Name: ………………………………… Class: ……… Ms.

Hong Hoa

TEST 1

A. LISTENING
Part 1: You will hear a telephone conversation between the owner of a restaurant and a customer who is calling
to find out information about food and prices at the restaurant. Listen and write NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer in the corresponding numbered boxes.
Belluci’s Restaurant
Sam’s suggestions Tomato bread with herbs
Would go best with Lasagna: (2) __________with____________
(1) ______________________
Greek salad

Other side dishes that Sam mentions:

CUSTOMER DETAILS
Booking made on: 5th August
Date when customers will be at the restaurant: (3) ______________________
Time: 7:00 pm
Number of people: (4) ______________________
Email address: (5) ___________@___________.com
Customer phone number: 014453336451

Part 2: You will listen to a talk by the Water Project Manager of a charity called ‘Charity –Water’. For each of
the following questions, choose the option which fits best to what you hear.
1. The speaker’s job requires ……
A. a great deal of walking B. extensive travel C. clean water
2. Why is this story being told?
A. to promote Charity-Water B. for entertainment purposes C. to encourage Helen
3. When villagers heard of the charity workers’ arrival, they
A. had a party B. were suspicious C. took no notice
4. Helen is feeling………
A. ecstatic about her new life B. curious about the charity C. nostalgic about her old life
workers
5. What did the speaker notice about Helen?
A. that she had bathed recently B. the care that she took with C. that she was wearing a green
her appearance uniform

Part 3: You will hear a piece of CNN news. Listen and decide if the following sentences are True (T) or False (F).
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. A powerful earthquake jolted New Zealand after a midnight. _____
2. Earthquakes in New Zealand are massive. _____
3. Christchurch is home to 340,000 people. _____
4. The highest tsunami waves in New Zealand were eight-feet tall. _____
5. There are numerous volcanic and earthquake activities in Pacific Ocean's Ring of Fire. _____

Part 4: You will hear a radio interview with an American woman called Kate Jenner, who practices the
sport of parkour, or ‘free running’ Listen and complete the sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS.
The objective of parkour is to get over such obstacles as trees, (1) ____________ and walls.
Kate says that parkour combines cross- country running with (2) ____________.
In order to join a parkour club, it is necessary to have a good (3) ____________ and to be fit.
Kate says that (4) ____________ is a problem for her in some situations.
When she is in town, Kate looks at (5) ____________ and courtyards as possible places to do parkour.
Parkour enthusiasts do not generally (6) ____________ with people when they are told to stop.
Kate and a professor are studying different techniques of (7) ____________ that are used in parkour.
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If Kate teaches parkour in the college, there could be a problem with (8) ____________.
Kate has been in Los Angeles doing parkour for an advertisement for a (9) ____________.
A company that makes (10) ____________ may provide Kate’s club with funding.

B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. According to the _____ of the contract, tenants must give six months’ notice if they intend to live.
A. laws B. rules C. terms D. details
2. No one could contemplate fame these days without knowing beforehand of its _____.
a. laissez-faire B. outburst C. insight D. downside
3. Books taken from the short _____ section are due to be returned the next day.
A. borrowing B. credit C. loan D. return
4. She was so undisciplined and disobedient that, as the manager, I just had to put my _____ down.
A. stamp B. shoe C. fist D. foot
5. When Wilson’s company was hit by the recession, he decided to take early _____.
A. redundancy B. retirement C. resignation D. redeployment
6. I am sure your husband-to-be will lend you a _____ ear when you explain the situation to him.
A. merciful B. compassionate C. pitiful D. sympathetic
7. The whereabouts of the exiled president remains a _____ guarded secret.
A. highly B. closely C. deeply D. entirely
8. It’s a shame to fall out so badly with your own _____.
A. heart to heart B. flesh and blood C. heart and soul D. skin and bone
9. Life’s very easy for you. You were born with a _____ spoon in your mouth.
A. silver B. golden C. bronze D. diamond
10. There has been a lot of _____ surrounding the government’s proposed scheme.
A. controversy B. consent C. conformity D. consequence
11. You can’t bury your head _____ and hope that this problem goes away, you know.
A. in the mud B. in the pool C. in the sand D. in the water
12. Fiona’s offered to help you. Don’t ask why – never look a gift _____ in the mouth.
A. horse B. cow C. deer D. dog
13. Sandra’s unpleasant _____ suggested that she knew about Amanda’s terrible secret.
A. grimace B. smirk C. wince D. snort
14. Few people can do creative work unless they are in the right _____ of mind.
A. frame B. trend C. attitude D. tendency
15. He was arrested for trying to pass _____ notes at the bank.
A. camouflaged B. fake C. counterfeit D. fraudulent
16. This fabric has the _____ of silk but it’s very cheap.
A. stroke B. substance C. friction D. texture
17. I threw some biscuit _____ on the ground and a whole load of pigeons swooped down and started eating
them.
A. grains B. specks C. flakes D. crumbs
18. The insects looked and tasted so horrible, I _____ with disgust as I tried to force them down.
A. gloated B. grinned C. grimaced D. chuckled
19. Going down white-water rapids in a canoe must be extremely _____! Does your heart start beating really
fast?
A. trivial B. mundane C. sedentary D. exhilarating
20. Was it always an _____ of yours to play for France?
A. urge B. adoration C. anticipation D. aspiration

Part 2. Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections
in the corresponding numbered boxes.
Example: Line 1: industrial → industry
Although the music industrial developed over several decades, popular music drew ethnomusicologists’
attention by the 90s because a standardizing effective began to develop. The corporate nature surrounding
popular music streamlined it into a framework that focused on slight deviations from the accepted norm,
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create what Adorno calls “pseudo-individualism”; what the public would perceive as unique or organic would
musically comply with standard, established music conventions. Thus, a duality emerged from this
standardization, an industry-driven manipulation of the public’s tastes to give people what they want while
simultaneous guiding them to it. In the case of rock music, while the genre may have grown out of politicized
forces and other form of meaningful motivation, the corporate influence over popular music became integral
to its identity that directing public taste became increasingly easier. Technological development allowed for
easy dispersion of western music, causing the dominance of western music into rural and urbanized areas
across the globe. However, because popular music assumes so a corporatized role and therefore remains
subject to a large degree of standardized, ambiguity exists whether the music reflects actual cultural values or
those only of the corporate sector seeking economic profit. Because popular music developed such a
dependent relationship to media and the corporations surrounding it, where record sales and profit indirectly
shaped musical decisions, the superstar person became an important element of popular music. From the fame
and economical success surrounding such superstars, subcultures continued to arise, such as the rock and
punk movements, only perpetuated by the corporate machine that also shaped the musical aspect of popular
music.

Part 3. Complete each sentence with one suitable particle or preposition. Write your answer in the box
provided.
1. It’s not fair. You’re always picking _____ me.
2. You look very guilty. What have you been getting _____ _____?
3. My parents are not interested in modern music. They are _____ the times.
4. At that time they were poor, and they went _____ a difficult time.
5. He gained ascendancy _____ all his main rivals.
6. We have to go _____ our work right now, or we won’t finish it on time.
7. The two trains came _____ ten metres of collision.
8. The skyscraper stands out _____ the blue sky.
9. I got _____ the Arts Faculty at the University of London to study history.
10. As the detective stories become popular once again, the publishing house decides to bring _____ a new
edition of Christie’s work.

