SHREE DATTA S.S.S.K.

LTD, CHARITABLE TRUST’S

SHREE DATTA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, DATTANAGAR SHIROL.

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON

“ Water Pollution.”

SUBMITTED BY
NAME
MR. Venkatesh Annaso Tashildar.

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Ms.A.A.NALBAND.

YEAR
2023-2024

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

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 SHREE DATTA S.S.S.K.LTD, CHARITABLE TRUST’S
SHREE DATTA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, DATTANAGAR SHIROL.

PROJECT REPORT
ON

SUBMITTED BY

NAME ROLL NO
MR. Venkatesh Annaso Tashildar. 3225

Guided By
Ms.A.A.Nalband.

Year
2023-2024
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
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 SHREE DATTA S.S.S.K.LTD, CHARITABLE TRUST’S
SHREE DATTA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, DATTANAGAR SHIROL.

This is to certify that the project member completed their work on the
project report titled.

SUBMITTED BY

MR. Venkatesh Annaso Tashildar.

Has satisfactory completed and delivered a project report in

fulfillment of “Diploma in Computer Engineering” From Shree Datta
Polytechnic College, Dattanagar, Shirol of MSBTE, Mumbai during the
academic year 2023-24 .This is the record of their own work carried under
the supervision and guidance of,

MS.A.A.Nalband. Mr. S.P.Chavan. Mr. P.R.Patil.

GUIDE H.O.D PRINCIPAL

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of any work involves the effort of many mentors, I

have been lucky to have received a lot of help and support from all parts of
quarters during the making of this project. So with gratitude, I take this
opportunity to acknowledge all those guidance and encouragement helped
me too successfully.
I am greatly thankful to our respected Principal, Mr. P.R.Patil. for his
facilities and support extended towards me.
I consider it a privilege and honor to express my sincere gratitude to our
Head of the Engineering and Project coordinator Mr. S.P.Chavan ( H.O.D ).
For his valuable support and encouragement.
I also grateful to our guide Ms.A.A.Nalband Department of Computer
Engineering for his valuable support and guidance.
I am also indebted and grateful to the teaching and non-teaching staffs
of our Department who extended their unlimited support and help.
At last, I would like to thank my parents and friends for providing
encouragement and moral support without which this was not possible.

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 INDEX

S. PAGE NO.
CONTENT
NO.

6
1 Rationale
6
2 Aim of the Micro-Project

Course Outcomes Achievements 6

3

Literature Review 7
4

Methodology 7
5

Actual Resources Used 8

6

Output of micro project 9

7

Skills developed/learning 19
8
outcomes of his microproject
Applications of Micro-Project 19
9

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 Rationale
We know water’s another name is life. Water is one of the most
important natural resources, which is absolutely essential in having life and
living life. A part from sustaining life, water is used for various essential
purposes. And water pollution is again a major global problem, which harms
the comfortable living of us. It has been proved that water pollution is a major
cause of death and disease worldwide. In the world everyday more than 1400
people die for water pollution only. The amount of water pollution in India has
increased to such an extent that it has become serious and many people are
suffering from various diseases due to this water pollution.

Aim of the Micro-Project

The micro-project on water pollution aims to raise awareness, identify local
sources of contamination, implement targeted solutions, and ultimately
improve water quality. Benefits include community education, environmental
conservation, and the promotion of sustainable water management practices.

Course Outcomes Achievements

1. *Understanding of Environmental Impact*: The project enhances your
understanding of the environmental impact of water pollution,
demonstrating your ability to identify and analyze its effects on
ecosystems.
2. *Environmental Ethics*: Through your project, you may showcase a
commitment to environmental ethics, emphasizing the importance of
responsible and sustainable practices to address water pollution.
3. *Application of Scientific Knowledge*: The project demonstrates the
application of scientific principles and knowledge in assessing and
addressing real-world environmental challenges, showcasing your
ability to connect theory to practice.

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 Literature Review
The water pollution project achieved significant course outcomes,
including an in-depth understanding of environmental impact, honed
research and data analysis skills, and proficiency in problem-solving.
Through effective communication of findings, the project showcased strong
analytical abilities, coupled with an awareness of regulatory frameworks
and a commitment to environmental ethics. Collaboration within a team
setting demonstrated interpersonal skills. The project also illustrated the
application of scientific knowledge to address real-world challenges,
contributing to a comprehensive skill set aligning with the goals of
environmental science coursework. Overall, it emphasized environmental
awareness, ethical responsibility, and practical application of theoretical
knowledge.

