NPS Facts
NPS Facts
DISTRICT SURVEY
REPORT
DISTRICT BETUL M.P.
AS PER NOTIFICATION NO. S.O. 141 (E) NEW DELHI, THE
15TH JANUARY,2016 OF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT,
FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE GOVT. OF INDIA
1. Introduction:
With reference to Gazette notification of 15th January 2016 of Ministry
of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, the District Environment
Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) and District Environment Assessment
Committee (DEAC) are to be constituted by the Divisional Commissioner for
prior environmental clearance of mining of minor mineral. The DEIAA and
DEAC will scrutinize and recommend the prior environmental clearance of
mining of minor minerals on the basis of District Survey Report. This will a
model and guiding document which is a compendium of available mineral
resources, geographical set up, environmental and ecological set up of the
district and replenishment of minerals and is based on data of various
departments, published reports, journals and websites.
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Betul is apparently a tribal district, where 39.43% of the total
population is Gond and Korku tribles. The major languages in the district
are Hindi, Gondi, Korku, and Marathi language is spoken widely in southern
part of the district. Among the castes Gonds, Korkus, Kurmis, Kumbis,
Bhoyars, Meharas, Chamars, Banias, Rajputs are the major ones. Betul is
well connected by road & rail network. It is located on the Delhi – Chennai
broad-gauge railway line & National Highway No. 69 also passes through
this district. the nearest airports are in Nagpur & Bhopal. Main rivers are
Tapti, Poorna, Wardha, Machna, Sapna and Tawa.
Pathankheda in Ghoradongri block is famous for its coalfields and finds use
at the Satpura thermal power station, Sarni for electricity production.
Around 22 villages of Shahpura Block and 32 villages of Ghoradongri block
come within the Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve area. The said area is
famous for its rare species of flora and fauna. Northern and western parts
comprising of Bhimpur, Ghoradongri, Shahpur and some parts of Athner
Blocks of the district, are the prime source of valuable forest produce.
Bhainsdehi and part of Betul block are also rich likewise. Main produce are
teak-wood, bamboo and other minor forest produce along with herbs of
important medicinal values, as the district is widely spread on the Satpura
Mountain plateau, it is covered with the enchanting greenery of forest. Lofty
mountains of Satpura Range enhance its charm further.
The district is divided into 8 Tehsils and Ten blocks the district is
predominantly a rural district there are 1343 villages. The total population
of the district of as as per 2001 census. The details of administrative units
are given in table- 1.
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Table – 1 : Administrative Divisions, District Betul M.P. (Census-2001)
Panchaya 10 year
t in %
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CHAPTER – 2
A total 125 nos. of working mining lease of both unit and mining
area in the district. The total mineable area of district is about
29.48 sq.km. (2948.605 hectares) which is about 0.29 % of total
geological area.
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CHAPTER –3
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
CHAPTER –4
13
CHAPTER –5
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CHAPTER –6
The water action is perhaps the only agency responsible for erosion,
transportation and deposition of sand and aggregates in the sub continental
tropical conditions. The rivers are the most important source of sand in the
district. The passage of these rivers is initially through basaltic terrain,
where erosion of country rocks and transportation may be high but may not
result in the sand formation. It is the Gondwana and Deccan trap terrain
and the areas of alluvial plains which produces bulk quantity of sand and
associated aggregates. Thus, geology plays a major role. This, coupled with
mineral composition (e.g. Gondwana sandstone; being arkosic sandstone
and shales being ferruginous and argillaceous and the recent subcompact to
loose formations comprising of sandy matter) greatly influence the process of
sand formation. Moreover, climatic conditions, waterload and velocity of
river and rainfall have a vital role in the entire process of transportation and
deposition of sand and associated aggregates. Here gradient of land in an
important factor. The river usually erodes the river base and the banks by
hydraulic action and abrasion (corrosion). Hereto, abrasion is the most
important action which involves wearing away of the bank and the bedrock
by stram water with the help of sand grains (floating, dragging, pebbles
and gravels and all such small particles) that are being carried in it. The
floating, dragging and rolling depends upon the size and shape. Cavitation is
another method of erosion. Air bubbles trapped in the water get compressed
into small spaces like cracks in the river’s banks. These bubbles shockwave
that weakens the rocks. The shockwaves are very weak but over time the
rock will be weakened to the point at which it falls apart.
Energy, environment and time are the three factors which determine the
process of deposition by streams. Thus, when energy decreases to transport
the load (by reduction in velocity or volume of water), a part of material can
no longer be transported and hence deposited. Similarly, the factors of
environment influence the deposition through configuration or shape of the
channel. Uneven surface of the channel check the velocity and hence cause
deposition. The time factor actually operates through the above two factors.