Part 4. Write the correct form of the words given in the brackets. Write your answers in the spaces provided
below.
BECOMING A PARENT
Very little in our lives prepares us for _____ (1. parent). Suddenly, your life is turned upside down
and all sorts of _____ (2. familiar) demands are replaced on you. How we ourselves were treated by our
parents in our _____ (3. young) can have an _____ (4. appreciate) effect on who we become as parents. Our
own _____ (5. observe) of how our parents responded to us creates a model of parenting that is _____ (6.
intimate) connected to the kind of parents we become. It’s not uncommon for people to show the same child-
rearing _____ (7. character) as their own parents. If your father was an _____ (8. sympathy) figure who
always seemed too busy to care about how you felt, then there’s a chance you will repeat the same behavior.
If your mother was utterly _____ (9. self) in her devotion to her children, there’s a chance that you too will be
equally giving and do all that is _____ (10. human) possible for your offspring.

C. READING
Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Write your
answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
Promoting children’s self-esteem seems to be one of the aims of modern childcare and education. It
goes (1) _______ with a culture in which children are (2) _______ praised for the most minor achievements.
While this promotion of self-esteem is, rightly, a reaction against (3) _______ times when children weren’t
praised enough, it also seems to be (4) _______ a fear of how failure will affect children: a fear that if they
don’t succeed at a task, they will somehow be damaged.
However, the opposite may well be true. Many scientists spend years experiencing (5) _______ failure
in the lab until they make a breakthrough. They know that ultimately this process advances scientific
knowledge. (6) _______, children need to experience failure to learn and grow. If children have been praised
for everything they’ve done, regardless of how good it is, then failure in adult life will be all the more painful.

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 Life is full of (7) _______ and there is no point in trying to protect children from the disappointments
that (8) _______ them. Parents and educators shouldn’t be afraid of picking up on children’s mistakes, as long
as they also praise them when they do well. After all, the heroes children try to (9) _______ the pop stars and
footballers, have all reached the top (10) _______ruthless competition. Like them, children need to learn how
to cope with failure and turn it to their advantage.
1. A. cap in hand B. hand in hand C. to show D. without saying
2. A. enthusiastically B. devotedly C. immensely D. thoroughly
3. A. grimmer B. more unrelenting C. more unsparing D. sterner
4. A. consequent upon B. owing to C. culminated in D. resulted from
5. A. concurrent B. consequent C. consecutive D. continual
6. A. All the same B. By the same token C. In like manner D. In similar fashion
7. A. flies in the ointment B. obstacle courses C. spanners in the works D. stumbling blocks
8. A. put great store by B. lie in wait for C. hold in store for D. wait up for
9. A. duplicate B. emulate C. replicate D. stimulate
10. A. in the face of B. in the teeth of C. irrespective of D. without regard to

Part 2. Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in
corresponding numbered boxes.
The majority of lottery winners change their lives (1) _______ little, and continue on their settled way
happy ever after. A couple of years ago, a Mr. David won a million. He had been struggling to (2) _______ a
success of his dry cleaning shop for the past 12 months. He accepted his cheque in a small ceremony (3)
_______ the premises at 2.30, and by three o’clock he had reopened for business. The reaction of Mr.
Pasquale Consalvo who won $30 million in the New York state lottery was very (4) _______.He was
unhappy not to be able to fulfill his desire to go to work as (5) _______ on the day he won. He also said that if
the money made him (6) _______ he would give it back. In fact, the chances of his life being made a misery
by his new-found wealth are almost (7) _______ slim though not quite as the sixty million-to-one odds he
beat to take a jackpot (8) _______ had remained unclaimed through six previous draws. Gambling small
amounts (9) _______ the lottery is a harmless if futile hobby. (10) _______, gambling can become an
addition, increasingly so as the activity becomes socially acceptable.

Part 3. Read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following questions. Write
your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
The first scientific attempt at coaxing moisture from a cloud was in 1946, when scientist Vincent
Schaefer dropped 3 pounds of dry ice from an airplane into a cloud and, to his delight, produced snow. The
success of the experiment was modest, but it spawned optimism among farmers and ranchers around the
country. It seemed to them that science had finally triumphed over weather.
Unfortunately, it didn’t work out that way. Although there were many cloud-seeding operations, during
the late 1940s and the 1950s, no one could say whether they had any effect on precipitation. Cloud seeding, or
weather modification as it came to be called, was dearly more complicated than had been thought. It was not
until the early 1970s that enough experiments had been done to understand the processes involved. What
these studies indicated was that only certain types of clouds are amenable to seeding. One of the most
responsive is the winter orographic cloud, formed when air currents encounter a mountain slope and rise. If
the temperature in such a cloud is right, seeding can increase snow yield by 10 to 20 percent.
There are two major methods of weather modification. In one method, silver iodide is burned in propane-
fired ground generators. The smoke rises into the clouds where the tiny silver-iodide particles act as nuclei for
the formation of ice crystals. The alternate system uses airplanes to deliver dry-ice pellets. Dry ice does not
provide ice-forming nuclei. Instead, it lowers the temperature near the water droplets in the clouds so that
they freeze instantly—a process called spontaneous nucleation. Seeding from aircraft is more efficient but
also more expensive.
About 75 percent of all weather modification in the United States takes place in the Western states. With
the population of the West growing rapidly, few regions of the world require more water. About 85 percent of
the waters in the rivers of the West comes from melted snow. As one expert put it, the water problems of the
future may make the energy problems of the 70s seem like child’s play to solve. That’s why the U.S. Bureau
of Reclamation, along with state governments, municipal water districts, and private interests such as ski
areas and agricultural cooperatives, is putting increased effort into cloud-seeding efforts. Without consistent
and heavy snowfalls in the Rockies and Sierras, the West would literally dry up. The most intensive efforts to
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produce precipitation was during the West’s disastrous snow drought of 1976-77. It is impossible to judge the
efficiency of weather modification based on one crash program, but most experts think that such hurry-up
programs are not very effective.
1. What is the main subject of the passage?
A. The scientific contributions of Vincent Schaefer
B. Developments in methods of increasing precipitation
C. The process by which snow crystals form
D. The effects of cloud seeding
2. The word spawned in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. intensified B. reduced C. preceded D. created
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the term weather modification?
A. It is not as old as the term cloud seeding.
B. It has been in use since at least 1946.
C. It refers to only one type of cloud seeding.
D. It was first used by Vincent Schaefer.
4. According to the passage, winter orographic clouds are formed _____.
A. on relatively warm winter days
B. over large bodies of water
C. during intense snow storms
D. when air currents rise over mountains
5. To which of the following does the word they in paragraph 3 refer?
A. Water droplets B. Clouds C. Ice-forming nuclei D. Airplanes
6. When clouds are seeded from the ground, what actually causes ice crystals to form?
A. Propane B. Silver-iodide smoke C. Dry-ice pellets D. Nuclear radiation
7. Clouds would most likely be seeded from airplanes when _____.
A. it is important to save money
B. the process of spontaneous nucleation cannot be employed
C. the production of precipitation must be efficient
D. temperatures are lower than usual
8. What does the author imply about the energy problems of the 1970s?
A. They were caused by a lack of water.
B. They took attention away from water problems.
C. They may not be as critical as water problems will be in the future.
D. They were thought to be minor at the time but turned out to be serious.
9. The author mentions agricultural cooperatives (paragraph 4) as an example of _____.
A. state government agencies
B. private interests
C. organizations that compete with ski areas for water
D. municipal water districts
10. It can be inferred from, the passage that the weather-modification project of 1976-77 was _____.
A. put together quickly B. a complete failure
C. not necessary D. easy to evaluate

Part 4. Read the following text and do the tasks that follow.
A. The modern world is increasingly populated by quasi-intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice
but whose creeping ubiquity has removed much human drudgery. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot
assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with rote politeness for the
transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. Our mine shafts are dug by automated
moles, and our nuclear accidents-such as those at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl-are cleaned up by robotic
muckers fit to withstand radiation.
Such is the scope of uses envisioned by Karel Capek, the Czech playwright who coined the term 'robot' in
1920 (the word 'robota' means 'forced labor' in Czech). As progress accelerates, the experimental becomes the
exploitable at record pace.

