Holy Angel University

School of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Civil Engineering

STEEL DESIGN

PLATE NO. 3 – DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING

Submitted by:

SERRANO, REY JOHN

Submitted to:
ENGR. MARVIN BASEA
 Plate No. 3 – Design of Combined Footing
Design the combined footing to support the two columns shown. The base of footing is 1.9 m
below the ground surface. Use the ffg. Data : 𝛾𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚³, 𝛾𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 18 𝑘𝑁/𝑚³, fy = 275
MPa. Use 25 mm diameter main bars. Allowable soil bearing pressure , qa = 170k kPa

Column 1 Column 2

PDL = 460 kN PLL = 530 kN

PDL = 380 kN PLL = 475 kN

Solving For L: 𝑥𝑔=𝐿/2

P 𝑃2
P = 𝑃𝐷𝐿 + 𝑃𝐿𝐿 𝑃1

𝑃1 = 460 kN + 380 kN = 840 kN

𝑃2 = 530 kN + 475 kN = 1005 kN 𝑋1

P = 840 kN + 1005 kN = 1845 kN
𝑋2
𝑋1 = 0.15 m
𝑋2 = 0.15 m + 4.5 m = 4.65 m
𝑋𝑔 = ?

Pxg = 𝑃1 𝑋1 + 𝑃2 𝑋2

1845kN (𝑋𝑔 ) = 840 kN(0.15 m) + 1005 kN(4.65 m)

𝑋𝑔 = 2.601219512 m = L/2
L = 5.202439024 m = 5.3 m

b.) Assume d = 680 mm

Total depth of footing = d + ½ (bar dia.) + concrete cover
Total depth of footing = 680 mm + ½ (25 mm) + 75 mm
Total depth of footing = 767.5 mm = 775 mm

Height of soil above footing = 1.9 m – 0.775 m = 1.125 m

qe = qa - γ𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 (df) - γ𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 (Hsoil)

qe = 170 kPa -24kN/𝑚3 (0.775 m) - 18 kN/𝑚3 (1.125 m)

qe = 131.15 kPa
𝑃
Area of footing = 𝑞𝑒

1845 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑓 = 131.15 𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 14.06786123
B = 2.65431344 m = 2.7 m

⸫ Try 2.7 m x 5.3 m x 0.775 m

Footing size

c.) check “d” for two way or puching shear :

𝑃𝑢1 = 1.2(460) + 1.6(380) = 1160 kN

𝑃𝑢2 = 1.2(530) + 1.6(475) = 11396 kN
Pu = 𝑃𝑢1 + 𝑃𝑢2
Pu = 1160 kN + 1396 kN
Pu = 2556 kN

2566 𝑘𝑁
qu = 2.7 𝑚 (5.3 𝑚) = 178.6163522 kPa

qu = 0.1786163522 MPa = 0.179 MPa

 0.3 m 4.15 m 0.4 m 0.45 m

0.68 m 0.68 m 0.68 m

1.2 m 1.15 m

2.7 m
0.3 m 0.98 m 0.4 m
0.64 m
1.08 m
1.2 m 1.15 m

𝑉𝑢2 𝑉𝑢2 𝑉𝑢2

5.3 m

Column 1:

Bo = 0.64(2) + 0.98 = 2.26 m or 2260 mm

𝑉𝑢1 = 𝑃𝑢1 – qu (A shaded)
𝑉𝑢1 = 1160 kN – 178.616 kPa (0.64x0.98)
𝑉𝑢1 = 1047. 972045 kN
𝑉𝑢1 = 1047.972 kN

⌀𝑉𝑐1 = 1/3 √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 bod

√20.7 (2260𝑚𝑚)(680𝑚𝑚)
⌀𝑉𝑐1 = 1/3 ( )
1000
⌀𝑉𝑐1 = 1748.004447 kN
⌀𝑉𝑐1 = 1748.004 kN

1748.004 kN > 1047.972 kN

⸫ Safe

Column 2:

