LESSON 8:

Drug Education

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Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
1. explain the nature of drugs and their various kinds and effects;
2. enumerate and discuss the relevant Philippine laws on
dangerous drugs;
3. apply the points of learning gained in drug awareness and
prevention to their lives as students and as members of their
families and communities;

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4. explain the concepts of drug addiction, detection, and
prevention; and
5. apply the points of learning gained on this lesson as they
become better advocates for drug prevention.

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Lesson Key Concepts and Examples

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Lesson 8.1: General Orientation on
the Nature of Drugs and on Drug-
Related Laws
What Are Drugs?
 Drugs are chemicals that alter an individual’s physical,
psychological, and behavioral functions. More specifically,
“dangerous drugs” are drugs that contain chemicals that can
cause drug addiction and may lead to drug abuse. They are
extremely unsafe for people to use.

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What Is Drug Abuse?
• Drug abuse is the legal or illegal use of chemicals that may
cause impairment in the physical, psychological, or behavioral
functioning of individuals. This may be characterized by:
• using drugs without a doctor’s prescription;

• using drugs for a purpose other than the doctor’s

prescription; and
• using drugs for nonmedical purposes.

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Two Forms of Drug Dependence:
Drug Addiction vs. Drug Habituation

• Drug Addiction refers to the psycho-behavioral condition where

an individual’s need to obtain and use (especially self-
administered) drugs becomes a strong fixation.

• Drug Habituation is merely a psychical craving for the drug with

little or no tendency to increase drug dosage.

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Relevant Facts on Drug Abuse
in the Philippines
According to statistics, around 1.8 million people use dangerous
drugs in the Philippines, while 4.8 million Filipinos have used
dangerous drugs at one point in their lives. Based on the latter
figure, 91% of these are adults, 87% are males, 80% have high
school education, and 67% are employed. Methamphetamine, also
called “poor man’s cocaine” or shabu, is the most commonly used
illegal drug in the country (DDB, 2020).

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Drug Classifications
Classification Subcategory Characteristics Negative Effects
N a r c o t i c Heroin Heroin is a drug created from The negative effects
analgesics the plant opium poppy and its of heroin are
families. It relieves pain, depression,
induces euphoria, and creates irrational thinking,
mood changes in the user. slow thought
Some examples of heroin are process, and
opium, morphine, and fentanyl. delirium.

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Drug Classifications
Classification Subcategory Characteristics Negative Effects
C e n t r a l Barbiturates These are drugs that have Overdose of these
nervous system sedative-hypnotic effects. drugs can alter
( C N S ) They lower down the mood, induce coma,
depressants operations of the brain and and lead to
the body. They are confusion and
commonly used to induce disorientation.
sleep.

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Drug Classifications
Classification Subcategory Characteristics Negative Effects
CNS stimulants Amphetamines These are synthetic stimulants that cause The negative effects
increased energy and sensitivity to of these drugs are
stimulation. Although some types are aggressiveness,
legally prescribed by doctors, illegal irregular breathing,
possession of amphetamines is a crime.
hallucination, nausea,
Methamphetamine, also known as
“crystal, meth, or shabu,” is an example.
seizures, and
confusion.

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Drug Classifications
Classification Subcategory Characteristics Negative Effects
CNS stimulants Cocaine Cocaine is a stimulant drug Negative effects
acquired from coca plants. It include increased
boosts alertness and gives the anxiety, paranoia,
illusion of having increased and agitation.
physical skills, athletic
performance, and sexuality.

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Drug Classifications
Classification Subcategory Characteristics Negative Effects
Hallucinogens Lysergic acid LSD is a drug that causes The negative effects of
diethylamide such effect as seeing and LSD are extreme fear,
(LSD) hearing things that seem anxiety, depression,
real but are actually not. panic, and psychotic
This is also known as “acid.” episodes.

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Drug Classifications
Classification Subcategory Characteristics Negative Effects
Hallucinogens Phencyclidine Originally developed as an Negative effects include
(PCP) anesthetic, this drug has the aggression, paranoia,
effect of mind alteration and feelings of isolation,
the feeling of being increased heart rate,
detached from one’s body. and jerky eye
This is also known as “angel movements.
dust.”

