POWERING CALCULATIONS

Particulars
LOA = 94 m = 308.414 ft
LWL = 86.04 m = 282.297 ft
LBP = 87.0 m = 285.447 ft
Breadth = 14.5 m = 47.575 ft
Depth = 5.5 m = 18.046 ft
Draft = 3.4 = 11.155 ft
∆ = 2500 tons = 2467.128 tons
Vs = 13.0 knots
CB = 0.57
CP = 0.64
CM = 0.89
CWP = 0.81

A. B/d Ratio
B/d = 47.575 / 11.2
= 4.26470588235294

B. Breadth-draft correction factor

= (B/d-2.25) / 1.5
= 4.26 -2.25 / 1.5
= 1.343

C. Wetted surface correction factor, c is from Figure 20, p.22 Speed and Power of Ships by DW Taylor
cws = c/15.4
= 15.85 / 15.4
= 1.029

D. Length correction factor

f (design) * 500 0.085
α =
LWL(design) 0.085 * f500

Using interpolation for Tideman's frictional constant for ships in salt water,

L in ft f
250 0.009325
285.447 f(design) f285.447 = 0.009258
300 0.00923

f = 0.009258

0.009258 * 1.695948
α =
1.6155 * 0.009258
 α = 1.050

E. Final Rf/∆ correction factor

b = (c/15.4)*α
= 1.029 * 1.05
= 1.080

F. Effective horsepower correction factor

a = 0.00307*∆*√L
= 0.00307 * 2467.1 * 16.895
= 127.965

G. Displacement- Length ratio

∆ 2467.1
=
(L/100)3
(314.976/100)3
2467.128
=
23.258
= 106

H. Speed- Length ratio

Vs 13.0
=
√L √285.447
13.0
=
16.895
= 0.8

I. Propulsive coefficient
P.C. = em * err * eh * et * ep * ea

where:
em = mechanical efficiency
err = relative rotative efficiency
eh = hull efficiency
et = transmission efficiency
ep = propeller efficiency
ea = air foil efficiency

a. em = 96 % to 99.5 %
= 0.97

b. err = 1.05 1.0 to 1.10 according to Baxter, Naval Atchitecture p.212

c. eh = (1-t)
(1-w)
where:
w = wake fraction
 = -0.05 + 0.5CB
= 0.235

t = thrust deduction fraction

= 0.3CB
= 0.3(0.653)
= 0.171

(1-.196)
eh =
(1-.277)
0.829
=
0.765
= 1.084 usually 1.1 to 1.4 according to Basic Principles of Propulsio

d. et = Losses between delivered power (at tailshaft) and that provided by engine
= 0.98 for engine(s) aft according to Ship Resistance and Propulsio

e. ep = 60 % to 75 % Ship Design and Performance for Master and M

assume ep = 0.70

e. ea = 96 % to 98 %
= 0.97

therefore:
P.C. = 0.97*1.05*1.111*0.98*0.68*0.97
= 0.73
f Ships by DW Taylor

speed and power of ships

p.34
axter, Naval Atchitecture p.212
g to Basic Principles of Propulsion

t provided by engine
to Ship Resistance and Propulsion p.10

d Performance for Master and Mates,p.69

Length L (ft) = 285.447 Wetted surface coefficient, cws
Breadth B (ft) = 47.575 WS correction factor
Draft d (ft) = 11.155 Breadth-draft correction factor
∆ tons = 2467.128 Length correction factor, α
CM = 0.890 Final Rf/∆ correction factor, b
AM ft 2
= 472.334 EHP correction factor, a

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Rr/∆ from contours

Rr/∆ correction Rf/∆ from
Rr/∆
for B/H Difference contours for Rf/∆
V/√L (col.3 +
(col.5x B-d (col.2-col.3) 500' ship (col.6 * b)
col.4)
corr.factor) and cws 15.4
B/H = 3.75 B/H = 2.25

0.70 1.390 1.100 0.390 0.290 3.700 3.998 1.490

0.75 1.790 1.500 0.390 0.290 5.500 5.943 1.890
0.80 2.250 1.920 0.443 0.330 6.000 6.483 2.363
Reference: The Speed and Power of Ships by David W. Taylor

