 When used in backhoe mode, the machine is stationary and normally digs below ground level, but when used
in loader mode (bucket use), the machine loads through forward motion.
NOTE 2 A backhoe work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging and discharging material. A loader
work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging material.
3.2
compact backhoe loader
backhoe loader with an operating mass (see !ISO 6016:2008") of 4 500 kg or less, designed to work in
confined spaces with the associated needs for greater manoeuvrability
NOTE Annex A (normative) contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are
dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which
require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
5.1 General
Backhoe loaders shall comply with the requirements of !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009", as far as not modified
or replaced by the requirements of this part.
5.2 Protection
!EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009", 5.3.3 applies with the following addition for compact backhoe loaders:
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
The portion of deflection-limiting volume (DLV) above the LA (SIP) line according to !EN ISO 3164:2008"
°
is allowed to deviate (lean) up to 15 laterally as shown in Figure 1, when the minimum energy requirement is
met. Portion below the LA (SIP) line of DLV can be disregarded.
Key
1 up to 15°
2 LA
3 Seat index point (SIP)
!EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009, 5.3.4 applies with the following additions for backhoe loaders. Machines with an
operating mass less than or equal to 700 kg according to ISO 6016:2008 shall be fitted with a falling-object
protective structure (FOPS), when they are intended for applications where there is a risk of falling objects. If
FOPS is fitted, it shall meet the performance requirements of EN ISO 3449:2008 Level 1."
On backhoe loaders with retractable rear window, the cab height above SIP shall not be less than 920 mm
measured with the window retracted into the cab.
NOTE This requirement is at present under consideration. In the future this exception will disappear.
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
on backhoe loaders equipped with outriggers, an acoustic and visual warning device shall be installed to
warn the operator when the travel motion is engaged with lowered outriggers;
NOTE Preferably an interlocking device should be provided, which makes it impossible to raise the outriggers if
the travel motion is engaged.
if the backhoe loader is provided with an alternative operator position with alternative travel controls, there
shall also be control devices for braking and steering at this alternative position, which meet the
performance requirements for the primary functions.
!EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009", 5.4.1, applies with the addition that the seat shall meet the requirements of
the following input spectral class according to !EN ISO 7096:2008":
!EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009", 5.9, first indent, applies with the addition that the sound level shall also be
greater than or equal to 93 dB (A) at 7 m distance from backhoe swing centre to the rear. The operator shall
be able to activate the warning device also from the backhoe operation position.
5.5 Stability
5.5.1 General
!EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009", 5.11 applies with the additions given in 5.5.2 to !5.5.3" below.
All rated capacities as defined hereafter are based on tests and/or calculations of machines being on level and
firm supporting surface.
The mass of the load, its density and the location of its centre of gravity as well as the mass of the attachment
and the attachment bracket, if fitted, shall be included in the determination of the rated operating capacity and
the size/capacity of the attachment.
To provide a sufficient stability the rated operating capacity/rated lift capacity in intended operations shall be
determined as specified in !5.5.2 and 5.5.3".
5.5.2.1 General
The rated capacities of the backhoe loader used in loader application shall be determined as follows with the
backhoe in its transport position as specified by the manufacturer.
The loader portion of backhoe loaders do not need lowering control device as defined in ISO 8643:1997
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NOTE The mass, volumetric rating of bucket and density of the material have to be taken into account when the
bucket capacity is selected for a specific application.
5.5.2.3.1 General
The rated operating capacity is based on the use of forks and shall be determined by the criteria specified in
5.5.2.3.2 to 5.5.2.3.5.
The tipping load shall be determined according to !ISO 14397-1:2007" (except for stability factor stated in
4.1) and with the fork in a horizontal position. The rated load as a percentage of tipping load shall not exceed
the applicable value specified in Table 1.
Stability factors to determine rated load of crawler backhoe loader shall not exceed 35 % of the tipping load.
It shall be possible to control the rated load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer, considering all
relevant hydraulic circuits involved.
