Module-1

Information Security Devices

 Servers
A server is a computer that provides services to the computer
and other devices connected to the network.

Server computer is the more powerful that other computers in

the network.

Hardware also runs special Server software to manage services

 Servers
Different services provided by server:
• Control access to the hardware, software, and
data.
• Centralized storage for software, data, and
information.
• Sharing software.
• Managing network traffic.
 Types of servers

• Print server
• Application server
• Database server
• E-mail server
• Communication server
• Web server
• Authentication server
• File server
 Print Server
• A type of server that
manages printing jobs is
called print server.
• A network with a
centralized printing services
will have a print server.
• This server routs print
jobs to the appropriate
devices.
• It is also priorities the
printing according to order
of request.
 Application Server

An application server is a
program that resides on the
server-side, and it’s a server
programmer providing
business logic behind any
application.

This server can be a part of the

network or the distributed
network.
 Application Server

Main purpose of the application server are:

• A mechanism for reducing the size and complexity of the

client programs.
• For the need to cache and control the data flow for better
performance.
• A mechanism for implementing security for data as well as
end-user traffic.
 Database Server

A type of server that manages

the database of an organization
is called database server.

It is dedicated to database
storage, queries, and retrieval
etc.
 E-mail Server
A type of server that handles a
large volume of incoming,
outgoing, and internal e-mails
is called E-mail server.

Follows a proper protocols for

sending, receiving and
maintaining the mails.
 E-mail Server

Some of the email server are:

SMTP - simple mail transfer protocol, - standard

Internet protocol for outgoing mail.

IMAP - Internet message access protocol- notifies if

client receives an email.
 Communication Servers
A communications server is
a server program or
hardware device
(e.g., router) that allows
multiple computers to
access communications
lines that are connected to
the device.

For example, sharing a

broadband Internet
connection.
 Web Servers
A web server is computer software and underlying
hardware that accepts requests via HTTP or its secure
variant HTTPS

A type of server that is use to host a website available

through internet is called web server. The web server run
specialized software that enables then host website.
 Authentication Servers
Authentication Servers (A-server)
keeps track of the user who login
to the networks.

It also keeps tracks of different

service available to each user on
the network.

They manage and coordinate the

services provided by any other
dedicated servers located on the
network based on authentication
permission.
 File Servers
A file server is a type of server responsible for the storage,
access, and management of data files for a network of
devices.
 File Servers
To file server is discovered to overcome the issues in
existing storage devices like floppy disk, CD like:

• Sensitive data stored in a single location is at risk of

misplacement, theft, or ruin
• Exchanging files within organizations is difficult
when limited to isolated systems

File servers resolve both of these roadblocks by offering a

central repository of network data accessible to users, also
known as clients.
 Network Server

A network server is a computer that provides various shared

resources to workstations and other servers on a computer network.
The shared resources can include disk space, managing the data
traffic, hardware access, and e-mail services.
Servers
 Types of server - Tower Servers
Tower servers are servers in a stand-alone chassis configuration.

They are manufactured with minimal components and software, so

mid-size and enterprise customers can heavily customize the servers
for specific tasks.

For example, tower servers usually do not come with additional

components like advanced graphic cards, high RAM, or
peripherals.

Tower servers are typically targeted to customers who want to

customize their servers and maintain a customized upgrade path.
 Tower Servers
For example, customers can configure tower servers as general-
purpose servers, communication servers, web servers,
or network servers that integrate using HTTP protocols. Buyers
may order the customization they need, or do it themselves when the
tower server is shipped to their site.
 Tower Server
Another usage case is a smaller business that needs a single
powerful server to run multiple processes and applications.

Externally they resemble desktop towers, and—like desktops—they

do not share input devices.

Multiple tower installations will require separate keyboards, mouse,

and monitors; or switches that make it possible to share peripheral
devices.

They can share network storage like any other type of server.
 Tower Server Pros

• Efficient scalability: Tower servers come with minimal

configuration, so IT can customize and upgrade them based on
business needs. They are less expensive to buy than a fully loaded
server.