Methodology
 Develop Public awareness about environment
 Select alternative energy resources for Engineering Practice
 Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity
 Apply techniques to reduce Environmental Pollution
 Manage social issues and Environmental Ethics as lifelong learning.

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 Actual Resources Used
S. No. Name of Resource Specifications Qty. Remark

1. Computer System Processor i7 1 ok

RAM 32Gb

2. Internet To collect 1 ok
information
from various
website

3. M. S. Word Text editor 1 ok

4. VS Code Code editor 1 ok

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 Output of micro project
WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is the contamination of water in water bodies such as rivers,
oceans, lakes, and swamps. This means that one or more substances have built
up in water to the extent of causing problems to people, animals and plants.
Addition of certain substances to the water such as organic, inorganic,
biological, radiological heat which degrades the quality of water so that it
becomes unfit for use. Water pollution is not only confirmed to surface water,
but it has also spread to ground water, sea and ocean.
Water Resources On Earth
About three fourths of our planet earth’s surface is covered by water.
However, very little of it is available for consumption. Most (about 97%) of the
water on the earth is present in the seas and oceans. It is too salty to be of any
use for drinking, agriculture and industrial purposes. The remaining 3% and
fresh water. 75% of which is locked up in the polar ice caps and in glaciers and
quite deep under the earth’s surface as underground water. The fresh water,
which we can use, comes to us from two sources:
1.Surface water
2.Ground water
1.Surface Water
Rain and snow are good natural resources of fresh water. It is estimated that of
all the precipitation (rain water and snow) that falls on the earth, about one-
third is absorbed by the plants and another one-third seeps down into the soil
and the remaining one-third runs off the surface into streams and rivers. This
part of precipitation, which runs off to form streams, rivers and lakes,is called
the surface water.

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1. Ground Water
The part of precipitation that seeps into the ground as a result of gravity and
fills the pores between soil particles and rocks under it is called ground water.

Water Pollution Parameters

Water may be called polluted when the following parameters stated reach
beyond a specified concentration in water.
1. Physical Parameter
Colour, order, turbidity, taste, temperature and electrical conductivity
constitute the physical parameters and are good indicators of contamination.
For instance colour and turbidity are visible evidences of polluted water
while an offensive odour or a bitter and difference than normal taste also
makes water unfit for drinking.
2. Chemical Parameters
These include the amount of carbonates, sulphates, chlorides, fluorides,
nitrates and metal ions. These chemicals form the total dissolved soils,
present in water.
3. Biological Parameters
The biological parameters include matter like algae, fungi, viruses,prototozoa
and bacteria. The life forms present in water are effected to a good extent by
the presence of pollutants. The pollutantsin water may cause a reduction in
the population of both lower and higher plants and animals lives. Thus, the
biological parameters give an indirect indication of the amount of pollution in
water.

Cause of Water Pollution

There are many reasons for water pollution. They are discussed below.

01. Sewage and Domestic Wastes

The sewage and waste water that is
produced by each household ischemically treated and
released in tosea with fresh water.
The sewage watercarries harmful
bacteria and chemicalsthat can
cause serious health problems.
Pathogens are known as a common
water pollutant; The sewers of cities
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 house several pathogens and thereby
diseases. Microorganisms in water
are known to be causes of some very
deadly diseases and become the
breeding grounds for other creatures
that act like carriers. These carriers
inflict these diseases via various
forms of contact onto an individual. A
very common example of this process
wouldbe Malaria.
02. Industrial waste
Industries produce huge amount of
waste which contains toxic chemicals
and pollutants which can cause air
pollution and damage to us and our
environment. They contain pollutants
such as lead, mercury, sulphur,
asbestos, nitrates and many other
harmful chemicals. Many industries
do not have
proper waste management system and drain the waste in the fresh
water which goes into rivers, canals and later in to sea. The toxic
chemicals have the capability to change the color of water, increase
the amount of minerals, also known as Eutrophication, change the
temperature of water and pose serious hazard to water organisms.
03. Agricultural Discharges
Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used by farmers to protect
crops from insects and bacterias. They are useful for the plants
growth. However, when these
chemicals are mixed up with water
produce harmful for plants and
animals. Also, when it rains, the
chemicals mixes up with rainwater
and flow down into rivers and canals
which pose serious damages for