Bo = 1.08(4) = 4.32 m or 4320 mm

𝑉𝑢2 = 𝑃𝑢1 – qu (A shaded)
𝑉𝑢2 = 1396 kN – 178.616 kPa (1.08m)2
𝑉𝑢2 = 1187.662298 kN
𝑉𝑢2 = 1187.662 kN

⌀𝑉𝑐2 = 1/3 √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 bod

√20.7 (4320𝑚𝑚)(680𝑚𝑚)
⌀𝑉𝑐2 = 1/3 ( )
1000
⌀𝑉𝑐2 = 3341.318236 kN
⌀𝑉𝑐2 = 3341.318 kN

3341.318 kN > 1187.662 kN

⸫ Safe
d. check “d” for one way or wide beam shear:

𝑉𝑢1 = qu (0.3+0.68)(2.7)-1160kN
𝑉𝑢1 = -687.382064 kN
𝑉𝑢1 = -687.382 kN

𝑉𝑢2 = qu (0.45+0.4+0.68)(2.7)
𝑉𝑢2 = -685.137304 kN
𝑉𝑢2 = -685.137 kN

𝑉𝑢3 = qu (0.45-0.68)(2.7)
𝑉𝑢3 = 110.920536 kN
𝑉𝑢3 = 110.921 kN
MaxVu= 687.382 kN

⌀Vc = 1/6 √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 (bw)d

√20.7 (2700𝑚𝑚)(680𝑚𝑚)
⌀Vc = 1/6 ( )
1000
⌀𝑉𝑐 = 1044.161949 kN
⌀𝑉𝑐 = 1044.162 kN

1044.162 kN > 687.382 kN

⸫ Safe

e.) Design of main bars along length:

𝑃𝑢 1160 𝑘𝑁
W1= 0.31= 0.3 𝑚

W1 = 3866.6666667 kN/m = 3866.667 kN/m

𝑃𝑢 1396 𝑘𝑁
W2= 0.42= 0.4 𝑚

W2 = 3490 kN/m

Wu = 178.616 kPa(2.7 m)

Wu = 482.263 kN/m

𝑊𝑢

𝑀3 𝑀4

𝑀2
From the shear moment diagram:

𝑋 4.15𝑚
= 1015.3212+986.07025
1015.3212

X = 2.105326762 m = 2.105 m

M = area of shear diagram

𝑀1 = ½ (0.3)(-1015.312) = -152.298 kN-m
𝑀2 = ½ (0.3+2.105)(-1015.312) = -1220.924 kN-m
𝑀3 = -1220.924 + ½ (4.15-2.105)(986.07025)
𝑀3 = -212.667 kN-m
0.45
𝑀4 = 217.02455(0.45)+ = 97.886 kN/m
2

𝐵1 =0.85

𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75Pb
0.85(20.7)(0.85) 600
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75( )( )
275 600+275
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.02796919481

1.4 1.4
𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑦 = 275 = 0.00509
B = 2.7 = 2700 mm
𝜋
𝐴𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 4 (25)2 = 490.8738521 𝑚𝑚2

d = 680 mm

Section 1 2 3 4
Moment, Mu -152.298 kN-m -1220.924 kN-m -212.667 kN-m 97.886 kN-m
𝑀
Rn = ∅𝑏𝑑2 0.01355408176 0.1086587068 0.1892674826 8.711571048

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 0.0004930656 0.0003964534 0.00006919874 0.05765847581

P= 𝑓𝑦

Use p 0.00509 0.00509 0.00509 0.00509

As = Pbd 9345.24 9345.24 9345.24 9345.24
𝐴𝑠 19.0379666 19.0379666 19.0379666 19.0379666
N = 𝐴𝑏