Thus, when a stream would perform the act of deposition may be explained
by a statement and whenever like its velocity whiz appreciably checked. The
deposits that are laid down by running water are called alluvial, fluvial or
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fluviatile deposits. They all vary greatly in size, shape and mode of origin.
Amongst these is first are alluvial fans and cones: these are cone shaped
accumulations of stream debris that come down from hills or mountains
meet a larger streams or valley floor. These are common in hilly terrains and
second most important oner in the present context is flood plain deposits
which are resultant of some periods of high water levels or flood in a stream
during which it overflows its banks and overflows on its sides. These flood
waters are invariably heavily loaded with sediments of all types which are
eventually deposited over inundated areas. Thus a thick layer of such loads
is left after every flood. Another type of flood plain deposits are natural
levees; which are broad, low ridges formed along the banks of the streams
during floods. They generally slope away from stream edge. They form
because of deposition of part of flood water load along the banks during
floods. As rivers enters into plains, the gradient decreases suddenly and flow
in increasingly wide, gentle sided valleys. The channel increases in size to
hold the extra water which the river has to receive from its tributaries. As
the river gets bigger it can carry larger amounts of material. This material
will be small in size, as larger rocks will have broken up on their way from
the mountains. Much of the material will be carried in suspension and will
erode the river banks by abrasion. When rivers flow over flatter land, they
develop large bends called meanders. As a river goes around a bend most of
the water is pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion. The river
is now eroding sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed,
a process called lateral erosion. On the inside of the bend, in contrast, there
is much less water. The river will therefore be shallow and slow- flowing. It
cannot carry as much material and so sand and shingle will be deposited.
This is called a point bar or slip off slope. Due to erosion on the outside of a
bend and deposition on the inside, the shape of a meander will change over
a period of time. Notice how erosion narrows the neck of the land within the
meander. In time, and usually during a flood, the river will cut right through
the neck. The river will then take the new, shorter route. The fastest current,
called the thalweg, will now trend to be in the centre of the river, and so
deposition is likely to occur in gentler water next to the banks eventually
deposition will block off the old meander to leave an oxbow lake. The oxbow
lake will slowly dry up, only refilling after heavy rain or during a flood.
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CHAPTER –7
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Net Irrigated Area - 1159
7. NUMBER OF GROUND WATER
MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB
(As on 31.3.2013)
No. of Dug Wells / No. of Piezometers 23 / 07
8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL Deccan Trap Lava Flows, Lameta
FORMATIONS beds, Upper and Lower Gondwanas
and Archaeans
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9 HYDROGEOLOGY Weathered & Fractured basalt
Major Water Bearing Formation Weathered & Fractured sandstone
Weathered / Fractured granite,
gneiss, amphibolites
Pre-monsoon
Depth to water level during 2012 2.0 – 16.40
Post-monsoon
Depth to water level during 2012 0.51 9.75
Forest Area
Total 8013.48
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CHAPTER –9
9.1 Drainage:
The drainage of the district is diverted in all direction from the
eastern high mass of Satpura plateau. The northern and central part of
the district drains into the Narmada in the north through Tawa, Machna
Morand and the Bhange. The Tapti bengh basically consequent river and
flowing to the west drain water of the western and southern central part
of the Purna, Mam and Wadha occupy small areas of their drainage in
the southern part of the district.
9.2 Soil:
In the district, there are five types of soils namely kali soil, Morand
soil, Matbarra soils, Bardi soil Sihar and retard soils. The southern
central and eastern part of the district is covered by black cotton soil.
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CHAPTER –10
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CHAPTER –11
Archaeans
The crystalline metamorphic and igneous rocks covers approximately 20% of the
total district area. The igneous rocks are intensive granite and pegmatite veins intending
the metamorphic rocks. Quartz pegmatite views are common features and occurs as broad
dykes and thin strings. The ground basins are conterminous with surface drainage sub
basin thus ground water flow system are of local types where end system has its recharge
area at topographic low. The Archaeans are mainly occupying the Betul, Chichab, Multai
and Amla blocks. These rocks do not have primary porosity and hydraulic conductivity.
