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Validation of the stream function used in research problem two The stream function is

defined as ψ=(νB)^(1/2) xf(η), u=∂ψ/∂y, v=-∂ψ/∂x


u=∂ψ/∂y=(∂(νB)^(1/2) xf)/∂y=(νB)^(1/2) (∂(xf))/∂y=(νB)^(1/2) [x ∂f/∂y+f ∂x/∂y]
u=(νB)^(1/2) x ∂f/∂η×∂η/∂y=(νB)^(1/2) xf’(B/ν)^(1/2)
u=Bxf’ (170)
v=-∂ψ/∂x=-((νB)^(1/2) xf)/∂x=-(νB)^(1/2) (∂(xf))/∂x=-(νB)^(1/2) [x ∂f/∂x+f ∂x/∂x]
v=-(νB)^(1/2) f (171)
∂u/∂x=(∂(Bxf’))/∂x=B (∂(xf’))/∂x=B[x ∂f’/∂x+f’∂x/∂x]=B[x ∂f’/∂η×∂η/∂x+f’]
∂u/∂x=Bf’ (172)
∂v/∂y=-(∂(νB)^(1/2) f)/∂y=-(νB)^(1/2) ∂f/∂y=-(νB)^(1/2) ∂f/∂η×∂η/∂y
∂v/∂y=-(νB)^(1/2) f’(B/ν)^(1/2)=-Bf’
∂v/∂y=-Bf’ (173) Substituting equations (3.166) and (3.167) into the continuity equation
(3.156) ∂u/∂x+∂v/∂y=0 This implies that Bf’-Bf’=0 This shows that the stream function satisfied
the continuity equation. 5.2 Non-dimensionalization of momentum equation of the research
problem two Since, ∂u/∂x=Bf’ and u=Bxf’
u ∂u/∂x=Bxf’×Bf’
u ∂u/∂x=B^2 x(f’)^2 (174)
∂u/∂y=(∂(Bf’x))/∂y=B[x ∂f’/∂y+f’∂x/∂y]=Bx ∂f’/∂η×∂η/∂y
∂u/∂y=Bx ∂f’/∂η×(B/ν)^(1/2)
v ∂u/∂y=-(νB)^(1/2) f×Bx ∂f’/∂η×(B/ν)^(1/2)=-B^2 xff”
v ∂u/∂y=-B^2 xff” (175)
(∂^2 u)/(∂y^2 )=∂/∂y (∂u/∂y)=∂/∂y (Bxf”(B/ν)^(1/2) )=B(B/ν)^(1/2) (∂(xf”))/∂y
(∂^2 u)/(∂y^2 )=B(B/ν)^(1/2) [x ∂f”/∂y+f”∂x/∂y]=B(B/ν)^(1/2) x ∂f”/∂η×∂η/∂y
(∂^2 u)/(∂y^2 )=B(B/ν)^(1/2) xf”’(B/ν)^(1/2)=(B^2 x)/ν f”’

( )
2
∂ u ∂ ∂u ∂
2
= = (Bf ’ )
∂x ∂ x ∂ x ∂ x

2
∂ u ∂f’ ∂ f ’ ∂η ∂f ’
2
=B =B × =B ×0
∂x ∂x ∂η ∂ x ∂η

2
∂ u
2
=0
∂x
2
2 ∂u 2
u 2
=u × 0
∂x
2
2 ∂u
u 2
=0 (1)
∂x

( ) ( ( ) xf ’ ’ )
2 1
∂u ∂ ∂u ∂ B
= = B 2
∂ x∂ y ∂x ∂ y ∂ x ν
( ) ( ) [ x ∂∂f x’ ’ +f ’ ’ ∂∂ xx ]
2 1 1
∂u B ∂ B
=B 2
(xf ’ ’)=B 2
∂ x∂ y ν ∂x ν

