Introduction to Java Programming

Lecture 01: Introduction

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Welcome to the Course

First of all, I would like to welcome you all to this course. This is the first lecture where we will cover the basic
concepts of Java programming. I am Debasis Samanta from IIT Kharagpur, and I will be your instructor for this course.
Assisting me are Tauheed Med, a Research Scholar, and Niranjan Sinhababu, also a Research Scholar. They will act as
TAs and will be available to support and answer your questions. We have a discussion forum where you can ask any
questions, and we will respond as quickly as possible. You can also contact us via email whenever you need
assistance.

Reference Materials
For this course, you will need a few reference materials. I recommend the book "Complete Reference Java 2,"
currently in its 10th edition, published by Tata Mc-Graw Hill. Additionally, I have written a book titled "Object Oriented
Programming with C++ and Java," which is a useful resource for beginners as it is written in a simple and easy-to-
understand manner. I also advise you to visit our course webpage for access to additional materials, including code,
explanations, and frequently asked questions. This webpage will be a valuable resource throughout the course.

Course Overview
This course consists of 60 lectures and is divided into 12 weeks. Each week focuses on specific topics, and we have
planned the lectures and demonstrations accordingly. In addition to lectures, we will also cover demonstrations where
you can see how to run code and understand why a particular output is produced. These demonstrations will provide
you with detailed insights into programming. Towards the end of the course, in the last week, we will cover a project.
This project will allow you to apply the skills you have learned and develop software based on your own experiences.
It will be a mini-project that can be completed in 5 lecture hours, giving you a hands-on experience in programming
and boosting your confidence to develop your own software projects.

History of Java Programming

 Lecture 01: Introduction
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Java programming, now around 23 years old, was first introduced in 1991 by the Green Team at Sun Microsystems.
The Green Team, led by James Gosling, along with Mike Sheridan and Patrick Naughton, introduced the concept of
object-oriented programming and initially named it Greentalk. Java was originally designed for small embedded
systems and electronic appliances. However, it was too advanced for the digital cable television industry at that time.
The Green Team then developed an improved version of the concept called Oak, which was later adopted by Netscape
for their network-related programming.

In 1995, James Gosling introduced the name Java, inspired by the Java island in Indonesia known for producing the
best coffee in the world. Java gained popularity and was recognized as one of the best products by Time Magazine in
the same year. In 1996, Sun Microsystems released the Java Development Kit (JDK), a full set of programming
environment, further solidifying Java's popularity and maturity.

Features of Java Programming

Java programming is known for its simplicity, portability, security, high performance, multi-threading, interpretability,
platform independence, dynamic architecture, neural programming, object orientation, and robustness. These
features make Java a unique and widely popular programming language.

Popularity of Java Programming

Java's popularity is evident in its consistent high scores in comparison to other programming languages. It is the most
popular programming language worldwide. While there are other object-oriented programming languages like C++
and C#, Java stands out with its unique features and widespread use. Its popularity can be attributed to its versatility,
reliability, speed, and accuracy as a programming environment.

Programming Paradigms in Java

Lecture 01: Introduction
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Java programming can be classified into two broad categories: function-oriented programming and object-oriented
programming.

Function-Oriented Programming
In function-oriented programming, programs are decomposed into a set of small functions. These functions share
data, known as global data, which can be read, processed, and stored. C programming language is an example of
function-oriented programming.

Object-Oriented Programming
In object-oriented programming, programs are organized as a set of objects. Objects are created by defining classes,
a process known as encapsulation. Objects communicate with each other to solve problems. Java programming
follows the concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, information hiding, and polymorphism.

Encapsulation
Encapsulation involves defining classes to encapsulate both data and methods. For example, a book class may have
data such as title, author, and cost, along with methods like issue, return, open, and close. Encapsulation allows
objects to be created using these classes.

Inheritance
Inheritance allows the creation of new classes by deriving them from existing classes. For example, a textbook class
can inherit from the book class and add additional features specific to textbooks. Inheritance helps in building a
hierarchy of classes and promotes code reuse.

Information Hiding
Information hiding refers to the practice of making certain methods or data inaccessible to the public. This ensures
that the program is secure and only allows controlled access to specific information.

Polymorphism
Polymorphism allows methods to have the same name but perform different operations based on the context. For
example, a print method can print an image, paste an image onto a document, or merge two documents together.
Polymorphism enhances the flexibility and usability of the program.

Java Programming Capabilities

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Java programming offers a wide range of capabilities, which can be divided into three categories:

Java Core Programming

Java core programming allows you to develop both system software and application software. This involves
understanding concepts such as multithreading, interfaces, input-output handling, Java beans, packages, and
exception handling. Learning these concepts will equip you to write application software using Java core.

Java Applet
Java applet programming is suitable for developing user interfaces, such as graphical user interfaces (GUIs) or
interfaces with speech, registers, or touch. To develop these interfaces, you will need to learn Java multimedia, Java
script, and the Java Swing library.

Internet Programming with Java

Java can be used for internet programming, which includes networking, developing network protocols, distributed
programming (client-server model), database connectivity (JDBC), and Java Server Pages (JSP) scripting. Java's
internet programming capabilities enable communication, remote access to databases, and the development of web
pages and browser programs.

In conclusion, Java programming offers a wide range of features and capabilities, making it a versatile and popular
programming language. With its unique characteristics and widespread use, Java is suitable for various applications
and empowers programmers to develop robust and scalable software.

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