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B. Other innovations promise to extend the abilities of human operators. Thanks to the incessant
miniaturization of electronics and micromechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some
kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled
physicians can achieve with their hands alone. At the same time, techniques of long-distance control will keep
people even farther from hazard. In 1994 a ten- foot-tall NASA robotic explorer called Dante, with video-
camera eyes and with spiderlike legs, scrambled over the menacing rim of an Alaskan volcano while
technicians 2,000 miles away in California watched the scene by satellite and controlled Dante's descent.

C. But if robots are to reach the next stage of labour-saving utility, they will have to operate with less human
supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a formidable
challenge, 'while we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error,' says one expert, we can't yet give a
robot enough common sense to reliably interact with a dynamic world.' Indeed the quest for true artificial
intelligence (AI) has produced very mixed results. Despite a spasm of initial optimism in the 1960s and
1970s, when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to perform in the same way
as the human brain by the 21st century, researchers lately have extended their forecasts by decades if not
centuries.

D. What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion
neurons are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined. They
have built robots that can recognize the misalignment of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a
controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately
disregard the 98 per cent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the woodchuck at the side of a
winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a tumultuous crowd. The most advanced computer
systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.

E. Nonetheless, as information theorists, neuroscientists, and computer experts pool their talents, they are
finding ways to get some lifelike intelligence from robots. One method renounces the linear, logical structure
of conventional electronic circuits in favour of the messy, ad hoc arrangement of a real brain's neurons. These
'neural networks' do not have to be programmed. They can 'teach' themselves by a system of feedback signals
that reinforce electrical pathways that produced correct responses and, conversely, wipe out connections that
produced errors. Eventually the net wires itself into a system that can pronounce certain words or distinguish
certain shapes.

F. In other areas researchers are struggling to fashion a more natural relationship between people and robots
in the expectation that someday machines will take on some tasks now done by humans in, say, nursing
homes. This is particularly important in Japan, where the percentage of elderly citizens is rapidly increasing.
So experiments at the Science University of Tokyo have created a 'face robot' -a life-size, soft plastic model
of a female head with a video camera imbedded in the left eye-as a prototype. The researchers' goal is to
create robots that people feel comfortable around. They are concentrating on the face because they believe
facial expressions are the most important way to transfer emotional messages. We read those messages by
interpreting expressions to decide whether a person is happy, frightened, angry, or nervous. Thus the Japanese
robot is designed to detect emotions in the person it is 'looking at' by sensing changes in the spatial
arrangement of the person's eyes, nose, eyebrows, and mouth. It compares those configurations with a
database of standard facial expressions and guesses the emotion. The robot then uses an ensemble of tiny
pressure pads to adjust its plastic face into an appropriate emotional response.

G. Other labs are taking a different approach, one that doesn’t try to mimic human intelligence or emotions.
Just as computer design has moved away from one central mainframe in favour of myriad individual
workstations- and single processors have been replaced by arrays of smaller units that break a big problem
into parts that are solved simultaneously- many experts are now investigating whether swarms of semi-smart
robots can generate a collective intelligence that is greater than the sum of its parts. That’s what beehives and
ant colonies do, and several teams are betting that legions of mini-critters working together like an ant colony
could be sent to explore the climate of planets or to inspect pipes in dangerous industrial situations.
For questions 1-7, choose the correct heading for paragraphs A- G. There are three extra headings that
you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding space provided.
List of headings
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i. Some success has resulted from observing how the brain functions.
ii. Are we expecting too much from one robot?
iii. Scientists are examining the humanistic possibilities.
iv. There are judgments that robots cannot make.
v. Has the power of robots become too great?
vi. Human skills have been heightened with the help of robotics.
vii. There are some things we prefer the brain to control.
viii. Robots have quietly infiltrated our lives.
ix. Original predictions have been revised.
x. Another approach meets the same result.
Your answers
1. Paragraph A: ______
2. Paragraph B: ______
3. Paragraph C: ______
4. Paragraph D: ______
5. Paragraph E: ______
6. Paragraph F: ______
7. Paragraph G: ______

For question 8-10, complete the summary below with words taken from the passage. Use NO MORE
THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
The prototype of the Japanese “face robot” observes humans through a (8) ____________ which is planted in
its head. It then refers to a (9) ____________ of typical “looks” that the human face can have, to decide what
emotion the person is feeling. To respond to this expression, the robot alters its own expression using a
number of (10) ____________.

D. WRITING
Part 1. Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the same. You must use
between THREE and EIGHT words, including the word given.
1. I don’t know why Fred made such an extraordinary decision. (prompted)
=> I don’t know _________________________________________ a decision.
2. Inefficient treatment of customers creates a bad impression of the company. (reflects)
=> Treating customers with a lack ______________________________________ the company.
3. The organizers planned everything as carefully as they could possibly have done. (utmost)
=> Everything was planned _______________________________________ by the organizers.
4. Coming second didn’t make her feel any better because she only wanted to win. (consolation)
=> Coming second _______________________________________ was all that mattered to her.
5. I promised him that the situation would not be repeated in the future. (word)
=> I ____________________________________ no repetition of the situation in the future.

Part 2. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence
printed before it.
1. The inhabitants were far worse-off twenty years ago than they are now.
=> The inhabitants are nowhere ______________________________________________.
2. The chairman’s leaving just before you’re due to arrive.
=> By the ______________________________________________________________
3. It was difficult to understand her colleagues’ open hostility towards her proposal.
=> That her colleagues _____________________________________________________
4. They only reimbursed us because we took legal advice.
=> We wouldn’t __________________________________________________________
5. We’ve had lots of arguments with that particular harbor master before.
=> This isn’t _____________________________________________________________
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Part 3. In many countries, an increase in crime has been blamed on violent images on television and in
computer and video games. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Write an essay
(about 250 words) to clarify your ideas.
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--- THE END ---
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Name: ………………………………… Class: ……… Ms. Hong Hoa

TEST 2

A. LISTENING
Part 1. Complete the form below. Write no more than one word or a number for each answer.
PAN ASIAN AIRWAYS
LOST PROPERTY REPORT FORM
Example Answer
First Name Kristy

Surname Allen
Address (1) ________________________ Windham Road
Richmond
Postcode (2) ________________________
Home tel. 020 8927 7651
Mobile tel. (3) ________________________
Flight Number (4) ________________________
Seat Number (5) ________________________
From New York
To London Heathrow