( ) [ x ∂∂f η’ ’ × ∂∂ ηx +f ’ ’ ]
2 1
∂u B
=B 2
∂ x∂ y ν

( ) [ x ∂∂f η’ ’ ×0+ f ’ ’]
2 1
∂u B
=B 2
∂ x∂ y ν

( ) f ’’
2 1
∂u B
=B 2
(2)
∂ x∂ y ν

2 uv=2 × Bxf ’ × ¿

2 uv=2 ¿ (3)
Combining eqn () and () to obtain:
2
∂u
2 uv =2 ¿
∂ x∂ y
2
∂u 2
2 uv =2 B xff ’ f ’ ’
∂ x∂ y
Substituting equations (), (), (), (), and () into the momentum equation to obtain:
2
B x¿
Dividing all through by by B2 x to obtain:
¿
Simplifying further to obtain:
¿
Upon further simplification
f ’ ’ ’+ β (−f ’ ’ ’ f 2 +2 ff ’ f ’ ’ )−Mf ’−¿ (4)
Where
2
σ B 0( x)
β=λ B=Deborahnumber , M = =Magneticparameter
ρB
5.3 Transformation of the energy equation of the research problem two
∂T/∂x=∂T/∂θ×∂θ/∂x=∂T/∂θ×∂θ/∂η×∂η/∂x
∂T/∂x=(T_w-T_∞)θ’×0
u ∂T/∂x=Bxf’×(T_w-T_∞)θ’×0
u ∂T/∂x=0 (188)
∂T/∂y=∂T/∂θ×∂θ/∂y=∂T/∂θ×∂θ/∂η×∂η/∂y
∂T/∂y=(T_w-T_∞)θ’(B/ν)^(1/2)
v ∂T/∂y=-(νB)^(1/2) f×(T_w-T_∞)θ’(B/ν)^(1/2)
v ∂T/∂y=-B(T_w-T_∞)fθ’ (189)
(∂^2 T)/(∂y^2 )=∂/∂y (∂T/∂y)=∂/∂y ((T_w-T_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2) θ’)=(T_w-T_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2)
∂θ’/∂y
(∂^2 T)/(∂y^2 )=(T_w-T_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2) ∂θ’/∂η×∂η/∂y=(T_w-T_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2) (B/ν)^(1/2)
θ”
(∂^2 T)/(∂y^2 )=(T_w-T_∞)B/ν θ”

∂C ∂ ∂ϕ ∂ϕ ∂η
=
∂y ∂ y
( ϕ(C w −C ∞ )+C ∞ )=(C w −C ∞) ∂ y =(C w −C ∞) ∂ η × ∂ y

( )
1
∂C B 2
=(C w −C∞ )ϕ ’
∂y ν
(∂^2 C)/(∂y^2 )=∂/∂y (∂C/∂y)=∂/∂y ((C_w-C_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2) ϕ’)=(C_w-C_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2) ∂ϕ’/∂y
(∂^2 C)/(∂y^2 )=(C_w-C_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2) ∂ϕ’/∂η×∂η/∂y=(C_w-C_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2) (B/ν)^(1/2)
ϕ”
(∂^2 C)/(∂y^2 )=(C_w-C_∞)B/ν ϕ”
Recall that, -(∂q_r)/∂y=(16σ_s T_∞^3)/(3k_e ) (∂^2 T)/(∂y^2 ) and (∂^2 T)/(∂y^2
)=B/ν(T_w-T_∞)θ” Therefore; -(∂q_r)/∂y=(16σ_s T_∞^3)/(3k_e ) B/ν(T_w-T_∞)θ” (192) Since,
∂u ,∧∂ T
=Bf ’ , u=Bxf ’ =0
∂x ∂x
Therefore,
∂u ∂T 2
u =Bxf ’ × Bf ’ ×0=B x ¿
∂x ∂ x

∂u ∂T
u =0 (5)
∂x ∂ x

∂v ∂
= ¿
∂y ∂y

∂v
=−¿ (6)
∂y
Since,

( ) ,∧v=−¿
1
∂T B
=(T w −T ∞) 2
∂y ν
Therefore,
∂ v ∂T
v =¿
∂y ∂y

∂ v ∂T
v =¿
∂y ∂y

∂ v ∂T 2
v =B (T w −T ∞) ff ’ θ ’ (7)
∂y ∂y

∂v ∂
= ¿
∂x ∂x
∂v
=−¿
∂x

∂v
=0 (8)
∂x
,∧∂T
Since, u=Bxf ’ =0, Therefore,
∂x
∂v ∂T
u =Bxf ’ ×0 × 0=0
∂x ∂ x

