Lesson 1
Lesson 1
Lesson 1
PROBABILITY
Prepared by:
EARLJAY S. ORCULLO, LPT
STATISTICS
Statistics involves the collection,
analysis, interpretation, presentation,
and organization of data. It provides
methods for drawing conclusions from
data and making inferences about
populations based on samples.
PROBABILITY
Probability is a measure of the
likelihood that a given event will occur.
It is expressed as a number between 0
and 1, where 0 indicates impossibility,
1 indicates certainty, and values in
between represent degrees of
likelihood.
STATISTICS & PROBABILITY
In summary, probability deals with the
likelihood of events occurring, while
statistics involves the collection and
analysis of data to make informed decisions
and draw conclusions about populations
based on samples. Together, they form the
foundation of statistical reasoning and data
analysis in various fields.
DICE
COIN
DECK OF CARDS
Lesson 1.1
Random Variables
Learning Competency
Random Experiment
Example:
Tossing a coin is a random experiment.
Learn about It!
Outcome
Example:
The possible outcomes of tossing a coin are head and tail.
Learn about It!
Sample Space
Example:
The sample space of tossing a coin is 𝑆 = {𝐻, 𝑇}.
Learn about It!
Random Variables
The domain is the sample space, and the range is some set of
real numbers.
Learn about It!
Random Variables
Example:
Suppose 𝑋 represents the number of heads that can appear in
tossing a coin. The possible values of the random variable 𝑋
are 0 and 1.
Try it!Practice
Let’s
Solution:
The sample space of rolling a die is 𝑆 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Thus,
the possible values of 𝑋 are 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓, and 𝟔.
Try it!Practice
Let’s
Solution:
1. List the possible outcomes of the experiment.
This can be done using a table or tree diagram. Let
𝐻 represent heads and 𝑇 represent tails.
Solution to Let’s Practice
Solution:
1. List the possible outcomes of the experiment.
Solution to Let’s Practice
Solution:
1. List the possible outcomes of the experiment.
From the illustration on the previous slide, we can say
that the possible outcomes are:
Solution:
2. Count the number of tails in each outcome.
Possible Number of tails Possible Number of tails
outcomes (𝑿) outcomes (𝑿)
HHH 0 THH 1
HHT 1 THT 2
HTH 1 TTH 2
HTT 2 TTT 3
Solution to Let’s Practice
Solution:
2. Count the number of tails in each outcome.
Individual Practice:
1. Let 𝑀 be the number of males in a class with 30
students. What are the possible values of 𝑀?
Belecina, Rene R. et al. Statistics and Probability. Quezon City: Rex Book Store Inc., 2017.
Kenton, Will. “Random Variable Definition.” Investopedia. Retrieved 18 June 2019 from
http://bit.ly/2Zm6aO0
Khan, Salman. “Random variables.” Khan Academy. Retrieved 18 June 2019 from https://bit.ly/2Rnzv6t
Pierce, Rod. “Random Variables.” Math Is Fun. Retrieved June 18, 2019 from http://bit.ly/2XeWg3k