Police DAV Public School JRC Class-10

Geography Chapter 4-Agriculture

Back and Extra Question Answers

Q 1 Multiple Choice question

(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a
large area?
(a) Shifting agriculture
(b) Plantation agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive agriculture Ans Plantation agriculture
ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice
(b) Gram
(c) Millets
(d) Cotton Ans Gram
(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a) Pulses
(b) Jowar
(c) Millets
(d) Sesamum Ans Pulses
(iv) Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop?
(a) Maximum support price
(b) Minimum support price
(c) Moderate support price
(d) Influential support price Ans Minimum support price
Q2 Short question answer in 30 words
(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its
growth.
Answer:
Tea is an important beverage crop.
Geographical conditions required for its growth:
Temperature : Hot-humid climate with a temperature of 20°C to 30°C
Rainfall : Annual rainfall between 150 cm to 300 cm. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the
year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves.
Soil - well drained fertile soil.
(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Answer:
Rice is the staple crop of India. It is mainly produced in plains of northern India, deltas of eastern
coastal plain and north-eastern states.
(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the
interest of farmers.
Answer:
(a) Land reforms like abolition of zamindari, consolidation of holdings, etc.
(b) System of crop insurance/Kissan Credit Card/Personal Accident Insurance
(c) Rural Banks and Cooperative Societies to provide easy loan facilities.
(iv) The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?
Answer:
(a) Reduction of land under cultivation will result in food shortage.
(b) Agro-based industries will suffer due to shortage of raw material.
(c) Import of food grains to meet the needs will put more pressure on our financial resources.
(d) It will put maximum pressure on limited land.
(e) It will reduce share of agriculture in the Indian economy.
Q3 Answer the following question in about 120 words.
(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural
production
Answer Government has taken following steps to ensure the increase in agricultural production
since 1951
(a) Abolished zamindari system and consolidated small land holdings
(b) Introduced large scale use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc.
(c) Opened rural banks and cooperative societies to provide agricultural loans to farmers
(d) Introduced crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease
(e) Introduced special weather bulletins on radio and television
(f) Announced minimum support price for crops to check the exploitation of farmers
(ii) Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
Ans- There are positive and negative impact on Indian farmers
Positive impact
1 New techniques are adopted in farming
2 Increase in productivity
3 Minimum usage of fertiliser and pesticides and water
4 Fruits, nuts, vegetables which were first imported from foreign countries are now produced at our
places n exported which in turn increased foreign exchange
5 Research and Development to acquire position in world agriculture market
6 Establishment of food processing industries ,increase in employment
7 Minimum wastage of grains, fruits, vegetables as we can adopted techniques from develop
country
Negative impact
Less manpower in field, unemployment in villages
High cost
Gap increase between rich n poor farmers
High cost>high loans > if crop fails> high loss> suicide.
(iii) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice
Ans - Geographical conditions required for the growth of rice:
(a) Temperature : It requires high temperature with high humidity. The mean monthly temperature
of about 25°C with minor variations at the time of sowing, ripening and harvesting is suitable for the
growth of rice plants.
(b) Rainfall : It requires good rainfall, i.e., more than 100 cm. It needs much water both in and upon
the soil. In the areas of less rainfall, it can be grown with heavy irrigation, for example, Punjab and
Haryana.
(c) Soil : It can grow in a variety of soils but it grows best in fertile alluvial soil with a clayey layer
above.
The main rice-producing states are West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab,
Odisha, Karnataka, Assam and Maharashtra.
Extra question From the examination point of view :
Question 1.
In which season are rabi crops sown in India?
Answer:
The rabi crops are sown in India in winter from October to December.
Question 2
Explain any five steps taken by the central and state governments to improve
Indian agriculture after independence.
Answer: Various initiatives taken by the central and state governments to ensure the increase in
agricultural production after independence are as follows.
• Collectivism, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were
given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after independence.
• Land reforms were the main focus of the First Five Year Plan.
• The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution
(Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improve Indian agriculture.
• Minimum Support Price Policy, provisions for crop insaurance, subsidy on agricultural inputs
and resources such as power and fertilisers, Grameen banks, Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and
Personal Accident Insurance Scheme are some of the reforms brought by the government.
• Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), agricultural universities,
veterinary services and animal breeding centres, horticulture development and weather
forecast etc. were given priority for improving Indian agriculture.
Question 3
Suggest any five measures to enhance the agricultural production in India
Answer:
Agricultural is an important economic activity in our country, the following measures to
enhance the agricultural production in India.

• Each district and block can be made self-sufficient in agricultural production if the
government provides proper agricultural infrastructure, irrigation facilities, electricity, etc.
• Loans can be provided at lower interest rates to cultivator.
• The use of latest techniques can be encouraged.
• Instead of concentrating only on rice or wheat, the food crop with a better growth potential
in that particular area must be encouraged.
• attracting foreign investment in agriculture and also free trade in grains will not only increase
agricultural production, but will also create massive employment and reduce poverty in rural
areas.
• Farmers should diversify their cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops.