∂v ∂T
u =0 (9)
∂x ∂ x
From equation (24),
2
∂T B
2
=(T w −T ∞ ) θ ’ ’
∂y ν

2
2 ∂T
v 2
=¿ ¿
∂y
2
∂T2 2 2
v 2
=B (T w −T ∞)f θ ’ ’ (10)
∂y
From equation (12),

( ) xf ’ ’
1
∂u B
=B 2
∂y ν
Also from equation (20),
∂T
=0 ,∧v =−¿
∂x

∂u ∂T
=−¿
∂ y ∂x

∂ u ∂T 2
v =−B xff ’ ’ × 0
∂ y ∂x

∂ u ∂T
v =0 (11)
∂ y ∂x

( )
2
∂ T ∂ ∂T ∂
= = (0)
∂ y∂ x ∂ y ∂ x ∂ y

2
∂ T
=0 (12)
∂ y∂ x
1
2
2 uv=2 Bxf ’ (−( ν B ¿ )f )=−2 Bx ¿

2 uv=−2 Bx ¿ (13)
Therefore,
2
∂T
2 uv =−2 Bx ¿
∂ y ∂x
2
∂T
2 uv =0 (14)
∂ y ∂x

( )
2
∂T ∂ ∂T ∂
2
= = (0)
∂x ∂ x ∂ x ∂

2
∂T2
u 2
=¿
∂x
2
∂T 2
2
=0 u (15)
∂x
Substituting transformed equations into the energy equation to obtain:

D kT B B
0−B (T w −T ∞)f θ ’− (Cw −C∞ ) ϕ ’ ’=α (T w −T ∞ )θ ’ ’
cs cp ν ν

(() )
1 2 3
+μ B 16 σ s T ∞ B 2 2 2
B 2
xf ’ ’ + (T w −T ∞)θ ’ ’−β 1 [0+B (T w −T ∞ )ff ’ θ ’+0+ B (T w −T ∞ )f θ’ ’+ 0+0+0]
ρcp ν 3 Ke ν
(16)
Dividing all through by ¿ to obtain
D k T (C w −C ∞) α
−f θ ’− ϕ ’ ’= θ ’ ’
c s c p ν (T w −T ∞ ) ν

+¿ ¿
Simplifying further to obtain:
1
f θ ’−Doϕ ’ ’= θ ’ ’+ Ec ¿
Pr
The transformed energy equation becomes:

( 1+PrR ) θ ’ ’+ f θ ’+ Doϕ ’ ’+ Ec ¿ (17)


Where,
3
ν 16 σ s T ∞ D k T (C w −C ∞)
Pr= , R= , Do= , Ec=¿ ¿
α 3 ke c s c p ν (T w −T ∞ )
5.4 Transformation of the concentration equation of the research problem two
∂C/∂x=∂C/∂ϕ×∂ϕ/∂x=∂C/∂ϕ×∂ϕ/∂η×∂η/∂x
∂C/∂x=(C_w-C_∞)ϕ’0
u ∂C/∂x=Bxf’×(C_w-C_∞)ϕ’×0
u ∂C/∂x=0 (197)
∂C/∂y=∂C/∂ϕ×∂ϕ/∂y=∂C/∂ϕ×∂ϕ/∂η×∂η/∂y
∂C/∂y=(C_w-C_∞)ϕ’(B/ν)^(1/2)
v ∂C/∂y=-(νB)^(1/2) f×(C_w-C_∞)ϕ’(B/ν)^(1/2)
v ∂C/∂y=-B(C_w-C_∞)fϕ’ (198)
(∂^2 C)/(∂y^2 )=∂/∂y (∂C/∂y)=∂/∂y ((C_w-C_∞)ϕ’(B/ν)^(1/2) )
(∂^2 C)/(∂y^2 )=(C_w-C_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2) ∂ϕ’/∂y=(C_w-C_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2) ∂ϕ’/∂η×∂η/∂y
(∂^2 C)/(∂y^2 )=(C_w-C_∞)(B/ν)^(1/2) ϕ”(B/ν)^(1/2)=(C_w-C_∞)B/ν ϕ”
D (∂^2 C)/(∂y^2 )=D/ν B(C_w-C_∞)ϕ” (199)
k_l (C-C_∞)=k_l ϕ(C_w-C_∞) (200)
Since,
∂u ,∧∂ C
u=Bxf ’ , =Bf ’ =0
∂x ∂x
Therefore,
∂u ∂C
u =Bxf ’ × Bf ’ ×0
∂x ∂x

