SECTION 2

1. A To solve for y, you should start by moving all the y’s to one side of the equation. If
you subtract 4y from each side, you get 8 = 8y + 24. Now subtract 24 from each
side of the equation, to give you –16 = 8y. Finally, you should divide each side by 8,
which gives you –2 = y.

2. E Let’s plug x = 2 and x = 4 into the answer choices, and see which choice makes f(2)
= 10 and f(4) = 44. If you plug 2 into A, you get 10. B gives you 20. C gives you 18,
and D gives you 8. E gives you 10; leave it in. Now plug in x = 4 into the choices that
remain. A gives you 14, so eliminate it. E gives you 44. Only E works for both of our
numbers, so it must be the answer.

3. A If the probability of picking a blue jelly bean is , then you know that of the beans

in the jar are blue. Let’s try Plugging In The Answers. If there are 78 blue jelly

beans, then you would have a total of 58 + 78 + 78 = 214 beans in the jar. Is 78

equal to of 214? Nope, so C cannot be right. Let’s try B. If there are 56 blue jelly

beans, then you would have a total of 58 + 78 + 56 = 192 beans in the jar. Is 56

equal to of 192? Nope. So let’s try A. If there are 34 blue jelly beans, then there

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will be a total of 58 + 78 + 34 = 170 jelly beans. Is 34 equal to of 170? Yes, so A is

our answer.

4. D To find the 10th term of 3 × 2n, plug 10 in for n: 3 × 210 = 3 × 1,024 = 3,072.

5. B Whenever you see variables in the answer choices, you should plug in. Start by
plugging in a number for x. If x = 10, then 3 more than x is 13. Now you know that
13 is 2 more than y, so y = 11. When you plug in 11 for y in all of the answers, B is
the only one that gives you the answer x = 10, your target answer.

6. E Don’t assume that the figure ABCD must be a rectangle; it doesn’t have to be. All
you need to do here is follow the rules: You know that AB = BC and that BC = 12, so
you now know two of the four sides (sides AB and BC) are equal to 12. You know
that AD is going to be one quarter of AB, so AD must be equal to 3. Finally, you
know that AD is one half of CD, so CD must be equal to 6. This makes the total
perimeter 12 + 12 + 3 + 6, or 33.

7. A Because it is much easier working with numbers than with variables, let’s plug in
some consecutive multiples of 5. Let’s say that a = 5, b = 10, c = 15, and d = 20.
The question then asks for the value of (a – c)(d – b). Using the numbers you just
plugged in, this becomes (5 – 15)(20 – 10), or (–10)(10), which equals –100.

8. A Let’s take this one step at a time. First, just concentrate on the right side: 3b + 3 ≤
18. You can simply treat this like an equation: If you subtract 3 from each side, you

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 get 3b ≤ 15. Now you can divide each side by 3 to get b ≤ 5. This will allow you to
eliminate B and E. Now let’s focus on the left side: –9 ≤ 3b + 3. Again, let’s
subtract 3 from each side, which gives you –12 ≤ 3b. By dividing each side by 3, you
get –4 ≤ b. This will eliminate C and D, so our answer must be A.

9. E Let’s start by finding the amount per bulb when bought in a pack of 6: If you can
buy 6 bulbs for $30, then each bulb will cost $30 ÷ 6, or $5. In a box of 12, each

bulb will cost $48 ÷ 12, or $4. Now you need to figure out the percentage difference

between $5 and $4. The formula for percentage difference is . In this

case, a reduction from $5 to $4 is a difference of $1 over an original price of $5. So

the percentage difference is = 20%.

10. D Start by drawing out the towns. Let’s call the towns V, W, X, Y, and Z. The problem
states that the towns can’t all be in a straight line, so draw them in a pentagon.
Now connect the towns together. From the first town, V, the cartographer would
have to measure 4 distances: VW, VX, VY, and VZ. From town W, she would have to
measure only 3 distances, because she has already measured the distance
from V to W: WX, WY, and WZ. From town X she would have to measure 2
distances: XY and XZ, and from town Y should have to measure the last distance, YZ.
In total, she measured 10 distances between towns.