NOTE The hydraulic lift capacity is the maximum mass that can be lifted in any arm position with the fork in horizontal
position limited by the hydraulic circuit working pressure according to !ISO 14397-2:2007".
whichever is less.
To select the fork arm size and to determine the load centre gravity distance (D) as shown in Figure 2, the
specifications in Table 2 shall be followed.
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
Load F Distance D
N mm
F≤ 10 000 400
10 000 <F≤ 50 000 500
50 000 <F≤ 100 000 600
Fork arms shall meet the performance requirements stated in ISO 2330:2002.
Key
D distance in millimetres (see table 2)
F load in Newton
G centre of gravity
5.5.2.4.1 General
The rated operating load of a backhoe loader in log handling application shall be determined by the criteria
given in 5.5.2.4.2 and 5.5.2.4.3.
Tipping load shall be determined according to !ISO 14397-1:2007", (except for the stability factor stated
in 4.1) with the log grapple fitted. The rated load as a percentage of tipping load shall not exceed the
applicable value specified in Table 3.
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
It shall be possible to control the rated load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer, considering all
relevant hydraulic circuits involved.
NOTE The hydraulic lift capacity is the maximum mass that can be lifted in any arm position with the log grapple
fitted limited by the hydraulic circuit working pressure according to !ISO 14397-2:2007".
whichever is less.
5.5.2.5.1 General
The rated operating capacity of a backhoe loader in object handling is based on use of (a) lifting
accessory(ies) and the attachment and shall be determined by the criteria given in !5.5.2.5.2 to 5.5.2.5.4".
Tipping load shall be determined according to !ISO 14397-1:2007" and with the load attached to the
actual load hooking points as specified by the manufacturer. The rated load, as a percentage of tipping load,
shall be determined according to !ISO 14397-1:2007", Clause 4.
It shall be possible to control the rated load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer, considering all
relevant hydraulic circuits involved.
NOTE Hydraulic lift capacity is the maximum mass that can be lifted in any arm position with the hooking point(s)
fitted, limited by the hydraulic circuit working pressure according to !ISO 14397-2:2007".
whichever is less.
The rated operating capacity of derivated machinery shall be determined by the manufacturer according to the
load specification given in 5.5.2.2 to 5.5.2.5, whereby the comparable hazard has to be considered for the
special application.
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5.5.3.1 General
if the loader bucket is intended to increase the stability of the machine, the hydraulic circuits of the loader
portion do not require locking devices;
the rated capacities of a backhoe loader used in backhoe application shall be determined with the loader
bucket and the outriggers placed on the ground (see B.4.2 d) ). The hydraulic circuits of the loader portion
do not require locking devices.
The rated lift capacity for a backhoe loader used in backhoe application with a bucket or shovel shall be
determined in accordance with Annex B as the value according to B.6.
The volumetric rating of the bucket shall be determined according to !ISO 7451:2007" or ISO 7546:1983.
NOTE The mass, the volumetric rating of the bucket and the density of the material have to be taken into account
when a bucket is selected for a specific application.
5.5.3.3.1 General
The rated lift capacity of a backhoe portion used for object handling application shall be determined according
to 5.5.3.3.2 to 5.5.3.3.4.
The rated lift capacity table in object handling shall be generated with the rated lift capacity in object handling
on different lift point radii, minus the mass of the attachment if necessary (see B.8). There shall be at least five
different lift point radii. Minimum and maximum lift point radius shall always be included.
The table(s) shall be available at the operator's station for each object-handling configuration specified in the
operation manual.
a) an acoustic or visual warning device which indicates to the operator when the rated lift capacity/
corresponding load moment is reached and continues as long as the lift capacity or load moment is
exceeded. The rated lift capacity is defined in 5.5.3.3.2.
This device may be deactivated while the backhoe equipment is performing operations other than object
handling. The activation shall be clearly indicated. The control device(s) for activation/deactivation shall
be within the operator's zone of comfort according to !EN ISO 6682:2008". A warning sign shall be
placed close to the control device indicating the need for activation during object handling.