The weathered part of the crystalline rocks are called saprolite, which is of particular
interest from the point of view of storage zone for ground water and as an aquifer for
open well and shallow tube wells. The thickness of this zones in the entire district area
ranges from 2.5 to 30.00 m. in this formation, aquifers also occurs where bed rock and
quartz pegmatite intensive vein are jointed and fractures. The yield depends upon
saturated thickness of the weathered mantle and fracture pattern of the rocks. The open
wells that exist in this formation range in depth of 8.00-20.00 mbgl generally the column
of water available during pre monsoon season varies from 2.00 – 4.00 m. The general
yield potential of Archaean formation less than 180 lpm. However at places the yield
potential in deeper aquifer are found to the tune of 600 lpm. The specific capacity ranges
between 54 to 162.69 lpm/m/min and permeability ranges from 9.57 to 29.83 m2/day in
shallow aquifers.
Gondwana
The Gondwana rocks are comprising succession of sand stone, shales with seems
of coal lying over the metamorphic rocks of crystalline Archaean system with a district
unconformity. The beds of Gondwana rocks are distributed in patches and lie in a liner
trends coinciding almost with the present river valleys. There rocks show considerable
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faulting. The Talchir beds consisting of sandstone and green clays with boulders contain plant
fossils. There are bounded by faults. The west and north west of Betul, there are out of
Gondwana rocks which separates decant traps from Archaeans rocks. Barkars of
Gondwana group contains coal seams. In Gondwana system mostly groundwater structures
tapped sandstone and argillaceous shales and rarely clays. The groundwater structure in
Barkar series ranges in depth from 5-16.30 mbgl where as in Talchir series the depth of dug
wells ranges from 8-14 mbgl there rocks are occupying Ghoradongri Shahpur and part of
Bhimpura blocks. The yield potential of Gondwana ranges from 100 lpm to 300 lpm tapping
semi confined and unconfined aquifers.
Deccan Traps
Deccan traps comprising varies types of basaltic lava flows and most extensive rocks in
the district. There rocks occupying in Betul, Multai, Bhimpura, Chicholi, Bhainsdehi, Atner
and Prabkat pattam blocks. The base of the flow consist of a porons layers of earthy
basalt which passes rapidly into the main body. Of flow consisting of great thickness of
hard basalt. Generally the Deccan trap in the area occurs in the form of fractures, weathered
and vesicular basalts. The groundwater structure occurring the fractures basalt tapped the
ground water resource between the depth range 6 to 14.00 mbgl. In the weathered basalt the
depth of ground structures varies from 4.15 – 10-20 mbgl, while in vesicular type of flows the
depth of ground water structures ranges from 3 to 20-00 mbgl. The yield of shallow aquifer in
this formation ranges between 60 to 300 lpm.
Mineral Wealth:
Betul district is well known for its various types of economic mineral
deposits/occurrence and 21 types of economic minerals have been
reported so far. Coal deposits from barakar formation of gondwana
supergroup are found around pathakhera, Gurgunda, Brahmanwara,
sonda, mardanpur, shahpur and dulhara areas. Copper associated with
acid volcanic rock is reported at Kherli Bajar, Bhawra, Tekra,
Banskhapa-pipariya. Tungsten in the form of specks and small veinlets
in calc-silicate rock is reported at chunaloma, chiklar, tara, malajpur,
Garnet reported at Bisighat, Bhaldhei, bijadheihi and kesiya.
chunabhura and in betul nala section. graphite from graphite schist and
phyllite is reported at tikari, Maramjhiri,chiklar, gauthana, bhopali,
janawani, and golighat. Mica in the form of flakes and books from
pegmatite veins is found at khundepapariya, kachnar, bisighat, bhaldehi,
and temni. Ochre in the form of patches in mica schist is reported at 1
km north of bisighat and 1 km west of thufama. the scattered occurrence
of calcite veins in deccan trap are reported around jhallar, bhakurdhana,
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ankwari, mandi khurd, ghoradongri, maramjhiri, bhopali, karanji,
kolhudhana and nimpani.
11.(a) District wise detail of river or stream and other sand source
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11.(b) District wise availability of sand or gravel or aggregate
resources
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11.(c) District wise detail of existing mining leases of sand and
aggregates.
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S. Name of River Portion of the river or stream Area Mineable
No. or stream recommended for mineral recommended mineral
recommended concession for mineral potential
for mineral concession (in M3
concession (in sq.m) 60% of
total
mineral
potential)
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MINERAL POTENTIAL
The efforts are on to identify and locate the new areas for sand mining.
Moreover, the potential loci for deposits of sand and associated aggregates are within
river bed or close to river banks or the areas of flood plain and the resources are
dependent upon the amount of rainfall and the water load carried by the river or
stream.
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S. River or Portion of the district or Area Mineable
No. stream stream recommended for recommended mineral
mineral concession for mineral potential
concession (in M3 60%
(in sq.m) of total
mineral
potential)
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