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11. A Remember that the mode is the number that appears most often in a list. The
number that appears most often (17 times) in the rainfall chart is 0.

12. D If you add up the amount of rainfall accounted for in the chart, you get the
following figures:

5 days of 1 inch = 5 total inches of rain

for a grand total of 28 inches. If you expect 200 inches in a year, what percent of 200

is 28 inches? Translate this into algebra as , and you get x = 14%.

13. B First, find the slope of line l by using the slope formula: . A line

perpendicular to line l must have a slope that is the negative reciprocal of l’s slope.

So, its slope should be − . In the standard line equation y = mx + b, m is the slope.

Only B has a slope of − . If you didn’t remember the rule about the slope of

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 perpendicular lines, you could have sketched out each of the lines and looked for

the answer that looked perpendicular to l.

14. C Choices B and D have negative values, so you can eliminate them right away. Start
with the area of the whole figure. The square has sides of 2, so its area is 4. Now
let’s remove the area of the two semicircles (which is the same as the area of one
whole circle). These semicircles have a radius of 1, so the area of one whole circle
will be π. So the area of the shaded region will be 4 – π.

15. E Let’s plug in the answer choices, starting with C. Twenty minutes is of an hour, so

(using rate × time = distance) Jennifer ran 6 × = 2 miles to school. If she returned

at 4 miles per hour, you can find the time for her return trip using the formula 4

× t = 2. Her return time is hour, or 30 minutes. Her total time is supposed to be

one hour, but here it’s only 50 minutes. Eliminate A, B, and C because they’re too

small. Let’s skip to E; that multiple of 6 looks like it will work better with time units

than 22. Twenty-four minutes is of an hour, so Jennifer ran 6 × = 2.4 miles to

school. If she returned at 4 miles per hour, you can find the time for her return trip

using 4 × t = 2.4. Her return time is of an hour, or 36 minutes. Her total time is

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indeed one hour, so E is the answer.

16. C Because and are each radii of the circle, you know they are equal in length.
This means that the triangle ABC must be isosceles, and the base and the height are

equal. What base and height would give the triangle an area of 18? The base and
height would each have to equal 6, because × 6 × 6 = 18. Because the

circumference of the circle is equal to 2πr, the circumference will be equal to 12π.

17. B Plugging In The Answers is the easiest way to solve this problem. If the radius is 4,
then the area, πr2, is 16π, and the circumference, 2πr, is 8π. The area using the value
in C is twice the circumference, not half. In order to make the area smaller, try B. If
the radius is 1, then the area is π and the circumference is 2π. This is what the
problem asks for! B must be the correct answer.

18. E The statement tells you that Marta will get the project completed on time. You
don’t know if other people could get the project done on time. You cannot
conclude A, B, C, or D because there could be other people that also get projects
completed on time. Also, for B, Marta could be assigned to both Project B and
Project A. You can conclude E: If the project is not on time, then Marta could not
have been assigned to it because if Marta were assigned to it, the project would be
on time.

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19. D You know that any two sides of a triangle must add up to be larger than the third
side. This means that whatever the third side of the triangle is, its value + 5 must be
larger than 7. This means that the third side must be larger than 2. Because the
question specifies that the third side has an integer value, the smallest integer larger
than 2 is 3. So the third side will measure 3, and the perimeter will be 3 + 5 + 7 =
15.

20. C Here’s a good rule of thumb for the SAT: If it looks like a quadratic equation, try to
make it into a quadratic equation. If you try to solve for x, the best way is to move
12 to the same side of the equation, and then factor. x2 – x – 12 = 0 will factor as (x –
4)(x + 3). This means that x could be 4 or –3. You can factor for y in the same way,
so y could also be 4 or –3. The greatest value for x – y will be if x = 4 and y = –3,
which is a difference of 7.

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