Part 2. You will hear part of a tutorial between two students and their tutor. The students are doing a
research project on computer use. Listen to the conversation carefully and choose the correct answer A, B
or C for each question.
1. Sami and Irene decided to do a survey about access to computer facilities because ___________
A. no one had investigated this before.
B. their tutor suggested this topic.
C. this was a problem for many students.
2. Sami and Irene had problems with the reading for their project because ___________
A. the language was too technical.
B. not much had been written about the topic.
C. they could not locate the books in the library.
3. How did Sami and Irene get the main data in their survey?
A. From face-to-face interviews
B. From observation of students
C. From online questionnaires
4. The tutor suggests that one problem with the survey was limitations in ___________
A. the range of students questioned.
B. the number of students involved.
C. the places where the questions were asked.
5. What proportion of students surveyed thought that a booking system would be the best solution?
A. 45% B. 65% C. 77%

Part 3. Listen to the extract of a television travel programme, and then decide whether each of the
following statements is true or false.
1. Bhutan is a republic in the Himalayas. T/F
2. French passport holders must get a visa for Guatemala from their own consulate. T/F
3. A new limit of seven days will be imposed on tourist visas to visit Burma. T/F
4. At the moment, the only place you can obtain a visa to visit Burma is in Bangkok. T/F
5. Not all resorts on the Costa del Sol will be offering reductions for children next year.T/F

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Part 4. You will hear a radio report about a new type of air transport. For questions 1-10, complete the
sentences. Write no more than three words and/or a number.
1. It will take 37 hours for the new form of transport to travel from London to (1) _____________
2. Unlike crowded jets, the Aircruise will allow passengers to travel in (2) ________________
3. The Aircruise can travel at low altitudes if there is something (3) ________________
4. Hydrogen fuels the airship and also provides (4) ________________for the people on board.
5. The Hindenburg airship disaster killed (5) ________________people.
6. Scientists are keen to develop transport options which are both (6) ________________ and
environmentally friendly.
7. The Aircruise will carry a total of (7) ________________ passengers.
8. The luxury features on board include private apartments, a bar and a (8) ________________
9. Compared to airports, the Aircruise has the potential to land closer to (9) ________________
10. The concept is getting a lot of attention from a Korean company which makes (10) _________

B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. The brother and sister were __________over who would get to inherit the beach house.
A. at large B. at odds C. at a standstill D. at a loose end
2. Jack: “I’d rather stay at home.” Tim: “_________”
A. Would you? B. Wouldn’t you? C. Had you? D. Hadn’t you?
3. After a six- year relationship, Martha and Billy have decided to _____.
A. break the bank B. turn the page C. tie the knot D. make the grade
4. Scientists are predicting that the volcano might erupt so people have been _____ from the area.
A. escaped B. emigrated C. exported D. evacuated
5. Jack discovered that his home had been___________ by burglars.
A. annihilated B. ransacked C. eliminated D. exterminated
6. The automobile had its windows_________ in the collision yesterday.
A. smash B. to be smashed C. smashed D. smashing
7. There was no one downstairs; so he turned off the lights again and decided that she ____________
imagined things.
A. must have B. should have C. can’t have D. needn’t have
8. “But so,” I told him, “ you’re my own_________.”
A. heart to heart B. body and soul C. flesh and blood D. skin and bone
9. Some people enjoy training; for others it is only a _________ to an end.
A. means B. method C. way D. tool
10. Unfortunately, not all of us obtain our just____________ in this life.
A. demands B. deserts C. gains D. wins
11. It was felt that the new bonus for increased production would provide and ________ to work overtime.
A. incitement B. attraction C. initiative D. incentive.
12. Remember not to cough or sneeze at the table.________, excuse yourself.
A. For necessary B. As necessary C. With all need D. If need be
13. “ Edwards seems like a dog with two tails this morning”. Haven’t you heard the news? His wife gave birth
to a baby boy early this morning”
A. very proud B. exhausted C. extremely pleased D. extremely dazed
14. _________ it were well paid, I would accept this proposal.
A. Providing B. If only C. But for D. Unless
15. .Professor Baker was an ______________ on the greenhouse effects.
A. author B. authority C. authorized D. authorship
16. Little Deon : “This herb smells horrible!” Mommy:___________, it will do you a power of good.
A. Be that as it may B. Come what may
C. How much horrible is it D. Whatever it smells
17. _____________, we probably would have arrived at the airport in time.
A. Had not we stopped for gas B. If we had stopped for gas
C. Had it not been for our stop for gas D. If not for having been stopped for gas
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18. _____________ to the unaided eye, ultraviolet light can be detected in a number of ways.
A. Although is invisible B. Even though it invisible
C. Despite invisible D. Although invisible
19. Householders were told not to use hose-pipes as a(n)____________ against a serious water shortage .
A. preparation B. precaution C. attempt D. provision
20. The inflation rate in Greece is five times ___________ my country,” he said. .
A. as much as B. as high as that in C. more than D. as many as that in

Part 2. Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections
in the corresponding numbered boxes. There is ONE example at the beginning.
TAKE CARE IN THE SUN
The Sun should be (0) enjoying but overexposure can cause sunburnt, leading to mature skin ageing and increased
risk of skin cancer. It is the ultraviolet rays which cause this; even in the UK they can damage your skin, but UV is
much more powerful the nearer the equator you go. You must stay out of the sun during the two hours around
midday, use shade at other times, the sun hat and tight woven but loose clothing. Protective creams suitable for your
skin type can help protect unavoidably exposing parts of the body. A farther related risk is heart stroke, caused by
overheating. Avoid strenuous activity during the hot hours and make sure you drink plenty of non-alcohol drinks
(best is water which has been boiled or soft drink from sealed cans or bottles) to replace body fluid.

Part 3. Complete each sentence with one suitable particle or preposition. Write your answer in the box
provided.
1. His business has gone ________, and he has lost everything.
2. "Please, don't forget that this is only ________ you and me."
3. His abstinence ________ caffeine lasted only two months.
4. This watch used to belong to my great-great- grandfather. It’s been handed ________from father to son for five
generations.
5. I’ve got to drive, so I think I’d better stick ________orange juice, thanks all the same
6. Doctors hold________ little hope of her recovering.
7. We are having our living room done________.
8. Her part-time job brings her________ a hundred dollars a week.
9. In England, single people have much greater ease in moving ________ in search of work than married people.
10. There are plenty of exceptions ________ this view in this country.

Part 4. Write the correct form of the words given in the brackets. Write your answers in the spaces provided
below.
We are (1. SURE) ______ by the experts that we are, as a species, designed for face-to-face
communication. But does that really mean having every meeting in person? Ask the bleary-eyed sales team
this question as they struggle (2.LABOUR) ___________ through their weekly teambuilding session and that
answer is unlikely to be in the (3. AFFIRM) ___________. Unless you work for a very small business or
have an (4. EXCEPT) ___________ high boredom threshold, you doubtless spend more time sitting in
meetings than you want to. Of course, you could always follow business guru Archie Norman’s example. He
liked to express (5. SOLID) ___________ with customers queuing at the checkout by holding management
meetings standing up.
Is email a realistic (6. ALTERNATIVE) ___________? It’s certainly a powerful tool for disseminating
information, but as a meeting substitute it’s seriously flawed. Words alone can cause trouble. We’re all full of
(7. INTENTION) ___________ that can be (8.SECURE) ____________ triggered by others and people are
capable of reading anything they like into an email.
There is also a (9.TEND) ___________ for email to be used by people who wish to avoid ‘real’
encounters because they don’t want to be (10.FRONT) ___________ with any awkwardness.