∂u ∂C 2
u =B x ¿
∂x ∂x

∂u ∂C
u =0 (18)
∂x ∂x
From equation (29)
∂v
=−¿
∂y
From equation (25)

( ) ,∧v=−¿
1
∂v B
=(C w −C ∞ )ϕ ’ 2
∂y ν
Therefore,
∂ v ∂C
v =−¿
∂ y ∂y

∂ v ∂C B
v =ν B(C w −C ∞ ) f ’ fϕ ’
∂ y ∂y ν

∂ v ∂C 2
v =B (C w −C ∞) f ’ fϕ ’ (19)
∂ y ∂y
From equation (31)
∂v
=0
∂x
From equation (39)
∂C
=0 ,∧¿ equation(8) u=Bxf ’
∂x
Therefore,
∂v ∂C
u =Bxf ’ ×0 × 0=0
∂x ∂x

∂v ∂C
u =0 (20)
∂x ∂x
From equation (26)
2
∂C B
2
= (C w −C ∞ )ϕ ’ ’
∂y ν

2
2 ∂C
v 2
=¿
∂y
2
2 ∂C
v 2
=(ν B)¿
∂y
2
2 ∂C 2
v 2
=B (C w −C ∞)¿ (21)
∂y
From equation (12)

( ) xf ’ ’
1
∂u B
=B 2
∂y ν
From equation (39)
∂C
=0
∂x
From equation (9)
v=−¿
Therefore,
∂ u ∂C
v =−¿
∂ y ∂x

∂ u ∂C
v =0 (22)
∂ y ∂x

( )
2
∂C ∂ ∂C ∂
= = (0)
∂ y∂ x ∂ y ∂x ∂y

2
∂C
=0 (23)
∂ y∂ x
From equation (36)
2 uv=−2 Bx ¿
Therefore,
2
∂ C
2 uv =−2 Bx ¿
∂ y ∂x
2
∂ C
2 uv =0 (24)
∂ y ∂x

( )
2
∂ C ∂ ∂C ∂
2
= = (0)
∂ x ∂x ∂ x ∂x

2
∂C
2
=0
∂x
2
2 ∂C
u 2
=¿
∂x
2
∂C 2
u2
=0 (25)
∂x
Substituting equations (),(),……….. into the concentration equation to obtain:
0−¿

B
(C −C ∞)ϕ ’ ’−Kcϕ(Cw −C∞ )−β 2 [ 0+ B (C w −C ∞) f ’ fϕ ’+ 0+B (C w −C ∞) f ϕ ’ ’+ 0+0+0 ]
2 2 2
¿D
ν w
Dividing all through by B(C w −C ∞ ) to obtain:
D k T (T w −T ∞ ) D Kc
ϕ−β 2 [ Bf ’ fϕ ’ +B f ϕ ’ ’ ]
2
−fϕ’− θ ’ ’= ϕ ’ ’−
Tm ν (C w −C ∞) ν B
Simplifying to obtain:
1
−fϕ’−So θ ’ ’= ϕ ’ ’−Krϕ−B β 2 [ f ’ fϕ ’+ f ϕ ’ ’ ]
2
Sc

ϕ ’ ’+ ScSo θ ’ ’ + Scfϕ ’−ScKrϕ−γ 2 ( f ’ fϕ ’+ f 2 ϕ ’ ’ ) =0 (26)