BHP at 13knots =
=

Vs BHP
12.671 1279.354 954.029702
13 x
13.516 1541.314 1149.37668

13= 1381.348 hp
 = 15.85
= 1.029 √L = 16.895
= 1.343 ∆/(L/100)3 = 106.076
= 1.05
= 1.080 CP = 0.64
= 127.965 B/H = 4.26470588

9 10 11 12 13 14

Rt/∆ EHP Total HP

EHP FACTOR Vs BHP
(col.7 + (col.9 * (col.11 *
(col.1 * a) (col.1 * √L) (col.13 / PC)
col.8) col.10) 1.25)

5.487 89.576 491.523 11.827 614.404 836.574

7.832 95.974 751.676 12.671 939.595 1279.354
8.846 102.372 905.589 13.516 1131.986 1541.314

1381.348 hp tween scew = 2762.696 HP

1030.088 kw
PROPELLER CALCULATIONS

Particulars
LOA = 94 m = 308.414 ft
LBP = 87.0 m = 285.447 ft
Breadth = 14.5 m = 47.575 ft
Depth = 5.5 m = 18.046 ft
Draft = 3.4 = 11.155 ft
∆ = 2500.000 tons = 2826.376 tons
Vs = 13.0 knots = 13.0 knots
BHP (required) = = 1381.348 hp
Engine = YANMAR
Model = 12AYM-WST 1381.23
Cylinder = 12
Stroke = 180 mm
Bore = 155 mm
Engine rpm = 1900
Propeller rpm = 500 1030.088
Output (MCR) = 1381 hp 1380.815
= 1381 hp
2762.46

1. Shaft horsepower
SHP = BHP * 0.97
= 1381 * 0.97 2060.7952
= 1339.9 hp

2. Delivered horsepower
DHP = SHP * 0.98
= 1339.9 * 0.98
= 1313.1094088 hp

3. Speed of advance
VA = Vs * (1-w)
= 13 * 0.765
= 9.945 knots

4. Propeller rpm (from engine supplier)

rpm = 500 rev/min

5. Propeller rpm at service speed, NP

DHP 1/3
NP = rpm *
SHP 1/3
10.9504921383168
= 500 *
11.0244841945495
10.950
= 500 *
11.024
 = 497 revs/min

6. Basic propeller coefficient, BP

DHP 0.5
BP = NP *
VA 2.5
36.2368515298998
= 497 *
311.89755382501
= 57.7

Using the chart of Wageningen B4-55 screw series the values for B P= 63.3 is read.
The point of intersection between the B P line and the optimum line was traced to obtain the following:

Pitch ratio, P/D Propeller open water efficiency

= 0.9 ηo = 0.47
0.50 to 0.53
Delta, δopt = 300

7. Propeller diameter, D
δopt * VA
D =
NP
300 * 9.945
=
497
= 6.007
= 6.1 ft 1.8597561

8. Pitch, P
= 0.786D
= 0.9 * 6.1
= 5.490 ft 1.6737805

9. Hub diameter, dh
= 0.20 * 6.1
= 1.22 ft 1.4329268

10. Disk area, AO

= /4 * D2
= 0.7854 * 6.1 2

= 29.225 ft2 8.909959

11. Expanded Area, AE

from the BP chart, AE/AO = 0.55
AE = AO * 0.55
= 16.074 ft2
12. Developed Area, AD
= AE/AO * /4 * D2
= 0.55 * 29.225
= 16.074 ft2
AD = AE

Area per blade = 4.018 ft2

13. Projected Area, AP

Using Taylor's approximate formula
= 1.067 - 0.229 * P/D
= 1.067 - 0.229 * 0.9
AP = 12.761 ft2

14. Blade length, Lb

= (D-dh)/2
= 4.880 / 2
= 2.440 ft

15. Blade width

= Ab/Lb
= 4.018 / 2.440
= 1.647 ft

16. Mean width ratio, MWR

= mean developed or expanded width of one blade/diameter
= 1.471 / 6.1
= 0.241

17. Blade width ratio, BWR

= maximum width of blade/diameter
= 1.647 / 6.1
= 0.270

18. Propeller Weight

Schoenherr gives approximate formula for the calculation of propeller weight
Note: hub weight is not included

