GROUP GAME

VOLLEY BALL
 Volleyball is a team sport played by two teams on playing court divided by a net.
 The objective of the game is to send the ball over the net to ground it on the opponent’s court, and to
prevent the same effort by the opponent.
 The team has three (3) hits for returning the ball.
 The ball is put in play with a service hit by server over the net to the opponents.

History of Volleyball

Mr. William G. Morgan

- initiator of game, volleyball in 1895
- a teacher at the YMCA of Holyoke, Massachusetts
- he decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of
businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball

Dr. Alfred Thompson Halsted

- the one who changed the game mintonette to volleyball

- Mintonette - original/first name of volleyball

- July 7, 1896 - first game of volleyball was played at Spring Field College
- 1910- The Physical Director of the YMCA, Elwood S. Brown, first introduced volleyball to the Philippines that
year
- 1964- introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo
- 1983- the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed

TERMINOLOGIES
Attacks- The offensive team attempting a score.
Block- A defensive play used to intercept a hard-driven spike. Players generally leap with their arms
outstretched in front of spiker in an attempt to defect the ball either back to the spiker’s court or to one of their
own player.
Dead Ball- Ball is dead when the play stop with the wistle of the referee.
Double Foul- Both teams committing foul on the same play. On this case, the service is to be replayed.
Foul- A violation to the rules.
Holding - When the ball comes to rest momentarily in the hands or arms of the player.
- Scooping, lifting, shoving, or following the ball is considered holding.
Libero - A player who specializes in defense, wears uniform with another color.
Pass- To bat the ball to a teammate.
Placement -Hitting the ball to an intended spot.
Service- The act of putting the ball in play.
Set- One team reaches 25 points, or has a two-point advantage over the opponent in case of deuce.
Spike- Hitting the ball in play at net level or above so that it is driven downward over the net.

Facilities and Equipment

Court- playing court is rectangle
- measuring 18m x 9m sorrounded by freezone which is minimum of 3m wide on all sides
Net and Posts - Height of net for men - 2. 43m
- Height of net for women - 2.24m
- Height of post - 2. 55m
Antenna- an antenna is a flexible rod, 1.8m long and 10mm in diameter, made of fiberglass or similar material.
- antenna are considered as part of the net and laterally delimit the crossing space
Balls- Circumference - 65.67cm
- Weight - 260-280 grams

PARTICIPANTS
A. REFEREEING COPS
1. SCORER
Location: The scorer performs his/her functions seated at the scorer’s table on the opposite side of the court
facing the first referee
1. He/She keeps the scoresheet according to the rules, cooperating with the second referee
2. He/ She uses a buzzer or other sound device to give signals to the referee on the basis his/her
responsibilities
3. Prior to the match and set, the scorer
3.1 registers the data of the match and team, including the name and number of libero player, according to the
procedures in forces, and obtains the signatures of the captains and coaches.
4. During the match, the scorer;
4.1 records the point scored
4.2 controls the serving order of each team and indicates any error to the referees immediately after the
service
4.3 records the time-outs and player substitutions, controlling their number, and informs the second referee;
4.4 notifies the referee of a request for interruption that out of order
5. records any sunctions:
5.1 records all other events as instructed by the second referee,i.e exceptional substitutions, recovery
time,prolonged interruption, external interference, etc.
6.after signing the score sheet him/herself, obtain the signatures of team captains and then the referee

ASSISTANT SCORER
Location: the assistant scorer performs his/her functions seated beside the scorer at the scorer’s table.
Responsibilities:
1. He/she records the replacements involving the libero
2. He/ she assists administrative duties of the scorer’s work
3. should the scorer become unable to continue his/her work, the assistant scorer substitute for the scorer
4. Prior to the match and set assistant scorer.
4.1 prepares libero control sheet
4.2 prepares the reserve scoresheet
5. During the match, assistant scorer;
5.1 records the details of the libero replacements;
5.2 notifies the referees of any fault of the Libero replacement
5.3 starts and ends the timing of technical time-out
5.4 operates the manual scoreboard on the scorer’s table;
5.5 checks that scoreboard agree.
6. At the end of the match, the assistnat scorer;
6.1 signs the libero control sheet and submit is for checking;
6.2 signs the scoresheet.