• Low cooling costs: With their low component density, towers are
less expensive to cool than dense racks or blades.
 Tower Server Cons

• Upgrade expense. Many customers buy tower servers for the

customization and not low capital costs. High-end hardware
components and software will raise the ongoing price considerably.

• Large footprint: These servers do not fit in racks and consume

data center space. They require opening the enclosure to
troubleshoot and add or upgrade internal components.

• Awkward peripheral management: In multiple tower server

environments, IT must invest in switches or re-plug external devices
into each separate server.
 Rack Server
A rack server is a server mounted inside a rack. Rack servers are
typically general-purpose servers that support a broad range of
applications and computing infrastructure. The racks stack
servers vertically to save data center floor space. The more
equipment that admins can stack vertically, the more equipment
they can house.
 Rack Server Pros
• Self-contained: Each rack server has everything necessary to run
as a stand-alone or networked system: its own power source,
CPU, and memory. This enables rack servers to run intensive
computing operations.
• Efficiency: Rack-mounted servers and other computing devices
make highly efficient use of limited data center space. Rack
servers can be easily expanded with additional memory, storage,
and processors. And it’s physically simple to hot-swap rack
servers if admins have shared or clustered the server data for
redundancy.
• Cost-effective: Smaller deployments offer management and
energy efficiency at lower cost.
 Rack Server Cons
• Power usage: Densely populated racks require more cooling
units, which raises energy costs. Large numbers of rack servers
will raise energy needs overall.

• Maintenance: Dense racks require more troubleshooting and

management time.
Blade Server
 Blade Servers
A blade server is a server enclosure that houses
multiple modular circuit boards called server blades.

Most blade servers are stripped down to CPUs,

network controllers, and memory.

Some have internal storage drives. Any other

components—like switches, ports, and power
connectors—are shared through the chassis.
 Blade Servers

Admins can cluster blades or manage and operate each individually as

its own separate server, such as assigning applications and end-users
to specific blades.

Their modular architecture supports hot swaps. Blades have small

external handles, so it’s a simple matter to pull out or replace them.

Blade servers have high processing power to serve complex

computing needs. They can scale to high performance levels, if the
data center has enough cooling and energy to support the dense
infrastructure.
 Blade Server Pros

• Low energy spend: Instead of powering and cooling multiple

servers in separate racks, the chassis supplies power to multiple
blade servers. This reduces energy spend.
• Processing Power: Blade servers provide high processing power
while taking up minimal space.
• Multi-Purpose: They can host primary operating systems
and hypervisors, databases, applications, web services, and other
enterprise-level processes and applications.
• Availability: The blade server environment simplifies centralized
monitoring and maintenance, load balancing, and clustered failover.
Hot swapping also helps to increase system availability.
 Blade Server Cons
• Upfront costs: Initial capital, deployment, and configuration
costs can be high.

• Energy costs: High density blade servers require advanced

climate controlling devices.

Heating, cooling, and ventilation are all necessary expenditures in

order to maintain blade server performance.
 Storage Devices – Direct Attached storage
Direct attached storage is the most basic level of storage, in
which storage devices are part of the host computer or directly
connected to it.
 Storage Devices – Storage Area Networks (SAN)

• A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a dedicated storage

network that provides central access to block level data
storage devices.
• Provides block-based storage and leaves file system concern on
the client side.
• Primarily used to access disk arrays and tape libraries.
• The devices appear like locally attached devices to the operating
system.
• Offer storage high availability and flexibility
• Most SAN networks rely on the Small Computer System
Interface (SCSI) protocol for communication between servers
and disk drive devices
 Storage Devices – Fibre Channel
• Fibre channel (FC) is a multi-layered network that define
charactertics and functions for moving data across the
network.
• FC is the most used SAN communication network standard.
Fibre Channel Components
Storage Devices
 Storage Devices - SAN
Advantages

• Centralized storage for many servers

• Fastest access time
• Easily expandable and flexible
• High level of redundancy and high availability

Disadvantages

• Very expensive
• Complicated solution requires specialized skills and
trained experts