W = 1.982τζγR3

where
W = weight of all blades
τ = blade thickness fraction
ζ = blade area ratio
γ = specific weight of blade material
= 8.30 tons/m3 for bronze manganese
 R = propeller tip radius = 1.773

W = 1.982 * 0.05 * 0.55

= 2.521 * 9.81
= 24.735 kN

19. Stress on propeller blade

σ = W/AO
= 24.735 / 2.715
= 9.111 kN/m 2
KW
HP

HP

KW
 to/D = 0.05
Propeller Handbook by Dave Gerr
dh/D = 0.20

m 1.67327 3.141593
0.266309

m 0.371838

m
 * AD
* 16.074

de/diameter
m

* 8.30 * 5.573
PARAMETERS

Length Between Perpendiculars 87.0 m

Breadth, moulded 14.5 m
Draft, moulded 3.4 m
CB 0.57
RPM 497
Dp 1.8592 m
Width of Blade 0.5019 m
Pitch point 0.2663 m
l
TABULATION (a) FOR B4 PROPELLER DESIGN

r/R 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
from generator 29.18 33.32 37.30 40.78 43.92 46.68 48.35 47.00 20.14
Widths of line to trailing 0.2918 0.3332 0.3730 0.4078 0.4392 0.4668 0.4835 0.4700 0.2014
blade in edge 0.146 0.167 0.187 0.205 0.220 0.234 0.243 0.236 0.101
pecentage from generator 46.90 52.64 56.32 57.60 56.08 51.40 41.65 25.35
of line to leading 0.4690 0.5264 0.5632 0.5760 0.5608 0.5140 0.4165 0.2535
maximum edge 0.235 0.264 0.283 0.289 0.281 0.258 0.209 0.127
blade width total blade 76.08 85.96 93.62 98.38 100.00 98.08 90.00 72.35
width 0.382 0.431 0.470 0.494 0.502 0.492 0.452 0.363
3.66 3.24 2.82 2.4 1.98 1.56 1.14 0.72 0.30
Blade thickness ratio in 0.0366 0.0324 0.0282 0.024 0.0198 0.0156 0.0114 0.0072 0.003
percentage of D 0.068 0.060 0.052 0.045 0.037 0.029 0.021 0.013 0.006

Distance of the point of 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 38.9 44.3 47.9 50.0
maximum thickness from 0.350 0.350 0.350 0.350 0.389 0.443 0.479 0.500
the leading edge in percen- 0.134 0.151 0.164 0.173 0.195 0.218 0.216 0.182
tage of blade width
 TABULATION (b) FOR PROPELLER DESIGN

Distance of the ordinates from the point of maximum thickness (p.m.t.)

Table of
From p.m.t. to trailing edge From p.m.t. to leading edge
Ordinates
r/R 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 20% 40% 60% 80% 90% 95%
0.2 53.35 72.65 86.90 96.45 98.60 94.50 87.00 74.40 64.35 56.95
0.036 0.049 0.059 0.066 0.067 0.064 0.059 0.051 0.044 0.039
0.3 50.95 71.60 86.80 96.80 98.40 94.00 85.80 72.50 62.65 54.90
0.031 0.043 0.052 0.058 0.059 0.057 0.052 0.044 0.038 0.033
0.4 47.70 70.25 86.55 97.00 98.20 93.25 84.30 70.40 60.15 52.20
0.025 0.037 0.045 0.051 0.051 0.049 0.044 0.037 0.032 0.027
Suction 0.5 43.40 68.40 86.10 96.95 98.10 92.40 82.30 67.70 56.80 48.60
side 0.019 0.031 0.038 0.043 0.044 0.041 0.037 0.030 0.025 0.022
section 0.6 40.20 67.15 85.40 96.80 98.10 91.25 79.35 63.60 52.20 43.35
geometry 0.015 0.025 0.031 0.036 0.036 0.034 0.029 0.023 0.019 0.016
0.7 39.40 66.90 84.90 96.65 97.60 88.80 74.90 57.00 44.20 35.00
0.011 0.019 0.025 0.028 0.028 0.026 0.022 0.017 0.013 0.010
0.8 40.95 67.80 85.30 96.70 97.00 85.30 68.70 48.25 34.55 25.45
0.009 0.014 0.018 0.020 0.021 0.018 0.015 0.010 0.007 0.005
0.9 45.15 70.00 87.00 97.00 97.00 87.00 70.00 45.15 30.10 22.00
0.006 0.009 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.012 0.009 0.006 0.004 0.003
0.2 30.00 18.20 10.90 5.45 1.55 0.45 2.30 5.90 13.45 20.30 26.20
0.020 0.012 0.007 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.009 0.014 0.018
0.3 25.35 12.20 5.80 1.70 0.05 1.30 4.60 10.85 16.55 22.20
0.015 0.007 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.007 0.010 0.013
0.4 17.85 6.20 1.50 0.30 2.65 7.80 12.50 17.90
0.009 0.003 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.004 0.007 0.009
Pressure
side 0.5 9.70 1.75 0.70 4.30 8.45 13.30
section 0.004 0.001 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006
geometry
0.6 5.1 0.80 4.45 8.40
0.002 0.000 0.002 0.003
0.7 0.40 2.45
0.000 0.001
0.8