Use N 20 20 20 20

Location TOP TOP TOP TOP

For bar along width

Column 1

𝑏1 = 𝐶1 +0.75d
𝑏1 = 300+0.75(680)= 810 mm
d = 680-25 = 655 mm

1.22
𝑀𝑢1 = 178.616(0.81)( 2 )
𝑀𝑢1 = 104.168512 kN/m
𝑀𝑢1 = 104.169 kN/m

Column 2

𝑏2 = 𝑐2 + 0.75d
𝑏2 = 400+0.75(680) = 910 mm
1.152
𝑀𝑢2 = 178.616(0.91)( )
2
𝑀𝑢2 = 107.480 kN/m

Section 1 2
Moment, Mu 104.169 107.48
𝑀
Rn = ∅𝑏𝑑2 0.333064 0.305887

0.85 𝑓′𝑐 2𝑅𝑛 0.009123099042 0.008378194103

P= (1-√1 − 0.85 𝑓′𝑐 )
𝑓𝑦

Use p 0.00509 0.00509

As = Pbd 2700.4995 3033.8945
𝐴𝑠 5.501 6.181
N = 𝐴𝑏

Use N 6 7
Location BOTTOM BOTTOM

Solve for shrinkage reinforcements

Ast = Pbd = 0.002(1000)(775)

Ast = 1550 𝑚𝑚2

1550
N=𝜋 = 3.158
(25)2
4

N = 4 pcs per meter

n. spacing of rebars (along length)

𝜋𝑑𝑏 2 𝜋𝑑(25)2
S = 4𝑃𝑑 = 4(0.00509)(680)

S = 141.822 = 140 mm

Along width

𝜋𝑑𝑏 2 𝜋𝑑(25)2
S = 4𝑃𝑑 = 4(0.00509)(680)

S= 141.822 = 140 mm

Shrinkage bars

1000
S = 3.158 = 316.656 = 300 mm o.c
 Plate No.3 – Design of Combined Footing

Given the ffg. Column properties and loads:

Column 1 Column 2

300 mm x 300 mm 380 mm x 380 mm

4 – 25 mm bars 6 – 25 mm bars

DL = 380 kN DL = 470 kN

LL = 320 kN LL = 435 kN

Design a suitable trapezoidal – shaped footing. Use f`c = 28 MPa , fy = 375 MPa , and assume qe
= 135 kPa. Use 20 mm main bars and 16 mm temperature bars with fy = 275 MPa Use NSCP 2010/2015

Solution:

𝑃1 = 380 𝑘𝑁 + 320 𝑘𝑁 = 700 𝑘𝑁

𝑃2 = 470 𝑘𝑁 + 435 𝑘𝑁 = 905 𝑘𝑁
𝑃 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2
𝑃 = 700 𝑘𝑁 + 905 𝑘𝑁 = 1605 𝑘𝑁

𝑃𝑋𝑔 = 𝑃1 𝑋1 + 𝑃2 𝑋2
0.3 𝑚
𝑋1 = = 0.15 𝑚
2
0.38 𝑚
𝑋2 = 4 𝑚 − = 3.81 𝑚
2
(1605 𝑘𝑁)𝑋𝑔 = 700 𝑘𝑁 (0.15 𝑚) + 905 𝑘𝑁 (3.81 𝑚)
𝑋𝑔 = 2.214 𝑚

𝑃 1605 𝑘𝑁
𝐴= = = 11.889 𝑚2
𝑞𝑒 135 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
1
𝐴1 = (𝑎)(4 𝑚) = 2𝑎 𝑚
2
1
𝐴2 = (𝑏)(4 𝑚) = 2𝑏 𝑚
2
𝐴 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2
11.889 𝑚2 = 2 (𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑚
𝑎 = 5.9445 𝑚 − 𝑏 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1

1 2
𝐴𝑋𝑔 = 𝐴1 ( ) (4 𝑚) + 𝐴2 ( ) (4 𝑚)
3 3
(11.889 𝑚2 )(2.214 𝑚) = 2𝑎 𝑚 (1.333 𝑚) + 2𝑏 𝑚 (2.667 𝑚)
𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 9.873 𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2