C. READING
Part 1. For questions 1-15, read the article below and then decide which answer best fits each space.
WE REALLY CAN TELL IF WE ARE BEING WATCHED
Stories about how people somehow know when they are being watched have been going around for
years. However, few (0) ____________ have been made to investigate the phenomenon scientifically. Now,
with the completion of the largest ever study of the so-called staring effect, there is impressive evidence that
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this is a recognizable and (1) __________ sixth sense. The study (2) ___________hundreds of children. For
the experiments, they sat with their eyes (3) ____________ so they could not see, and with their backs to
other children, who were told to either stare at them or look away. Time and time again the results showed
that the children who could not see were able to (4) __________ when they were being stared at. In a (5)
____________ of more than 18,000 trials (6) ____________ worldwide, the children (7) ____________
sensed when they were being watched almost 70% of the time. The experiment was repeated with the (8)
__________precaution of putting the children who were being watched outside the room, (9) ____________
from the starers by the windows. This was done just in case there was some (10) _________ going on with
the children telling each other whether they were looking or not.
0. A. tries B. tests C. attempts D. aims
1. A. genuine B. accepted C. received D. sure
2. A. involved B. contained C. comprised D. enclosed
3. A. shaded B. wrapped C. masked D. covered
4. A. find B. notice C. tell D. reveal
5. A. sum B. collection C. mass D. total
6. A. worked over B. worked through C. carried on D. carried out
7. A. correctly B. exactly C. thoroughly D. perfectly
8. A. attached B. added C. connected D. increased
9. A. separated B. parted C. split D. divided
10. A. pretending B. lying C. cheating D. deceiving

Part 2. Read the article below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each
gap.
THE TOUGHEST RUNNERS
There are a few runners who have completed every London Marathon since the first race in 1981.
They are the toughest runners of all. These athletes, (1) ____________ honour of both their mental and
physical strength, have been given a permanent entry in the event for the rest of their lives, provided that they
do not miss a year. Other people have run the race faster or under greater handicaps, (2) ____________ these
are athletes with a mission. For (3) ____________, the annual event is a way of life, not just a worthy fund-
raising exercise or a single challenge. Bill O’Connor is one of these runners. In his case, running is a daily
ritual which began in New Zealand (4) ____________ , as a youngster, he pounded along the wet sand on the
edge of the Tasman Sea. Now aged fifty, and working as a mathematics teacher at a school in London, he
retains his fascination (5) ____________the London Marathon and the activity of running. He says, “When
the first London Marathon was held, I thought (6) ____________ myself that here was a challenge. I thought
that if there was only going to be one race, I wanted to have run in it.” But the London Marathon went (7)
____________ to become the most impressive success story in British sport and Bill O’Connor has been a
constant part of it. (8) ____________ he ever felt that he would fail to finish? “In 1985. It was a beautiful day
and I started running much (9) ____________ fast for the first mile and got worried. So I slowed down for the
next mile. Yet (10) ____________I expected I would take at least four hours , I finished in two hours thirty-four
minutes and twenty-nine seconds”. It is his best time so far.

Part 3. Read the passage and choose the right answer for each question.
HERBS AND DRUGS
Herbs are different kinds of plants and plant parts that can be used for medicinal purposes. This can
include the leaves, stems, roots, or seeds of the plant. Herbs have been important in traditional medicine for
centuries, in both of the East and the West. In Western medicine, they have largely been replaced by drugs.
Herbal treatments are, however, still an integral part of Eastern medicine. In recent years, interest in
traditional medicine has increased in the West. Many people are either using modern methods combined with
traditional treatments or are turning to these treatments entirely. While traditional medicine can be helpful,
they are not without their share of problems.
The main difference between herbs and drugs is that, while herbs are simply parts of plants, drugs are
specific chemicals in a pure form. Many modern drugs are derived from chemicals found in plants. One
example is aspirin, which is made from a chemical extracted from the back of the willow tree. Other drugs are
entirely synthetic. Even those drugs that are derived from natural sources are heavily processed in order to
purify and concentrate them. This allows drugs to be administered in very precise amounts. Different kinds
and degrees of illnesses often require dosages that differ only slightly. A little too much or not enough of a
12
certain drug can have negative effects on the patient. Many drugs also produce negative effects even when
taken in the recommended dosage. These undesired negative effects are called “side-effects”
The possibility of dangerous and unexpected side-effects from drugs has led many people back to
traditional medicine. Herbal treatments seem more natural than modern drugs. Many feel that traditional
medicine is more concerned with treating the underlying causes of disease instead of just the symptoms,
through the truth of this claim is not yet clear. In any case, there is a certain comfort in taking natural herbal
treatments instead of the processed, synthetic chemicals derived from them.
There are, however, disadvantages to herbal treatments, some of them are serious. Few herbal
treatments have been scientifically studied. While the active chemicals in the herb may be known, it may not
be clear what they really do, or if they are really effective at all. Because the active chemicals are not used
alone, it is very difficult to determine the proper amount for treatment, since the levels of the chemical are not
constant throughout the plant. Therefore, the risk of under- and overdose is higher than with drugs. A more
serious problem is that certain herbal treatments may have no real medicinal effect, thus giving the patient a
false sense of security. This is particularly harmful when the patient refuses treatment with modern drugs that
could be effective.
There are even certain herbs that can cause side-effects, just like a drug. (A) One of these is ma-huang,
also called ephedra, which is taken to increase energy. (B) It has been known to cause damage to the heart and
nervous system. Garlic and ginger are common elements in food that are also taken as herbal treatments, but
they can be dangerous for people with diabetes. (C) In general, herbs are most dangerous when they are taken
along with common drugs. This may happen in two ways: a patient decides to supplement his or her regular
treatment with herbs, or a dishonest manufacturer adds modern drugs to an herbal treatment. (D) In both
cases, the results can be very serious. The herb St. John’s wort is often used to treat depression, but if it is
used along with conventional antidepressants, such as Zoloft, the combination can cause confusion,
headaches, allergic reactions, and other problems.
Finally, because production of herbal treatments is seldom regulated, harmful substances can be
present in herbal preparations. Herbs grown in polluted soil may contain lead, arsenic, or mercury. They may
also be tainted with pesticides. It is for these reasons that herbs should not be treated as the perfect substitute
for drugs. Although herbs appear to be quite distinct from modern drugs, it is important to use them with the
same sort of care.
1. The word “integral” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. harmful. B. important. C. famous. D. controversial.
2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to “tained” in paragraph 6?
A. Accompanied. B. Augmented. C. Substituted. D. Contaminated.
3. The word “this” in paragraph 4 line 8 refers to
A. patients taking ineffective herbs instead of drugs.
B. patients having a sense of security.
C. the risk of under and overdose of an herbal treatment.
D. the patient’s belief that modern drugs are bad for you.
4. Why does the author mention that drugs are heavily processed?
A. To show that herbs cannot compete with modern medical techniques.
B. Because many mistakes can occur in this processing.
C. To illustrate that drugs are not natural.
D. To point out that many countries cannot afford to produce drugs.
5. What is the main difference between herbs and drugs according to the passage?
A. Drugs can cause side-effects, whereas herbs do not.
B. Drugs are at least partially synthetic, whereas herbs are natural.
C. Herbs are dangerous when taken in large amounts, drugs are safer.
D. Herbs can produce a false sense of security, whereas drugs do not.
6. According to the passage, when are herbs most dangerous?
A. When not taken under a doctor’s supervision.
B. When the patient refuses modern medicine.
C. When the dosage is not administered precisely.
D. When taken in combination with drugs.
7. According to the passage, who should not take ginger or garlic as herbal treatments?
A. Patients with diabetes. B. Patients with liver damage.
C. Patients taking antidepressants. D. Patients with problems of the heart or nervous system.
13
8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Some herbal treatments are not effective in fighting disease.
B. Modern doctors often do not approve of using herbs.
C. Herbal treatments can also produce side-effects.
D. Some manufacturers add drugs to herbs.
9. It can be inferred from the passage that.
A. The drug industry is better regulated than the herb industry.
B. People who use drugs instead of herbs recover more quickly.
C. The popularity of herbal treatments will decrease in the future.
D. The side-effects of drugs are more serious than those of herbs.
10. Where the following sentence could be added to paragraph 5:
“Certain herbs have also been known to be harmful for people suffering from asthma.”
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D . (D)

