Unit-2 Steam Boilers
Unit-2 Steam Boilers
Unit-2 Steam Boilers
Syllabus
Unit-1
Thermodynamics : Basic concepts, properties, equilibrium state,
Zeroth, first and second law of thermodynamics, Concept of
temperature, energy, Enthalpy and entropy, Ideal gas laws, Analysis of
thermodynamics processes, Two phase system, formation of steam,
Properties of steam, use of steam table process.
Unit-2
Steam Boilers: Introduction, classification, Boiler mountings and
accessories, working of Cochran boiler, Lanchashire, Locomotive and
Babcock-Wilcox boiler, boiler performance, efficiency Equivalent
evaporation, types of draught, calculation for chimney height
Unit-3
I.C. Engines: Classification of I.C. Engines, Air standard cycles like otto,
diesel and dual, working of two stroke petrol engines, two stroke diesel
engine, working of four stroke petrol engine and four stroke diesel
engine.
Unit-4
Engineering Materials: Classification of Engineering materials,
Mechanical properties of materials, Compositions, characteristics
application of cast iron, mild steel, Stainless steel, Stress, strain, Hook’s
law, stress-strain diagram for ductile and brittle material.
Unit-5
Foundry and Welding: Introduction, Pattern, Pattem materials. Types
of pattern, pattern allowances. Mould materials, types and properties
of moulding sand.
Welding : Introduction, types of welding, Gas welding, Gas welding
equipments, Types of flames, Arc welding AC and DC arc welding, metal
Inert gas arc welding, carbon arc welding.
Reference Books
• Basic Mechanical Engineering by Naz. Tripathi and Panwar
• Workshop Practice by Hazra and Choudhary (Vol-I)
• Workshop Practice by B.S. Raghuvanshi
• W/S Technology by Chapman (Vol-I)
• Thermodynamics by Wan Vylen
• Heat Engine & Thermodynamics by R Yadav
• Engineering Thermodynamics by PK. Nag
Introduction
• Boiler is a closed vessel in which steam is generated from water at high
pressure and temperature from water by the combustion of fuel.
• According to IBR (Indian Boiler Regulations), “boiler is any closed vessel
exceeding 22.75 liters in capacity which is expressly used for generating
steam under pressure and includes mountings or other fittings attached to
it, which is wholly or partly under pressure when steam is shut off.”
• The generation of steam is done by evaporating the water in boilers at
appropriate temperatures and pressures.
• The function of a steam boiler or generator is to convert chemical energy
of fuel by combustion into heat and to transfer this heat to water and thus
to produce steam.
• The vapor generated may be delivered at low-pressure for the
industrial progression work in sugar industries, cotton mills, and for
generating steaming water that can be utilized for heat up fixing at
much low-force.
• In industries the steam may be used for different purposes
1. Mechanical energy is generated in steam turbines
2. Electrical energy is generated in power plants
3. For different heating processes as heating og groundnuts in oil mills.
4. For bleaching purposes in textile industries.
Classification of boilers
1. According to Pressure of steam created in the boiler.
(a) Low Pressure Boilers: These boilers can generate steam at
pressure less than 80 bar. For example
Cochran boiler
Lancashire boiler
Locomotive boiler
Babcock Wilcox boiler
(b) High Pressure Boilers : These boilers can generate steam at
pressure above 80 bar.
These are more efficient and reduced quantity of steam required for
same power generation, compared to low pressure boilers. For
For example
• La mont Boiler
• Benson boiler
• Loeffler boiler
• Velox boiler