Substitute “a” in equation 1 to equation 2

5.9445 𝑚 − 𝑏 + 2𝑏 = 9.873 𝑚
𝑏 = 3.9265 𝑚
𝑎 = 5.9445 𝑚 − 3.9265 𝑚 = 2.018 𝑚

𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑎 = 2.1 𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 4 𝑚

4
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = (2.1 𝑚 + 4 𝑚) ( 𝑚) = 12.2 𝑚2
2
12.2 𝑚2 > 11.889 𝑚2 ∴ 𝑜𝑘

L=4m

2.6667

1.3333

380
300

300 380
𝑃𝑢1 = 1.2 (380 𝑘𝑁) + 1.6 (320 𝑘𝑁) = 968 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢2 = 1.2 (470 𝑘𝑁) + 1.6 (435 𝑘𝑁) = 1260 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢1 + 𝑃𝑢2
𝑃𝑢 = 968 𝑘𝑁 + 1260 𝑘𝑁 = 2228 𝑘𝑁

𝑃𝑢 2228 𝑘𝑁
𝑞𝑢 = = = 182.623 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐴𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 12.2 𝑚2

𝑘𝑁
𝑊1 = 𝑞𝑢 (𝑎) = 182.623 (2.1 𝑚) = 383.508 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚2
𝑘𝑁
𝑊2 = 𝑞𝑢 (𝑎) = 182.623 2 (4 𝑚) = 730.492 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑚

968 kN 1260 kN

383.508

x/3
730.492

𝑦 730.492 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 − 383.508 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

= ; 𝑦 = 86.746𝑥
𝑥 4𝑚

𝑤 = 383.508 𝑘𝑁 + 86.746𝑥

𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒚 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒙; 4m

2.1 m 4m
𝑧 4 𝑚 − 2.1 𝑚
= ; 𝑧 = 0.475𝑥
𝑥 4𝑚

𝑏 = 2.1 𝑚 + 0.475𝑥
4m

2.1 m

4m
𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

↓ + ∑𝐹 = 0
1
𝑉 = 383.508 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (𝑥) + 2 (86.746𝑥) (𝑥) − 968 𝑘𝑁
𝑉 = 43.373 𝑥 2 + 383.508 𝑥 − 968 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1

↻ + ∑𝑀 = 0
𝑥2 1 𝑥
𝑀 = 383.508 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 ( ) + (86.746 𝑥)(𝑥) ( ) − (968 𝑘𝑁)(𝑥 − 0.15𝑚)
2 2 3
2 3
𝑀 = 191.754 𝑥 + 14.458 𝑥 − 968𝑥 + 145.2 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑑 = 620 𝑚𝑚 ;

𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝟏:

𝑥 = 𝐶1 + 𝑑
𝑥 = 0.3 𝑚 + 0.62 𝑚 = 0.92 𝑚

𝑉𝑢 = 43.373 (0.92)2 + 383.508 (0.92) − 968

𝑉𝑢 = −578.462 𝑘𝑁

𝑏 = 2.1 + 0.475 (0.92) = 2.537 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 2537 𝑚𝑚

1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑
6
1
𝑉𝑐 = √28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (2537 𝑚𝑚) (620 𝑚𝑚)
6
𝑉𝑐 = 1387203 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 1387.203 𝑘𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 (1387.203 𝑘𝑁) = 1040.402 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 < ∅𝑉𝑐 ∴ 𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸

𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝟐:

𝑥 = 𝐿 − 𝐶2 − 𝑑
𝑥 = 4 𝑚 − 0.38 𝑚 + 0.62 𝑚 = 3 𝑚

𝑉𝑢 = 43.373 (3)2 + 383.508 (3) − 968

𝑉𝑢 = 572.881 𝑘𝑁

𝑏 = 2.1 + 0.475 (3) = 3.525 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 3525 𝑚𝑚