Part 4. The reading passage below has six paragraphs A-F. Choose the correct heading for each
paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-ix.
List of Headings
i. Indecision about a name
ii. Current problems with distribution
iii. Uncertainty about financial advantages
iv. The contrasts of cinema today
v. The history of cinema
vi. Integrating other events into cinema
vii. The plans for the future of films
viii. An unexpected advantage
ix. Too true to life?

THE END OF THE SILVER SCREEN?

Cinema technology has remained much the same for a century, so when will it go digital? Kelvin Hilton
views the projections.

A Cinema is full of contradictions. It is high- tech and old- fashioned at the same time. Today’s films are full
of digital sound and computer- generated special effects. Yet they are still stored on celluloid film, the basis
of which is more than 100 years old. They are also displayed with projectors and screens that seem to belong
to our great- grandparents’ generation.

B Now we are in the second century of cinema, there are moves to bring the medium right up to date. This
will involve revolutionizing not just how films are made but also how they are distributed and presented. The
aim is not only to produce and prepare films digitally, but to be able to send them to movie theatres by digital,
electronic means. High- resolution digital projectors would then show the film. Supporters say this will make
considerable savings at all stages of this chain, particularly for distribution.

C With such a major technological revolution on the horizon, it seems strange that the industry is still not
sure what to call itself. This may appear a minor point, but the choices, ‘digital’ cinema and ‘electronic’
cinema (e- cinema), suggest different approaches to, and aspects of, the business. Digital cinema refers to the
physical capture of images; e-cinema covers the whole chain, from production through post- production
(editing, addition of special effects and construction of soundtrack) to distribution and projection.

D What about the effects of the new medium? The main selling point of digital cinema is the high resolution
and sharpness of the final image. But those who support the old- fashioned approach to film point to the
celluloid medium’s quality of warmth. A recurring criticism of video is that it may be too good:
uncomfortably real, rather like looking through an open window. In 1989, the director of the first full- length
American digital high-definition movie admitted that the picture had a ‘stark, strange reality to it’.

E Even the money–saving aspect of e-cinema is doubted. One expert says that exciting cinema will have to
14
show the new material and not all of them will readily or rapidly furnish themselves with the right equipment.
‘E-cinema is seen as a way of saving money, because print costs a lot,’ he says. ‘But for that to work, cinemas
have to be showing the films because cinemas are the engine that drives the film industry.’

F This view has prompted some pro-digital entrepreneurs to take a slightly different approach. HD Thames
is looking at reinventing the existing cinema market, moving towards e-theatre, which would use digital video
and projection to present plays, musicals and some sporting events to the public. This is not that different
from the large-screen TV system that was set up in New York in 1930 and John Logie Baird’s experiments
with TV in the late 1920s and early 30s.

Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage
There are big changes ahead for cinema if digital production takes place and the industry no longer
uses (7) _____ and gets rid of the old-fashioned projectors and screens used to show movies. The main
advantage is likely to be that the final image will be clearer. However, some people argue that the digital
picture will lack (8) _____
In addition, digital production will only reduce costs if cinemas are willing to buy new (9) _____. As a
result, experiments with what is called (10) ‘_____’ may mark a change in the whole entertainment industry.

D. WRITING
Part 1. Finish each of the following sentences in such way that it means exactly the same as the sentences
printed before it.
1. Both of the lifts were out of order.
➢ Neither _________________________________________________________________
2. You should have called the doctor at once.
➢ It was _________________________________________________________________
3. Money is of no value on a desert island.
➢ Money counts ___________________________________________________________
4. There’s nothing more be done about this matter.
➢ Nothing more ___________________________________________________________
5. Marie distrusts modern technology strongly.
➢ Marie has ______________________________________________________________

Part 2. Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the same. (10 points)
1. Your attitude will have to change if you want to succeed LEAF
__________________________________________________________
2. I assume you’re hungry. GRANTED
__________________________________________________________
3. It was raining cats and dogs. TORRENTS
__________________________________________________________
4. At first the new computer made me feel a bit afraid. AWE
__________________________________________________________
5. The fact that he will never race again is something he cannot accept TERMS
__________________________________________________________

Part 3. Writing an essay of about 250 words about the following topic. (20 points)
“People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example: new experiences, career
preparation, increase knowledge …). Why do you think people attend college or university ?”

15
 TEST 3

I. LISTENING
1. Section 1: Complete the following form using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER.
SHORT STAY ACCOMMODATION
Example Answer
Family name: Mackinlay
First name: (1) ……………………
Country of origin: (2) ……………………
Date of Arrival: (3) ……………………
Number of tenants: (4) ……………………
Length of stay: 2 weeks
Purpose of visit: (5) ……………………

Section 2: Circle the correct letter A – C

1. According to Nick the first Australian immigrants were:
A. The ancestors of aborigines
B. Petty criminals
C. Sailors
2. What was the name of the first British colony in Australia?
A. Victoria
B. New South Wales
C. New London
3. When was the White Australia Policy started?
A. Just after the first colony expanded
B. After Australian Federation
C. After World War II
4. Why was there bad feeling towards many Chinese immigrants in the 1850s?
A. They opened restaurants
B. They were searching for gold
C. They would work for less money than the local Australians
5. When were Asian students first allowed to study at Australian universities?
A. 1950
B. 1957
C. 1973

Section 3: You will hear an interview with Pamela Green, a young fashion designer.Decide whether
following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to what you hear:
1. Doing research into the fashion industry helped Pamela to decide to become a fashion designer.
2. When starting your own fashion label, it's not important to have a business plan.
3. Pamela usually finds inspiration for her fashion designs in the clothes she wears.
4. According to Pamela, successful designers need to be able to recognize all past styles.
5. People who want a career in fashion should be aware of the options available.

Section 4: You will hear an interview with a man called Daren Howarth, who works as a
carbon coach. For questions 1-10, complete the sentences.
THE CARBON COACH
Daren says that a carbon coach works full-time as a (1)____________ with various clients.
Before becoming a carbon coach, Daren trained to be an (2)___________ .