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 aquatic animals.
04. Accidental Oil leakage
Oil spill pose a huge concern as large
amount of oil enters into the sea and
does not dissolve with water; there by
opens problem for local marine wildlife
such as fish, birds and sea otters. For e.g.:
a ship carrying large quantity of oil may
spill oil if met with an accident and can
cause varying damage to species in the
ocean depending
on the quantity of oil spill, size of ocean, toxicity of pollutant.
05. Radioactive waste
Nuclear energy is produced using nuclear
fission or fusion. The element that is used in
production of nuclear energy is Uranium
which is highly toxic chemical. The nuclear
waste that is produced by radioactive
materialneeds to be disposed off to prevent
any nuclear accident. Nuclear waste can
have serious environmental hazards if not
disposed
off properly. Few major accidents have already taken place in Russia
and Japan.
06. Thermal Pollutants
These pollutants include the waste chiefly from atomic, nuclear and
thermal power plants. The discharge of un−utilised heat is highest in
the thermal power plants which adversely affect the aquatic
environment. Apart from electric power plants, various industries
withcooling requirement contribute to thermal loading. Recently it
is reported that about 20% more heat is given to cooling waters in
nuclear power plants than fossil fuel plants of equivalent size.

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 07. Mining activities
Mining is the process of crushing the rock and extracting coal and
other minerals from underground. These elements when extracted
inthe raw form contains harmful chemicals
and can increase the amount of toxic
elements when mixed up with water
which may result in health problems.
Mining activities emit several metal
wasteand sulphides from the rocks and
is harmful for the water.
08. Marine dumping
The garbage produce by each
household in the form of paper,
aluminum, rubber, glass, plastic, food
if collected anddeposited into the sea
in some countries. These items take
from 2 weeks to 200 years to
decompose. When such items enters
the sea, they not only cause water
pollution but also harm animals in the
sea.
09. Leakage from sewer lines
A small leakage from the sewer lines can
contaminate the underground water and make it
unfit for the people to drink. Also, when not
repaired on time, theleaking water can come on to
the surface and become a breeding ground for
insects and mosquitoes.
10. Underground storage leakage
Transportation of coal and other petroleum products
through underground pipes is well known. Accidentals leakage may
happen anytime and may cause damage to environment and result
insoil erosion.

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 11. Burning of fossil fuels
Fossil fuels like coal and oil when burnt
produce substantial amount of ash in the
atmosphere. The particles which contain
toxic chemicals when mixed with water
vapor result in acid rain. Also, carbon
dioxide is released from burning of fossil
fuels which result in global warming.
12. Global warming
An increase in earth’s temperature due to
greenhouse effect results in global warming. It
increases the watertemperature and result in death
of aquatic animals and marine species which later
results in water pollution.

Effects of Water Pollution

Water pollution damages human health makes our living
conditionsprecarious and threatens life on the planet.
1. Effects on aquatic ecosystem
• Polluted water reduces Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content,
thereby,
eliminates sensitive organisms like plankton, molluscs and fish etc.
• Biocides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals
directly
eliminate sensitive aquatic organisms.
• Hot waters discharged from industries, when added to water
bodies,lowers its DO content.

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 2. Effects on human health
• The polluted water usually contains
pathogens like virus, bacteria, parasitic
protozoa and worms; therefore, it is a
source of water borne diseases like
jaundice, cholera, typhoid, arnoebiasis
etc.
• Mercury compounds in waste water are
converted by bacterial action into
extremely
toxic methyl mercury, which can cause
numbness of limbs, lips and tongue,
deafness, blurring of vision and mental
derangement.
• Groundwater contains high levels of
arsenic. As a result, the black bruises on the
hands and soles of the feet are called
blackfoot disease.
• Water contaminated with
cadmium can cause itai itai
disease also called ouch−ouch
disease (a painful disease of bones and joints) and
cancer of lungs and liver.
• The compounds of
lead cause
anaemia, headache,
loss of muscle power
and bluish line
around the gum.
• A crippling deformity called Minamata
disease due to consumption of fish
captured from mercury contaminated
Minamata Bay in Japan was detected in
1952.