1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑
6
1
𝑉𝑐 = √28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (3525 𝑚𝑚) (620 𝑚𝑚)
6
𝑉𝑐 = 1927430 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 1927.43 𝑘𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 (1927.43 𝑘𝑁) = 1445.573 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 < ∅𝑉𝑐 ∴ 𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸
𝑷𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒕 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝟏:

𝑉𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢1 − 𝑞𝑢 𝑥 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑘𝑁 0.62
𝑉𝑢 = 968 𝑘𝑁 − 182.623 (0.3 + ) (0.3 + 0.62) = 865.512 𝑘𝑁
𝑚 2

620
𝑏𝑜 = 2 (300 + ) + (300 + 620) = 2140 𝑚𝑚
2

1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑
3
1
𝑉𝑐 = √28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (2140 𝑚𝑚) (620 𝑚𝑚)
3
𝑉𝑐 = 2340255 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 2340.255 𝑘𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 (2340.255 𝑘𝑁) = 1755.191 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 < ∅𝑉𝑐 ∴ 𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸

𝑷𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒕 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝟐:

𝑉𝑢 = 𝑃𝑢2 − 𝑞𝑢 𝑥 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑘𝑁 0.62
𝑉𝑢 = 1260 𝑘𝑁 − 182.623 (0.38 + ) (0.38 + 0.62) = 1133.990 𝑘𝑁
𝑚 2

620
𝑏𝑜 = 2 (380 + ) + (380 + 620) = 2380 𝑚𝑚
2

1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓′𝑐 𝑏𝑑
3
1
𝑉𝑐 = √28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (2380 𝑚𝑚) (620 𝑚𝑚)
3
𝑉𝑐 = 2602714 𝑁 𝑜𝑟 2602.714 𝑘𝑁
∅𝑉𝑐 = 0.75 (2602.714) = 1952.036 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 < ∅𝑉𝑐 ∴ 𝑆𝐴𝐹𝐸

𝑳𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

𝑥 = 0.3 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 191.754 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (0.3 𝑚)2 + 14.458 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (0.3 𝑚)3 − 968 𝑘𝑁(0.3 𝑚) + 145.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑢 = −127.552 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

𝑏 = 2.1 𝑚 + 0.475 (0.3) = 2.243 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 2243 𝑚𝑚

𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝟐:

𝑥 = 4 𝑚 − 0.38 𝑚 = 3.62 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 191.754 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (3.62 𝑚)2 + 14.458 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (3.62 𝑚)3 − 968 𝑘𝑁(3.62 𝑚) + 145.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑢 = −160.281 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

𝑏 = 2.1 𝑚 + 0.475 (3.62 𝑚) = 3.820 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 3820 𝑚𝑚

𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 (𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐 𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓)

𝑉 = 43.373 𝑥 2 + 383.508 𝑥 − 968 = 0
𝑥 = 2.049 𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 191.754 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (2.049 𝑚)2 + 14.458 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (2.049 𝑚)3 − 968 𝑘𝑁 (2.049 𝑚) + 145.2 𝑘𝑁
𝑀𝑢 = −908.797 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

𝑏 = 2.1 𝑚 + 0.475 (2.049𝑚) = 3.073 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 3073 𝑚𝑚

𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

𝒂𝒕 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝟏:

𝑥 = 𝐶1 + 0.75 (𝑑)
𝑥 = 0.3 𝑚 + 0.75 (0.62 𝑚)
𝑥 = 0.765 𝑚

𝑏 = 2.1 𝑚 + 0.475 (0.765 𝑚)

𝑏 = 2.463 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 2463 𝑚𝑚

2.1 𝑚 − 0.3 𝑚 2.1 m

𝐿1 = = 0.9 𝑚
2
2.463 𝑚 − 0.3 𝑚
𝐿2 = = 1.0815 𝑚
2
𝐿1 ∓ 𝐿2
𝐿=
2
0.9 𝑚 + 1.0815 𝑚
𝐿= = 0.991 𝑚
2

𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 (𝑥) ( )
2
𝑘𝑁 (0.991 𝑚)2
𝑀𝑢 = 182.623 (0.765 𝑚) ( )
𝑚 2
𝑀𝑢 = 68.602 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