LINE JUDGE
Location: if only two line judges are used, they stand at the corners of the court closest to the right hand of
each referee, diagonally at 1 to 2 m from the corner
- controls both end line and sideline
Responsibilities:
1. perform their function by using flags (40x40 cm) to signal:
1.1 the ball in and out of the ball lands near their lines
1.2 touches of “out” of balls by the team receiving the ball

FIRST REFEREE
location: carries out his/her functions seated or standing on a referee’s stand located at one end of the net.
His/her view must be approximately 50cm above the net
Authority:
- directs the match from the start until the end
- during the match the first referee’s decison are final
- controls the work of the ball retrievers, floor wipes and moppers
Responsibilities:
1. Prior to the match
1.1 inspect the conditions of the playing area, the balls and other equipment
1.2 perform the toss with the team captains
1.3 controls the teams warm-up
2. During the match
2.1 to issue warnings to the teams
2.2 to sanction misconduct and delays
3. at the end of the match, he/she checks the scoresheet and signs it.

SECOND REFEREE
Location: standing outside the playing court near the posts, on the opposite side facing the first referee
Authority:
- assistant of first referee
- controls the work of scores(s)
- in the case of injury of a player, he/she authorizes an exceptional substitution or grants 3 minute recovery
time
Responsibilities:
- at the change courts in deciding set and whenever necessary, he/she checks that the actual positions of the
players on the court correspond to those on the line-up sheets
- at the end of the match, he/she signs the scoresheet

TEAM COMPOSITIONS
1. 1 coach
2. 1 assistant coach
3. 1 trainer
4. 1 medical doctor
5. 12 players including the substitute
note: the team has option to include libero
BASIC SKILLS
A. SERVING- The ball shall hit one hand or any part of the arm after being tossed or released from the hand(s),
and before it touches any part of his/her body or the playing surface. At the moment of the service hit or the
take-off for jump service, the server must not touch the court (end line) or the ground outside the service zone.
After the hit he/she may step or land outside the service zone. The service must hit the ball within 8 seconds
after the first referee wistles for service. A service executed before the referee’s whistle is canceled and
repeated. Since there is no longer a service attempt, a ball that is released or tossed, then allowed by the
server to touch the playing surface is a serving fault.

TYPES OF SERVE IN VOLLEYBALL

1.Underhand- Emphasize the idea that the ball should be hit with the hand down below. The right hand player
has left foot a little forward as he hits the ball with the right hand. The ball must be off the left hand as it is
batted by the right hand, other wise it becomes a fault. For beginners, it is recommended that the side of the
hand, the part where the thumb is located, be used to bat the ball. It is generally stronger and more accurate.
- Hold the ball with the hand opposite the serving hand (observe the picture )
- Stand facing the net.
- Legs slightly open, knees slightly bent and torso leaning forward.
- The leg matching the serving hand should be positioned in the back.
- Slightly toss the ball upwards and hit it with a closed or open hand while hiding the thumb.
- The ball must be hit when it’s under the chest, at waist level.

2. Sidearm- The ball held on the left-hand level with the shoulder or a little lower, with the hand stretched or
half-stretched, but with the player facing the side of the court. The ball must be off the hand before it is batted.
- Hold the ball with the hand opposite the serving hand.
- Stand sideways with respect to the net.
- Keep your legs slightly open, knees slightly bent and torso leaning forward.
- Toss the ball low in the air and hit it with the hand open or closed when the ball is at the waist level (lower
than the chest level).
- NOTE: This Type of Serve is known as Asian Serve or Eastern Serve because it used to be widely used by
asian women’s teams.

3. Overhand-
A. Drop- The server faces the opponent’s court, throws the ball one or two feet above with the left hand, and
with closed or half-closed rights fit bats the ball at the center or a little above center, using the heel and top part
of the fist simultaneously, putting a little jerking motion upon contact with the ball so that a spin is made on the
ball. If batted properly, the ball passing two feet above the net may hand at center
B. Wallop- The server bats the ball as in the drop but preference is given to the hitting of the ball with the side
of the first near the thumb; the server, before serving, turns toward so that he faces the side of the court,
throws the ball, and bat it at center or little above center. As in the drop, the ball is expected to drop suddenly
upon crossing the net.
C. Floater- The floater is batted in the same way as the drop. But in this case, there is no spin imparted onto
the ball so that the ball goes floating straight ahead, in almost a horizontal plane. A ball batted this way and
just two feet above the net usually lands outside. This is applied to deceive the receivers into playing it as it
usually within the reach players.