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 3. Hazards of ground water pollution
• Presence of excess nitrate in drinking water is dangerous for
humanhealth and may be fatal for infants.
• Excess nitrate in drinking water reacts with haemoglobin to form
non−functional methaemoglobin, and impairs oxygen transport.
This condition is called methaemoglobinemia or blue baby
syndrome.
• Excess fluoride in drinking water causes neuro− muscular
disorders,gastro−intestinal problems, teeth deformity, hardening of
bones and stiff and painful joints (skeletal fluorosis).
• High concentration of fluoride ions is present in drinking water in
13states of India. The maximum level of fluoride, which the human
bodycan tolerate is 1.5 parts per million (mg/1 of water). Long term
ingestion of fluoride ions causes fluorosis.
• Over exploitation of ground water may lead to leaching of arsenic
from soil and rock sources and contaminate ground water. Chronic
exposure to arsenic causes lack foot disease. It also causes.
Diarrhoea,Peripheral neuritis, hyperkeratosis and also lung and skin
cancer.
• Arsenic contamination is a serious problem (in tube well dug
areas) m the Ganges Delta, west Bengal causing serious arsenic
poisoning tolarge numbers of people. A 2007 study found that over
137 million people in more than 70 countries are probably affected
by arsenic poisoning of drinking water.
4. Biological Magnification
Heavy metal is harmful to species. When
itinters in the food chain, harms all the
species in the chain through increasing
concentration of toxicants or pollutants
in different trophic levels of the food
chain, which is called biological
magnification. Common examples of
heavy metals are Mercury and DDT.
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 These toxic materialsthat are ingested by
the organisms cannot be metabolized or
excreted. And, therefore
they are passed on to the other trophic levels. Gradually as they go
higher up the trophic levels, the concentration of these toxicants
increases; thereby causing immense damage to the organisms. The
concentration of DDT in fish−eating birds disturbs the calcium
metabolism, thereby leading to thinner egg shells and a gradual
decline in the bird population.

5. Eutrophication
Soaps, phosphates (alkalis) of detergents
mixed with the water of closed ponds,
reservoirs, cause large amounts of algae,
weeds, and weeds to grow. As a result, the
amount of dissolved oxygen in the water
decreases and fish and aquatic animals die.
This is called Eutrophication.

6. Algal Bloom
Excessive algal bloom is harmful. Some
algaeare toxic to human beings and living
organisms. Large amounts of nutrients in
the water are the main cause of harmful
planktonic growth. They ultimately cause
the deterioration of water quality along
with the decline in fish population.
Control of Water Pollution
1. Administration of water pollution control
should be in the hands of state or central
government.
2. Scientific techniques should be adopted for
environmental control of catchment areas of
rivers, ponds or streams.

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 3. Industrial plants should be
based on recycling operations
asit helps prevent disposal of
wastes into natural waters but
also extraction of products
from
waste.
4. Plants, trees and forests control pollution as
they act as natural air conditioners.
5. Trees are capable of reducing sulphur
dioxide and nitric oxide pollutants and hence
more treesshould be planted.
6. No type of waste (treated, partially treated or
untreated) should be discharged into any natural water body.
Industries should develop closed loop water supply schemes and
domestic sewage must be used for irrigation.
7. Qualified and experienced people must be consulted from time
to time for effective control of water pollution.
8. Public awareness must be initiated regarding adverse effects of
water pollution using the media.

9. Laws, standards and practices should be

established to prevent water pollution and
these laws should be modified from time to
time based on current requirements and
technological advancements.
10. Basic and applied research in public
health engineering should be encouraged.

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 Skills developed/learning outcomes of his
microproject
1. *Independent Research:* Cultivate the ability to independently research
and gather information on water pollution sources, effects, and potential
solutions.
2. *Data Analysis Proficiency:* Develop skills in analyzing water quality data,
enabling a deeper understanding of pollutant levels and patterns.
3. *Project Management:* Learn to plan, execute, and manage a small-scale
project, including setting goals, timelines, and tracking progress.
4. *Effective Communication:* Hone communication skills by summarizing and
presenting project findings succinctly, targeting a single-person audience.
5. *Problem-solving Capability:* Strengthen problem-solving abilities by
addressing water pollution issues individually, fostering a proactive approach
to environmental challenges.

Applications of Micro-Project
In a solo microproject on water pollution, I conducted independent research,
analyzed water quality data, and proposed solutions. Through effective
communication, I raised awareness about local water issues. This project
enhanced my skills in research, data analysis, project management,
communication, and proactive problem-solving, contributing to environmental
awareness and sustainable practices.

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