Where
ν D k T (T w −T ∞ ) Kc
Sc= , So= , Kr= , γ =B β 2
D Tm ν (C w −C ∞ ) B 2
5.5 Transformation of the boundary conditions of the research problem two Since u=Bxf’ and
u=Bx
Bxf’=Bx divide all through by Bx to obtain f’(η)=1 (204) Also, v=-(νB)^(1/2) f and v=-ν(x)
-(νB)^(1/2) f=-ν(x)
f(η)=ν/((νB)^(1/2) )=√(ν/B)
f(η)=f_w (205) Now T=θ(T_w-T_∞)+T_∞ and T=T_w ∴θ(T_w-T_∞)+T_∞=T_w
θ(T_w-T_∞)=T_w-T_∞ divide all through by T_w-T_∞ θ(η)=1 (206) also, C=ϕ(C_w-C_∞)
+C_∞ and C=C_w ∴ϕ(C_w-C_∞)+C_∞=C_w
ϕ(C_w-C_∞)=C_w-C_∞ divide all through by C_w-C_∞ ϕ(η)=1 (207) Also, u=Bxf’ and
u⟶0
∴Bxf’=0
f’(η)⟶0 (208)
T=θ(T_w-T_∞)+T_∞ and T⟶T_∞
θ(T_w-T_∞)+T_∞=T_∞
θ(T_w-T_∞)=T_∞-T_∞
θ(T_w-T_∞)=0
θ(η)⟶0 (209)
C=ϕ(C_w-C_∞)+C_∞ andC⟶C_∞
ϕ(C_w-C_∞)+C_∞=C_∞
ϕ(C_w-C_∞)=C_∞-C_∞
ϕ(C_w-C_∞)=0
ϕ(η)⟶0 (210) Therefore, the transformed momentum, energy and concentration
equations with the boundary conditions of the research problem two are
together with the boundary conditions f’=1, f=f_w, θ=1, ϕ=1 at η=0 (214)
f’⟶0, θ⟶0, ϕ⟶0 as η⟶0 (215) Note that γ=b(T_w-T_∞),Gr=(gβ_t (T_w-T_∞))/(B^2
x),Gm=(gβ_c (C_w-C_∞))/(B^2 x),A_2=(k_0 B)/νρ,P_s=μ^*/ρBk,Rd=(4σ_0 T_∞^3)/(3k_e
k^* ),Pr=(νρc_p)/k^* ,ϵ=ξ(T_w-T_∞),β=(μ_b √2π)/P_y ,Ec=((Bx)^2)/(c_p
(T_w-T_∞)),δ_x=Q_0/(Bρc_p ),D_f=(Dk_T (C_w-C_∞))/(c_s c_p
ν(T-w-T_∞)),Sc=ν/D,Cr=k_l/B,τ=(k^th (T_w-T_∞))/(T_ref ν),So=(Dk_T (T_w-T_∞))/(T_m ν(C_w-
C_∞)) are the controlling flow parameters. A_2= Walters-B viscoelastic fluid parameter, P_s=
permeability parameter, γ= temperature dependent viscosity parameter, Gr= thermal Grashof
number, Gm= mass Grashof number, Rd= radiation parameter, Pr= modified Prandtl number,
β= Casson parameter, Ec= Eckert number, δ_x= heat generation parameter, D_f= Dufour
number, Sc= modified Schmidt number, Cr= chemical reaction parameter, τ= thermophoretic
parameter and So= Soret number. The physical quantities of engineering interest are the local
skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number. The first physical quantities of
interest is the wall skin friction coefficient C_f, it is defined as C_f=τ_w/(ρ(B/ν)^(1/2) ) where
τ_w=(μ_b+P_y/√2π) ∂u/∂y |_(y=0)-(2 ∂u/∂x (∂^2 u)/∂x∂y+3 ∂u/∂x (∂^2 u)/(∂y^2 )) |_(y=0)
τ_w= shear stress or skin friction within hydrodynamics boundary layer. The other quantity of
interest are the Nusselt and Sherwood number which are defined as: Nu=(Kq_w)/((T_w-T_∞))
where q_w=-K(∂T/∂y |_(y=0)-(4σ_0)/(3k_e ) ((∂T^4)/∂y) |_(y=0) )
Sh=(Dh_w)/(C_w-C_∞ ) where h_w=D(∂∂C∂y|_(y=0) )

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