Question 4
Define plantation agriculture. Explain any four characteristics of plantation agriculture.
Answer:
Plantation is a type of commercial farming where a single crop is grown on a large area. The
following are the four characteristics of plantation.
• Plantations have very large areas.
• Capital-intensive inputs are used.
• Migrant labourers are used.
• All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries.
 • The development of plantations is the result of a well-developed network of transport and
communication, connecting plantations to markets.
Question 5
How has irrigation changed the cropping pattern in many regions of India. Explain with examples.
Answer:
Irrigation has changed the cropping pattern of many regions, with farmers shifting to water-
intensive and commercial crops.
• Due to the success oi the Green Revolution in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and
parts of Rajasthan, these states have started growing rabi crops like wheat, barley, peas and
gram.
• Paddy has become an important crop of Punjab and Haryana. In states like Assam, West
Bengal and Orissa, three crops of paddy are grown in a year. They are Aus, Aman and Boro.
• The development of canal irrigation and tubewells has made it possible to grow rice in areas
of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan.
• The use of modem inputs like HYV (High Yielding Variety) seeds, fertilizers and irrigation has
contributed to high production of maize.
Question 6
What is intensive subsistence farming? Write three features of intensive subsistence farming.
Answer:
Intensive subsistence farming is practised in areas of high density of population, where pressure of
population is high on agricultural land.
The following are the three features of this type of farming.
• It is labour-intensive farming.
• High doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher , production.
• Farm size is small and uneconomical due to the division of land.
• Farmers take maximum output from the limited land.
• Farmers do not have any alternative source of livelihood. Thus, there is enormous pressure
on agricultural land.

Question 7.
Explain any five characteristics of commercial farming in India.
Answer:
The following are the five characteristics of commercial farming in India.
• The main characteristic of commercial farming is the use of high doses of modern inputs, like
HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides, in order to obtain higher
productivity.
• The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another, for
example rice is a commercial crop in Punjab and Haryana but in Odisha it is a subsistence
crop.
• Plantation is also a type of commercial farming where a single crop is grown on a large area.
• Plantations cover large areas using capital intensive inputs with the help of migrant labourers.
• In India tea, coffee, rubber, sugar cane and banana are important plantation crops.

Question 8 Why is the growth rate in agriculture decelerating? How did the Government of India
make efforts to modernise agriculture? Explain.
Answer:
The growth rate in agriculture is decelerating due to the following reasons.
• Reduction in public investment in agriculture especially for irrigation, power, rural roads, etc.
• Subsidy on fertilisers has decreased leading to increase in the cost of production.
• Reduction in import of agricultural goods
• Lack of employment in agriculture
 • Erratic nature of monsoon rainfall
To modernise agriculture the Government of India has taken concerted efforts
like the following.
• Setting up of Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
• Setting up of agricultural universities, veterinary services and animal breeding centres.
• Horticulture development
• Research and development in the field of meteorology and weather forecast
• Improvement of rural infrastructure
Question 9.
Mention the sowing period of kharif crops.
Answer:
Kharif crops are sown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country.
Question 10 which is the main food crop grown in north and north-western parts of India.
Answer:Wheat is the main food crop grown in the north and north-western parts of India.
Q10 Define the terms
1) Jhumming-:It is a ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. Farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals
and other food crops to sustain their family. When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and
clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation.
2) Zaid- Zaid crops grown in between the rabi and the kharif seasons, there is a short season during
the summer months known as the Zaid season.eg watermelon, muskmelon, and cucumber,
3) Sericulture-. Rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibre is known as sericulture.
4) Blood-less Revolution- Bhoodan-Gramdan movement initiated by Vinoba Bhave is also known as
the Blood-less Revolution. Some zamindars, owners of land and villages offered to distribute some
land and villages among the landless people.
5) Genetic engineering is recognised as a powerful supplement in inventing new hybrid varieties of
seeds..
Q11 Write some important feature of Primitive Subsistence Agriculture:
(a) This type of farming is practiced on small patches of land.
(b) Primitive tools like: Hoe, Dao, Digging Sticks and family/community labour are used.
(c) Farming mainly depends on monsoon and natural fertility of soil.
(d) Production is mainly done for family members.
Q12) Which crop is known as the Golden Fiber? Highlight any five characteristics of the crop.
Answer Jute is called Golden fibre.
Jute fiber is 100% bio-degradable and recyclable and thus environmentally friendly. It is a
natural fiber with golden and silky shine and hence called The Golden Fiber. It is the cheapest
vegetable fiber procured from the bast or skin of the plant's stem.
Learn the following crops given below in the table and also learn its geographical condition for
growing it .
Learn the following crops given below in the table and also learn its
geographical condition for growing it .