B. Passing- A served ball coming from the opponent’s side is received or stopped by the other team with any
part of the body, but the usual and effective way is with the hands. Common faults in receiving are holding and
dribbling.
1. Underhand Pass- used when ball received below shoulders
2. Overhead Pass- Used when ball is received above the shoulders.

2. Special Pass
a. Dig pass- a method of fielding balls that are almost out of reach.
- the motion of the arm is the full are underhand stroke.
b. Set-Up- used for the purpose of placing the ball in position for the attack player (spiker) to hit or smash it.
C. Spiking/Attacking- spiking is done by hitting the ball over or above the net with any strong force or smash
such that the ball falls in a downward direction.
- for an effective strategy, however, the spike can be make the opponents commit faults
or error.
i. Hard Spike- or strong spike is expected to push back the blocking hands or caus the ball to goout of control
after hitting the blocking hands.

ii. Soft spike- where the ball just rolls of the hand or the body of the blocker so that a fault is commited

C. Blocking/ Defending- Blocking is the effort of a defensive team to stop a spike by putting up the fingers
and hands above the net and in front of the ball may fall on the blocker’s court so that the other players may
be able to handle it.

SIMPLIFIED PLAYING RULES

A. Duration of Game and Choice of Court
1. number of sets in a match - 5 sets
2. choice of court - captains draw lots or toss coin. Winner of toss select either the court or the right to serve
first.
3. Change of court - after each set and after the 8th point is scored by team in the decison set

B. Interruption of the play

1. The captain or coach may ask for “time-out” which can either be for rest or for substitution of a player.
2. Each team may take two T O’s per set - length of the interruption for rest is a maximum interval of 2 minutes.

C. Beginning of Game and Change of Service

1. The server of the team starting the set is the player at the back right position who steps out to the service
area, hits the ball to the opponent’s court then steps back in to court.
2. Server continues serving until his team losses the play.
3. service should take place only after the referee whistles.
4. Wrong server shall cause change of service and faulty team shall immediately resume position correctly.
5. Each new set is started by the team that did not serve first in the preceding set.
6. When the serving team commits a fault, they lose their service and a point is awarded to the opponent.

D. Change of Position (Rotation)

1. Player shall immediately rotate clockwise when the team will receive a serve of a new server.
2. At the beginning of a new set, players can change positions provided the scorer in informed about it.

E. Hitting the Ball

1. The ball can be stuck or hit by any part of the body.
2.The ball must be clearly hit. Holding and dribbling shall be considered faults.
3. Two players simultaneously touching the net shall constitute a double fault.

F. Back Row Players - Back players cannot participate in the blocking and spiking. However, a spiked ball by
a back player is valid if the spiking is not done within the attack area.

G. Libero- Each team has the option to register among the final list of 12 players one (1) specialized defesive
player “libero”.
- The libero must be recorded on the score sheet before the match and next to his/her name an “L”
must be marked. The number must also be added on the line-up sheet of their set.

H. Faults
- It is a fault when:
1. server touches or crosses back line during the hit of service;
2. the order of rotation is not kept during the service.
3. The ball
a. touches own court or ground;
b. is “out”;
c. crosses outside the vertical net maker;
d. touches an object outside the court;
4. player
a. commits holding or dribbling of ball;
b. has touched the net;
c. has passed the center line
d. has spiked ball on other team’s court over the net;
5. a back player spikes or block the ball in the attack area.
6. illegal substitution is done
7. delaying the game
8. the player leaves the court during requested TO.

HAND SIGNALS
Referees use several hand signals during a volleyball game.
The referee blows the whistles to signal the start and end of each play. The hand signals are given by the
referee who first signals the fault and then indicates which team has won the point.