16
When assessing a family's carbon footprint, Daren looks first at their (3) __________ .
Daren uses what's called a (4) ________ to see how much electricity things use.
Daren points out that (5) _______ will help pay for roof insulation.
Daren feels that using (6) __________ of the old type is the worst waste of energy he sees.
Daren helped to reduce a band's carbon footprint at (7) ________ as well as on its CDs.
Daren mentions a new type of green home called an (8) ________ .
The new green home uses both the sun and (9) _______ to produce electricity.
Daren suggests buying a (10) ________ which gives more information about the new green home.

PART II. LEXICO – GRAMMAR

Section 1. Choose the best answer.
1. His English was roughly ______ with my Greek, so communication was rather difficult!
A. levelled B. on a par C. equal D. in tune
2. Well, I’m sorry, that’s all I can offer you. ______ .
A. Take it or forget it B. Get it or forget it C. Take it or leave it D. Leave it or take it
3. He promised me an Oxford dictionary and to my great joy, he ______ his word.
A. stood by B. stuck at C. went back on D. held onto
4. The police are ______ certain who the culprit is.
A. in some ways B. more or less C. here and there D. by and by
5. Employees who have a ______ are encouraged to discuss it with the management.
A. hindrance B. grievance C. disadvantage D. disturbance
6. Although the patient received intensive treatment, there was no ______ improvement in her condition.
A. decipherable B. legible C. discernible D. intelligible
7. The prospect of picking up any survivors are now______
A. thin B. narrow C. slim D. restricted
8. His happy–go–lucky attitude means that on the field he exhibits a ______ disregard for the rules.
A. required B. glaring C. permissible D. flagrant
9. He was selected to play despite a string of ______ performances.
A. satisfactory B. reasonable C. outstanding D. mediocre
10. Even the best medicines are not ______ .
A. infallible B. unfailing C. fail-proof D. falsified
11. I’m in a bit of a ______ as to what to wear to the party.
A. loss B. quandary C. problem D. trouble
12. His new play is not only interesting but also unique. It is really off the beaten ______ .
A. track B. road C. path D. route
13. Without written evidence, we don’t have a ______ on.
A. leg to stand B. foot to stand C. leg to lean D. foot to lean
14. Now’s a ______ time to tell me you’re going out this evening - I’ve spent the whole day preparing supper
for you.
A. suitable B. reasonable C. right D. fine
15. She hasn’t had an accident yet but she’s had a number of ______ shaves.
A. narrow B. near C. close D. tiny
16. As you are the strongest in the group, you can take the ______ .
A. lead B. head C. part D. way
17. Although she had never used a word-processor before, she soon got the ______ of it.
A. feel B. touch C. move D. hang
18. I overslept this morning and caught the last bus to school by the skin of my ______ .
A. mouth B. leg C. neck D. teeth
19. The sky got very dark and soon it began to ______ down.
A. roar B. bath C. bucket D. soar
20. If you want a flat in the center of the city, you have to pay through the ______ for it.
A. teeth B. back of your head C. nose D. arm
17
Section 2:There are 10 errors in the following passage. Find and correct them.
Line
1 A great majority of adults in the industrial world – in fact, about 90 per cent – will be married
some time in their lives. Of those who do not, some may choose to remain single, but others
will have no choice. An alarming number who marry will divorce, but this is because marriage
itself has lost its attraction – instead people give up particular relationships and try back. For
5 example, of four out of ten American marriages that possibly end up divorce, 80 per cent are
preludes to further unions. Every society has its own definition of what a perfect marriage it
should be. In the Western world, it seems that a husband and wife have a perfect marriage if
they love each other, have no other sex partner, display trust, loyalty and intimacy, confide in
each other, show mutual respect, are willing to listen to their partner’s concern and agree on
10 their children’s up- bringing. However, from time to time the balance of social expectations
shifts. For example, a study carried out in 1986 showed that 74 per cent of American couples
rating ‘equality in the relationship’ an important component of marriage. We can be fair sure
that their great-grandparents (and particularly their great-grandfathers) did not place the same
value in this.

Section 3: Fill in each blank with the correct form of one of the verbs, and one of the particles in the box.
Some words can be used more than once.
try go put carry stick get do look hold against
down over around out on up
1. At school, Luis got into a lot of trouble for something I did, and now he ______ it ______ me.
2. When I was in New York, I was able to ______ ______ several old friends I hadn’t seen for years.
3. The car’s in quite good condition but you can ______ it ______ before you make any decision to buy.
4. If I could ______ it ______ again, I’d do it differently.
5. The price of gas is expected to ______ ______ to $1 a gallon within a month.
6. Stop worrying about it. Don’t let this failure ______ you ______.
7. If you ______ ______ working so hard, you’ll make yourself ill.
8. The light suddenly ______ ______, and I couldn’t see a thing.
9. Do you have to go already? Can’t you ______ ______ for a few minutes?
10. You’d better ______ ______ your cigarette because smoking isn’t allowed in here.

Section 4:Give the correct form of the words in brackets.

The advances made by humans have made us the dominant species on our planet. However, several
eminent scientists are concerned that we have become too successful, that our way of life is putting an (1.
PRECEDE) strain on the Earth's ecosystems and threatening our future as a species. We are confronting
environmental problems that are more taxing than ever before, some of them seemingly (2. SOLVE). Many of
the Earth's crises are (3. PERSIST) and inexorably linked. Pollution is an obvious example of this affecting
our air, water and soil.
The air is polluted by (4. EMIT) produced by cars and industry. Through acid rain and greenhouse gases
these same exhaust fumes can have a devastating impact on our climate. Climate change is (5. ARGUE) the
greatest environmental challenge facing our planet with increased storms, floods, drought and species losses
predicted. This will inevitably have a negative impact on (6. DIVERSIFY) and thus our ecosystem.
The soil is contaminated by factories and power stations which can leave heavy metals in the soil. Other
human activities such as the (7. DEVELOP) of land and the clearing of trees also take their toll on the quality
of our soil; deforestation has been shown to cause soil (8. ERODE). Certain farming practices can also pollute
the land though the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. This contamination in turn affects our rivers and
waterways and damages life there. The chemicals enter our food chain, moving from fish to mammals to us.
Our crops are also grown on land that is far from (9. SPOIL). Affected species include the polar bear, so not
even the Arctic is immune.
Reducing waste and clearing up pollution costs money. Yet it is our quest for wealth that generates so
much of the refuse. There is an urgent need to find a way of life that is less damaging to the Earth. This is not
easy, but it is vital, because pollution is (10. PERVADE) and often life-threatening.