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
b) a lowering control device on each raising boom and arm cylinder. For arm cylinders the device(s) shall be
installed at the end which is pressurised to raise the arm away from the base machine. Lowering control
devices for boom and arm cylinder(s) shall be tested in accordance with ISO 8643:1997.
NOTE The scope of ISO 8643:1997 (currently under revision) does not cover the testing of arm cylinder devices.
However, arm cylinder devices should be tested by the same procedure as those described for boom lowering control
devices.$
The rated lift capacity of derivated machinery shall be determined by the manufacturer according to the load
specification given in 5.5.3.2 and 5.5.3.3.3, whereby the comparable hazard has to be considered for the
special application.
The backhoe portion shall be equipped with a device which securely locks the back-hoe in transport position.
The manufacturer shall provide information of the rated operating load or bucket volume whenever applicable
on:
!backhoe rated object handling capacity table e.g. in accordance with 5.5.3.3.3."
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
The list of hazards in !EN 474-1:2006+A1:2009", Annex A, applies with the following additions:
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
Annex B
(normative)
Test method for backhoe loader lift capacity at the backhoe portion
NOTE This annex specifies a test method for determining the backhoe loader capacity when used in backhoe
applications.
B.1.2
hydraulic holding circuit pressure
maximum static pressure in a specific circuit, limited by a relief valve at a flow no greater than 10 % of rated
circuit flow
B.1.3
tipping load
static load at the balance point
B.1.4
hydraulic lift capacity
maximum load that can be lifted at the bucket hinge pin with any hydraulic circuit activated, limited by the
working circuit hydraulic pressure
B.1.5
lift point radius
horizontal distance between the bucket hinge pin and the swing pivot centre
B.1.6
balance point
point at which the moment acting to overturn the machine with a specific load and lift point radius is equal to
the moment of the machine available to resist overturning
B.1.7
overturning moment
moment when the balance point is reached
B.1.8
test force
force applied to the load cell either by test weight or by applying hydraulic means
B.2 Apparatus
The apparatus shall comprise the following and with tolerances as specified in ISO 9248:1992:
load cell or force transducer appropriate to the magnitude of the load to be measured;
wire ropes and shackles, pulley, safety chains and adjustable anchor point (e. g. slide rail);
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
pressure gauge;
B.4.1 General
The machine shall be clean and equipped according to the manufacturer's specifications.
The machine shall be equipped with an attachment bracket if applicable (but no attachment). The machine
shall have the tyre inflation and tyre ballast as specified by the manufacturer. The fuel tank shall be filled
to 50 % capacity.
Prior to testing, the engine and hydraulic system shall be at the normal working temperature, and the hydraulic
system pressure(s) shall then be checked for compliance with the manufacturer's recommended hydraulic
pressure setting(s).
B.4.2 Position
a) in the least stable position (e. g. fully side-shifted and/or fully articulated);
b) the oscillation of the articulated steering joint (if any) shall be locked;
Outriggers and loader bucket shall be in a position so that the wheels just clear off ground.
A load cell shall be installed between the excavator bucket hinge pin and anchorage points, vertically below
the hinge pin.
The boom/arm shall be so positioned that the line between boom hinge pin and bucket hinge pin is horizontal
when the force is applied.
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
After completion of step one, the hydraulic lift capacity (as defined in B.1.4) shall be measured.
B.5.4 Verification
whichever is less.
whichever is less.
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
Annex C
(informative)
Illustrations
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
#deleted text$
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
Annex ZA
(informative)
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the #European Union$ under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING — Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within
the scope of this standard."
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EN 474-4:2006+A2:2012 (E)
Bibliography
[1] EN ISO 6165:2006, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
(ISO 6165:2006)
[2] ISO 8812:1999, Earth-moving machinery — Backhoe loaders — Definitions and commercial
specifications
[3] !ISO 14397-2:2007", Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 2: Test
method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height
23
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