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Drug Classifications
Classification Subcategory Characteristics Negative Effects
Hallucinogens Cannabis This is derived from the plant The negative effects of
cannabis. It contains mind-altering cannabis are impaired
compounds that affect the brain judgment, confusion,
and the body. It is also known as paranoia, and
marijuana, ganja, or hemp. In
detachment from
some countries, cannabis is
already legalized for medicinal and reality.
recreational purposes.

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Drug Classifications
Classification Subcategory Characteristics Negative Effects
Others Inhalants These include a wide variety of Some of their negative
b re at h a b l e s u bsta n c e s t h at effects are hypoxia or a
produce mind-altering effects. lack of oxygen,
Some of their common street pneumonia, cardiac
names are toluene, plastic
failure, liver and kidney
cement, paint, gasoline, paint
damage, Parkinson’s
thinners, hair sprays, and various
anesthetic gases. disease, and death
(Obembe, 2012; Fields,
2017).

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RA 9165 and Other Laws on
Drugs
 Republic Act No. 9165, otherwise known as the “Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002,” is the primary law that protects
Filipino citizens from the perilous effects of drugs to the body and
mind.

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RA 9165 and Other Laws on
Drugs
 RA 9165 amended the implementing rules and regulations of
Re p u b l i c Act No. 6425 or “The Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972.”
The other pertinent laws on drugs are Executive Order No. 218
(Strengthening the Support Mechanism for the Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency) and Republic Act No. 10640 (An Act to
Further Strengthen the Anti-Drug Campaign of the Government).

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Lesson 8.2: Drug Addiction,
Detection, and Prevention
What Is Drug Addiction?
 Drug addiction refers to the uninhibited behavioral
tendency to use dangerous drugs despite knowledge
of their capacity to cause physical, relational, and
economic problems (Wilson & Kolander, 2003).

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What Is Drug Abuse?
Drug abuse symptoms depend on the drug to which the user has
been exposed. Here are the common consequences experienced
by drug users:
1. looking or longing for the drug on a regular basis;
2. wasteful spending to purchase more drugs, which may lead to
serious economic problems;

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What Is Drug Abuse?
3. manifesting the inability to perform roles and responsibilities in
school, work, family, and community;
4. committing other crimes to supplement the drug addiction;
and
5. experiencing withdrawal symptoms (Burke, O'Sullivan, &
Vaughan, 2005).

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Causes and Risk Factors of Drug
Abuse
Causes. The main factors related to drug abuse are:
• Environment – comprises influences found in the surroundings. These
influences may include culture, education, and socialization. These may
also include social relationships with family, peers, and coworkers.

• Genetics – refers to hereditary factors. Some genetic factors may interact

with the drug, causing the user to get addicted more quickly.

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Causes and Risk Factors of Drug
Abuse
Risk Factors. Certain specific factors can also affect the likelihood and rate of
developing drug addiction. These include:
• history of addiction in the family;
• mental health problems;
• peer influence;
• low family interactions;
• early exposure; and
• level of drug’s addictiveness (Miller, 2013).

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Prevention Interventions
According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration (US) and Office of the Surgeon
General (US) (2016), there are three (3) types of drug
prevention interventions: Universal, Selective, and Indicated.

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Prevention Interventions
1. Universal interventions are varied forms of assistance
provided to the general population. These are aimed at all
people experiencing problems with dangerous drugs. These
are very broad and unspecific in terms of services and
messages (NRCIM, 2009).

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Prevention Interventions
2. Selective interventions are for specific subgroups who
are extremely at risk for addiction and physical injuries
due to dangerous drugs (Rutter et al., 2015).

3. Indicated interventions are for persons who are

already using or are addicted to dangerous drugs. These
programs are rigorous and cost a lot of money (Lee et al.,
2012).

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 Concluding Slides

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 • Dangerous drugs are chemicals that are highly addictive and
harmful to people.

• Drug abuse is the use of any chemical substance, legal or illegal,

which results to an individual’s physiological, mental, or social
impairment.

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 • The common classifications of dangerous drugs are narcotics,
depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and inhalants.

• RA 9165 or “The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002”

is the primary law that protects Filipino citizens from the
perilous effects of drugs to the body and the brain.

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• Drug addiction refers to the uninhibited compulsion to use
dangerous drugs.

• The main factors related to drug abuse are environment and

genetics.

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 • Other risk factors related to drug abuse are the following:
family history of addiction, mental health disorders, peer
pressure, lack of family involvement, early use, and exposure
to a highly addictive drug.

• The three types of drug prevention interventions are universal,

selective, and indicated.

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