The percentage of the ordinates to the point maximum thickness of the

particular blade section
ge
100%

40.00
0.027
37.55
0.023
34.50
0.018
30.40
0.014
24.50
0.009
16.05
0.005
7.40
0.002
No. Parameters Value
1. Engine brake power BHP 1381.23 hp
2. Ship speed Vs 13 knots
3. Delivered power DHP 1313.11 hp
4. Speed of advance VA 9.945 knots
5. Basic propeller coefficient BP4 57.70106789
6. Propeller open water efficiency ηo 0.47
7 Pitch ratio /D
P
0.9
8. Delta δ 300
9. Pitch P 5.49 ft
10. Diameter D 6.1 ft
11. Number of blades Z 4
12. Blade area ratio AE/AO 0.55
13. Developed area ratio AD/AO 0.55
14. Projected area ratio AP/AO 0.44
15. Blade thickness fraction to/D 0.05
16. Hub diameter ratio dh/D 0.2
17. Disk area AO 29.225 ft2
18. Expanded area of blades AE 16.074 ft2
19. Developed area of blades AD 16.074 ft2
20. Projected area of blades AP 12.761 ft2
21. Mean width ratio MWR 0.241
22. Blade width ratio BWR 0.270
Check for Cavitation
Burrill's diagram can be used as guidance in order to avoid excessive cavitation
and erosion under average service conditions at sea.

1. Thrust loading coefficient

T / AP
τC =
0.5ρ * VR2
where
T = thrust in kN
AP = projected blade area in m2
VR = relative velocity of water at 0.7 radius in m/sec
ρ = mass density of fluid in kg/L = 1.025

PE
T =
(1-t) * V
1030.39758
=
0.829 * 13
= 95.611 kN

VR0.7 = √[VA2 + (0.7∏nD)2] n = 3.15

=√ 26.175 + 165.869
= 13.858 m/s

95.611 / 1.185
τC =
0.5125 * 192
= 80.657 / 98.422333
τC = 0.819

2. Local Cavitation Number at 0.7R

рo-рv + ρgh
σ0.7R =
0.5ρ[VA2 + (0.7∏nD)2]
where
рo = atmospheric pressure = 101.325 kN/m2
рv = vapor pressure of water = 1.704 kN/m2
ρ = density of saltwater = 1.025 tons/m3
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s2
h = height from propeller axis = 4.977 m
to loaded water line

99.621 + 50.045
σ0.7R =
0.5125 * 192.044
149.666
=
98.422
σ0.7R = 1.521
Shaft Diameter
The minimum diameter of propulsion shafting is to be determined by the following equation:
from ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels 2002, Part 4 Chapter 3 Section 2, p.198

D = 100K* 3√[(H/R)*{c1/(U + c2)}]

where
D = required solid shaft diameter, in
H = power at rated speed, kW
K = shaft design factor from 4-3-2 Table 1 or Table 2
R = rated speed, rpm
U = minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of shaft material, 4-3-2 Table 3

D = 100*1 *3√ 1030

497
*
560
960
= 100 * √
3 1.210253

= 106.568
= 107.0 mm

Tail Shaft Diameter

D = 100K* 3√[(H/R)*{c1/(U + c2)}]
= 100*1.26 * 3 √ 1381
497
*
560
960
= 126 * √
3 1.622323