𝒂𝒕 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝟐:
L=4m
𝑥1 = 𝐶2 + 0.75 (𝑑)
𝑥1 = 0.38 𝑚 + 0.75 (0.62 𝑚)
𝑥1 = 0.845 𝑚

𝑥 = 4 𝑚 − 0.845 𝑚 = 3.155 𝑚

𝑏 = 2.1 𝑚 + 0.475 (3.155 𝑚)

𝑏 = 3.599 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 3599 𝑚𝑚

4 𝑚 − 0.38 𝑚
𝑦1 = = 1.81 𝑚
2 4m
3.599 𝑚 − 0.38 𝑚
𝑦2 = = 1.6095 𝑚
2
𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝐿=
2
 1.81 𝑚 + 1.6095 𝑚
𝐿= = 1.710 𝑚
2

𝐿2
𝑀𝑢 = 𝑞𝑢 (𝑥) ( )
2
𝑘𝑁 (1.710 𝑚)2
𝑀𝑢 = 182.623 (0.845 𝑚) ( )
𝑚 2
𝑀𝑢 = 225.618 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 𝜌𝑏
0.85 (28 𝑀𝑃𝑎)(0.85)(600)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75 ( ) = 0.02490
375 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (600 + 375)
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00373
𝑓𝑦 375 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜋
𝐴𝑏 = (20)2 = 314.159 𝑚𝑚2
4

Section A B C D E
𝑏 (𝑚𝑚) 2243 3073 3820 765 845
𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝑀𝑢 (𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚) 127.552 908.797 160.281 68.602 225.618
𝑀𝑢 0.16437 0.85483 0.12128 0.25921 0.77178
𝑅𝑢 =
∅𝑏𝑑2
0.00044 0.00232 0.00032 0.00070 0.00209
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 2𝑅𝑢
𝜌= (1 − √1 − )
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜌𝑏𝑑 0.00373 0.00373 0.00373 0.00373 0.00373
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 5187.162 7106.620 8834.132 1769.139 1954.147
𝐴𝑠 16.511 22.621 28.120 5.631 6.220
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑁 =
𝐴𝑏
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑁 17 23 29 6 7
𝐿𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 TOP TOP TOP BOTTOM BOTTOM

𝑺𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒔: 𝑼𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝒎 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒇𝒚 = 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
1
ℎ = 620 𝑚𝑚 + (20 𝑚𝑚) + 75 𝑚𝑚 = 705 𝑚𝑚
2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 0.00373 𝑏ℎ = 0.00373 (1000 𝑚𝑚)(705 𝑚𝑚) = 2629.65 𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠 2629.65 𝑚𝑚2
𝑁= = 𝜋 = 13.079 𝑠𝑎𝑦 14 𝑝𝑐𝑠. 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑏 (16 𝑚𝑚) 2
4
1000
𝑆= = 76.460 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 75 𝑚𝑚 𝑜. 𝑐
13.079
𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉:

0.00373 𝐴𝑏 𝑓𝑦 0.02(314.159 𝑚𝑚2 )(375 𝑀𝑃𝑎)

𝐿𝑑 = 𝑙𝑑𝑏 = = = 445.279 𝑚𝑚
√𝑓′𝑐 √28 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑜𝑟
𝐿𝑑 = 0.06 𝑑𝑏 𝑓𝑦 = 0.06 (20 𝑚𝑚)(375 𝑀𝑃𝑎) = 450 𝑚𝑚

𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒍𝒅 𝒇𝒖𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒅 (𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝟏)

900 𝑚𝑚 + 300 𝑚𝑚 − 75 𝑚𝑚 = 1125 𝑚𝑚 ∴ 𝑜𝑘

L=4 m

20 mm
20 mm
16 mm
20 mm

2.1 m 4m

23-20 mm

17-20 mm
29-20 mm

6-20 mm 6-20 mm

14-16 mm 7-20 mm
7-20 mm
@75 mm o.c