Inhalation Hazard Assessment
Inhalation Hazard Assessment
Inhalation Hazard Assessment
Quantitative and
Qualitative Assessment for
Gas and Vapour
By,
Dr Ahmad Rasdan Ismail
Associate Professor
College of Health Sciences, UOS, UAE
1
1 Gather information
Assess adequacy of existing control measures 6 Assess adequacy of existing control measures
7 Conclude assessment
Go through task
YES Monitoring NO
data
QUANTITATIVE available QUALITATIVE
NO YES
Additive Assign MR
effect? (Table 8 – Table 13)
Obtain ER
Based on:
10
Answer for Example 1
1. Calculate the 8-hr TWA
=0.3(240)+0.2(240
240 +240
= 0.25 mg/m3
Exposure rating =5
S1 300 0.03
Abu Lead
S2 180 0.1
a) Frequency of exposure, F
b) Duration of exposure, D
c) Frequency-duration rating, FDR
d) Intensity or magnitude of exposure
• degree of chemica l released
• degree of chemical inhaled.
5 x ≥ 7 hours
4 4 ≤x <7 hours
3 2 ≤ x <4 hours
2 1 ≤ x <2 hours
1 x < 1 hours
2 2 2 3 3 4
3 2 3 3 4 4
4 2 3 4 4 5
5 3 4 4 5 5
• Observation (Table 8)
• Using direct reading measurement (Table 9)
• physicochemical properties,
• process characteristics,
• quantity used
• method of handling
• atmospheric conditions.
Degree Observation
Low Low or little release into the air.
• No contamination of air, clothing and
work surfaces with chemicals.
• Low volatility with the boiling point more
than 150°C at room temperature (20°C). **
• Low dustiness such as pellet like solids that
don’t break up. Little dust is seen during
use e.g. PVC pellets, waxed flakes.
Note:
*Refer to Appendix 9.
**Refer to Appendix 10
Degree Observation
Moderate • Moderate release such as:
a) Solvents with medium drying time* in uncovered
containers or exposed to work environment;
b) Detectable odour of chemicals. Check the odour
threshold.
Degree Observation
high • Substantial release such as:
a)Solvents with fast drying time* in uncovered
containers;
b) Sprays or dust clouds in poorly ventilated areas;
c)Chemicals with high rates of evaporation exposed to
work environment;
d)Detectable odour of chemicals with odour threshold
at/above PEL/ OEL.
• High volatility with the boiling point less than 50°C at
room temperature (20°C). **
• High dustiness such as fine, light powders. When used,
dust clouds can be seen to form and remain in the air for
several minutes e.g. cement, carbon black, chalk dust.
• Gross contamination of air, clothing and work surfaces
with
Note: *Refer to Appendix 9; ** Refer to Appendix 10
©2020 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved. 26
Qualitative Evaluation: MR
In the absence of personal exposure measurement data.
Estimation of Degree of chemical release or presence using direct
reading measurement
May also be used as screening tools to check against “worst
case”
Make decision in the needs for the costly personal exposure
monitoring data.
LOW 1 2 3
DEGREE OF
MODERATE 2 3 4
HIGH 3 4 5
CE
1 1 2 2 2 3
FREQUENCY RATING/
DURATION RATING
2 2 2 3 3 4
3 2 3 3 4 4
4 2 3 4 4 5
(FDR)
5 3 4 4 5 5
• Where
– RRisthe risk rating (1to 25)indicating the likelihood of injury or illness;
– HR is the hazard rating (1 to 5) indicating the severity of
adverse effects;and
– ER is the exposure rating (1 to 5) indicating the chance of overexposure to
the CHTH
Calibration Gas
• A known c oncentration of gas that is used to set
instrument accuracy
Cross Sensitivity
• The predictable response of a detector to compounds
other than the target gas
Zero Check
• Check performed to verify that the instrument reads
true zero