= 148.053
= 149.0 mm

Tail Shaft Bearings (ABS Part 4 Chapter 3 Section 2/5.15 p. 201)

a. Water Lubricated Bearings
the length of the bearing , next to and supporting the propeller, is to be
not less than four times the required tail shaft diameter

L = 4 * 149
= 596 mm

b. Oil- lubricated Bearings

the length of white-metal-lined, oil-lubricated propeller-end
bearings fitted with an approved oil-seal gland is to be not less than
two times the required tail shaft diameter

L = 2 * 149
= 298 mm

Tail Shaft Liners (ABS Part 4 Chapter 3 Section 2/5.17 p. 203)

Thickness at Bearings
Bronze liner. The thickness of bronze liners to be fitted to tail shafts is not
to be less than that given by the following equation
t = T/25 + 5.1 mm
where
t = thickness of liner, mm
T = required diameter of tail shaft, mm

t = 5.96 + 5.1 mm
= 11.1
= 12 mm

Thickness between bearings

The thickness of a continuous bronze liner between bearings is to be not less than
three fourths of the thickness required in way of bearings.
C1 and C2

Values of K for line shafts and thrust shafts

U Values
Values of K for tail shaft and stern tube shafts
Rudder Area
According to Dr. Barrass (Ship Design and Performance for Master and Mates), p.87-88

AR = K*LBP*d
where
K = coefficient upon the type of ship
1.2 - 1.7 for containerships and passenger liners
LBP = length between perpendiculars, m
d = fully loaded draft in saltwater, m

AR = 0.0145 * 87 * 3.4
= 4.2891 m2

Minimum rudder area as per Det Norske Veritas (DNV) Rules

AR = T *LBP * 1+ 25* B 2

100 LBP
295.8 14.5
= * 1+ 25* 2
100 87
= 2.958 * 1+ 25* 0.028
= 2.958 * 1.694
= 4.652 m2

Use the average AR

AR = 4.471
= 4.5 m2

Assume Rudder Depth = 4.1 m

Rudder Length = 4.5 / 4.1

= 1.098 m

Rudder Design Force

Rudder Blades without Cutouts 3-2-14/3.1 p.151

CR = nkRkcklAVR2

where
n = 0.132
kR = (b2/At + 2)/3 but not taken more than 1.33
b = mean height of rudder area, in m
= 4.1 m
At = sum of rudder blade area, A, and the area of rudder post
or rudder horn within the extension of rudder profile, in m 2
= 4.5 m2
A = total projected area of rudder blade
= 4.5 m2
 kc = coefficient depending on rudder cross section (profile type) as indicated in 3-2-14/Table 1A
= 1.1 ahead condition
kl = coefficient as specified in 3-2-14/Table 2
= 1
VR = vessel speed in knots
= for ahead condition VR equals Vd or Vmin, whichever is greater
Vd = design speed in knots
Vmin = (Vd + 20)/3
= 11.667 knots

kR = ((4.1 2/9.1)+ 2)/3

= 1.912

CR = (0.132)(1.282)(1.1)(1.0)(6.994)(152)
= 281.071 kN

Rudder Design Torque

Rudder without Cutouts 3-2-14/3.1 p.155

QR = C Rr

where
CR = rudder force as calculated in 3-2-14/3.1
r = c(α − k)
c = mean breadth of rudder area
= 2.220 m based on actual drawing
α = coefficient as indicated in 3-2-14/Table 3
= 0.75
k = Af/A
Af = area of rudder blade situated forward of the rudder stock centerline, in m 2
A = whole rudder area, m2, as described in 3-2-14/3.1

k = Af/A
= 2.1085 / 4.5
= 0.469

r = c(α − k)
= 2.22 * (0.33-0.232)
= 0.6248

r = 0.1 * 2.22
= 0.222

Note that r should not be less than 0.1c for ahead condition, therefore use 0.1c
 QR = 281.071 * 0.625
= 175.615 kN-m

Rudder Stocks
Upper Rudder Stock 3-2-14/7.1 p.156
At the upper bearing or tiller, the upper stock diameter is not to be less than obtained from the following equation:

S = Nu 3√QRKs mm

where
Nu = 42
QR = total rudder torque, as defined in 3-2-14/5, in kN-m
Ks = material factor for upper rudder stock, as defined in 3-2-14/1.3

Ks = (ny/Y)e 3-2-14/1.3 p.150

where
ny = 235 N/mm2
Y = specified minimum yield strength of the material, in N/mm 2,
but is not to be taken as greater than 0.7U or 450 N/mm 2, whichever is less
U = minimum tensile strength of material used, in N/mm 2
= 550 N/mm2 for A7 Grade Alloy Steel
Ks = [235/(0.7*550)]0.75
= 0.691

S = 42 3√(438.684*0.691)
= 207.89223 mm
adopt = 290 mm

Rudder Stocks
Lower Rudder Stock 3-2-14/7.3 p.156

Sl = S 6√[1+(4/3)(M/QR)2] mm

where
S = upper stock required diameter from 3-2-14/7.1, in mm
M = bending moment at the section of the rudder stock considered, in kN-m
QR = rudder torque from 3-2-14/5, in kN-m

Solving for the bending moment

lR(2cl + cu)
Mn = CR ll +
3(cl + cu)
 where
CR = rudder force as defined in 3-2-14/3
c l , c u, ll , lR = dimensions as indicated in 3-2-A5/Figure 1, in m
cu = 2.471 m
cl = 1.963 m
ll = 0.6 m
lR = 4.1 m

4.1 [(2*1.963)+ 2.471]

Mn = 281.071 * 0.60 +
3(1.963 + 2.471)
= 281.071 * 0.6 + 1.972
= 722.833 kN-m

Sl = S 6√[1+(4/3)(M/QR)2]
=
= 492 mm
1.301432
0.650716
9.1 1.963 x

4.139
n 3-2-14/Table 1A
om the following equation:
 Chord Length 2.375 Meters

X as Percentage Y as Percentage Actual Y values Actual X Values

of Chord of Chord
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 meters
0.0200 0.0393 0.0934 0.0475 meters
0.0500 0.0592 0.1407 0.1188 meters
0.0750 0.0700 0.1662 0.1781 meters
0.1000 0.0780 0.1854 0.2375 meters
0.2000 0.0956 0.2271 0.4750 meters
0.3000 0.1000 0.2376 0.7125 meters
0.4000 0.0967 0.2297 0.9500 meters
0.5000 0.0882 0.2096 1.1875 meters
0.6000 0.0761 0.1806 1.4250 meters
0.7000 0.0611 0.1450 1.6625 meters
0.8000 0.0437 0.1038 1.9000 meters
0.9000 0.0241 0.0573 2.1375 meters
1.0000 0.0021 0.0050 2.3750 meters
 Chord Length 2.272 Meters

X as Percentage of Chord Y as Percentage of Chord Actual Y values Actual X Values

0 0 0 0 Meters
0.02 0.0393296188268572 0.08935689397 0.04544 Meters
0.05 0.0592447613769688 0.13460409785 0.1136 Meters
0.075 0.0699983912007044 0.15903634481 0.1704 Meters
0.1 0.0780461737303992 0.17732090672 0.2272 Meters
0.2 0.0956257165039375 0.2172616279 0.4544 Meters
0.3 0.100028777323284 0.22726538208 0.6816 Meters
0.4 0.0967168474607984 0.21974067743 0.9088 Meters
0.5 0.088233753334286 0.20046708758 1.136 Meters
0.6 0.0760561510977964 0.17279957529 1.3632 Meters
0.7 0.061065111877967 0.13873993419 1.5904 Meters
0.8 0.043718633007875 0.09932873419 1.8176 Meters
0.9 0.0241286211911975 0.05482022735 2.0448 Meters
1 0.00209999999999996 0.0047712 2.272 Meters

0.000 0
89.357 45.44
134.604 113.6
159.036 170.4
177.321 227.2
217.262 454.4
227.265 681.6
219.741 908.8
200.467 1136
172.800 1363.2
138.740 1590.4
99.329 1817.6
54.820 2044.8
4.771 2272
 40 55 70 85 1
P/D 0.76 0.786 0.82 0.84 0.87
Delta 221 203 205 202 197
no 0.588 0.567 0.56 0.536 0.518
Diameter 4.425 4.065 4.105 4.045 3.945