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PART III. READING
Section 1:Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life. (1)_______ human
activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (2) _______ on consuming two-thirds
of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so (3) _______ to stay alive we are rapidly
destroying the (4) _______ resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile
soil is (5) _______ built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will
never be able to recover (6) _______ We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the
consequences. As a (7) _______ the planet's ability to support people is being (8) _______at the very time
when rising human numbers and consumption are (9) _______ increasingly heavy demands on it.
The Earth's (10) _______ resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines,
warmth, shelter and minerals to keep us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use
the resources they will last indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run out
and everyone will suffer.
1. A. Although B. Still C. Yet D. Despite
2. A. continues B. repeats C. carries D. follows
3. A. already B. just C. for D. entirely
4. A. alone B. individual C. lone D. only
5. A. sooner B. neither C. either D. rather
6. A. quite B. greatly C. utterly D. completely
7. A. development B. result C. reaction D. product
8. A. stopped B. narrowed C. reduced D. cut
9. A. doing B. having C. taking D. making
10. A. natural B. real C. living D. genuine

Section 2:Fill in each gap with ONE word to complete the following text.
Energy is one of the (1) _______ that many people are interested in. It is not an unfamiliar word. It is heard,
said, discussed day after day. It is close to everyone’s (2) _______ life. You turn on the lamp and it is (3)
_______ that gives you light. You turn on a TV and it is energy that gives you pictures and sound. You ride a
motorcycle and it is energy that gives you (4) _______. You cook your meals and it is energy that gives you
heat to boil rice.
The problem is that the (5) _______ for energy is rising and that the price of energy is getting higher and
higher. The supply of energy on earth is limited. It cannot provide us all forever. The (6) _______ of energy
in the future is inevitable. Therefore, saving energy is a must if we want to (7) _______ to live in a safe and
sound world.
If we save energy, the environment will be (8) _______ polluted and our health will be better and we
will live a more meaningful life and more happily. Perhaps the best solution to the problem of energy is a (9)
_______ of clean energy coming from the sun: solar energy. This kind of energy is easily available, free, and
inexhaustible. Furthermore, it does not cause (10) _______.

Section 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answers.
They are just four, five and six years old right now, but already they are making criminologists
nervous. They are growing up, too frequently, in abusive or broken homes, with little adult supervision and
few positive role models. Left to themselves, they spend much of their time hanging out on the streets or
soaking up violent TV shows. By the year 2005 they will be teenagers–a group that tends to be, in the view of
Northeastern University criminologist James Alan Fox, “temporary sociopaths–impulsive and immature.” If
they also have easy access to guns and drugs, they can be extremely dangerous.
For all the heartening news offered by recent crime statistics, there is an ominous flip side. While the
crime rate is dropping for adults, it is soaring for teens. Between 1990 and 1994, the rate at which adults age
25 and older committed homicides declined 22%; yet the rate jumped 16% for youths between 14 and 17, the
age group that in the early ’90s supplanted 18- to 24-year-olds as the most crime-prone. And that is precisely
the age group that will be booming in the next decade. There are currently 39 million children under 10 in the
U.S., more than at any time since the 1950s. “This is the calm before the crime storm,” says Fox. “So long as
we fool ourselves in thinking that we’re winning the war against crime, we may be blindsided by this
bloodbath of teenage violence that is lurking in the future.”

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 Demographics don’t have to be destiny, but other social trends do little to contradict the dire
predictions. Nearly all the factors that contribute to youth crime–single-parent households, child abuse,
deteriorating inner-city schools–are getting worse. At the same time, government is becoming less, not more,
interested in spending money to help break the cycle of poverty and crime. All of which has led John J.
DiIulio Jr., a professor of politics and public affairs at Princeton, to warn about a new generation of “super
predators,” youngsters who are coming of age in actual and “moral poverty,” without “the benefit of parents,
teachers, coaches and clergy to teach them right or wrong and show them unconditional love.”
Predicting a generation’s future crime patterns is, of course, risky; especially when outside factors
(Will crack use be up or down? Will gun laws be tightened?) remain unpredictable. Michael Tonry, a
professor of law and public policy at the University of Minnesota, argues that the demographic doomsayers
are unduly alarmist. “There will be a slightly larger number of people relative to the overall population who
are at high risk for doing bad things, so that’s going to have some effect,” he concedes. “But it’s not going to
be an apocalyptic effect.” Norval Morris, professor of law and criminology at the University of Chicago, finds
DiIulio’s notion of super predators too simplistic: “The human animal in young males is quite a violent
animal all over the world. The people who put forth the theory of moral poverty lack a sense of history and
comparative criminology.”
Yet other students of the inner city are more pessimistic. “All the basic elements that spawn teenage
crime are still in place, and in many cases the indicators are worse,” says Jonathan Kozol, author of Amazing
Grace, an examination of poverty in the South Bronx. “There’s a dramatic increase of children in foster care,
and that’s a very high-risk group of kids. We’re not creating new jobs, and we’re not improving education to
suit poor people for the jobs that exist.”
Can anything defuse the demographic time bomb? Fox urges “reinvesting in children”: improving
schools, creating after-school programs and providing other alternatives to gangs and drugs. DiIulio, a law-
and-order conservative, advocates tougher prosecution and wants to strengthen religious institutions to instill
better values. Yet he opposes the Gingrich-led effort to make deep cuts in social programs. “A failure to
maintain existing welfare and health commitment for kids,” he says, “is to guarantee that the next wave of
juvenile predators will be even worse than we’re dealing with today.” DiIulio urges fellow conservatives to
think of Medicaid not as a health-care program but as “an anticrime policy.”
(Source: Time Magazine)
1. Young children are making criminologists nervous because
A. they are committing too much crime. B. they are impulsive and immature.
C. they may grow up to be criminals. D. they have no role models.
2. The general crime rate in the US is
A. increasing B. decreasing C. not changing D. difficult to predict
3. The age group which commits the highest rate of crime is
A. 14 – 17. B. 18 – 24. C. 24 +. D. the old
4. James Fox believes that the improvement in crime figures could
A. make us complacent in the fight against crime.
B. result in an increase in teenage violence.
C. make us become fooled and blindsided.
D. result in a decrease in teenage violence.
5. According to paragraph 3, the government
A. cutting down on the budget. B. is doing everything it can to solve the problem.
C. is not interested in solving the problem. D. is not doing enough to solve the problem.
6. In comparison with James Fox, Michael Tonry is
A. more pessimistic. B. less pessimistic. C. equally pessimistic. D. indifferent
7. Jonathan Kozol believes that
A. there is no solution to the problem.
B. employment and education are not the answer.
C. employment and education can improve the situation.
D. people can solve the problem by improving schools.
8. Professor DiIulio thinks that spending on social programs
A. should continue as it is B. should be decreased.
C. is irrelevant to crime rates. D. is a better solution to the problem.
9. The word ‘lurking” in the paragraph 2 can be best replaced by
A. happening B. hiding C. impending D. looming
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10. The sentence “This is the calm before the crime storm.” means:
A. There will be population booming in in the next decade.
B. The age group committing crime most in the next decade is now under 10.
C. The age group 14 – 17 will commit the most crimes in the next decade.
D. People will be successful in dealing with the war against crime in the next decade.

Section 4: The following reading passage has seven paragraphs A-G.

TRY IT AND SEE
In the social sciences, it is often supposed that there can be no such
thing as a controlled experiment. Think again.
A In the scientific pecking order, social scientists are usually looked down on by their peers in the natural
sciences. Natural scientists do experiments to test their theories or, if they cannot, they try to look for natural
phenomena that can act in lieu of experiments. Social scientists, it is widely thought, do not subject their own
hypotheses to any such rigorous treatment. Worse, they peddle their untested hypotheses to governments and
try to get them turned into policies.
B Governments require sellers of new medicines to demonstrate their safety and effectiveness. The
accepted gold standard of evidence is a randomized control trial, in which a new drug is compared with the
best existing therapy (or with a placebo, if no treatment is available). Patients are assigned to one arm or the
other of such a study at random, ensuring that the only difference between the two groups is the new
treatment. The best studies also ensure that neither patient nor physician knows which patient is allocated to
which therapy. Drug trials must also include enough patients to make it unlikely that chance alone may
determine the result.
C But few education programs or social initiatives are evaluated in carefully conducted studies prior to
their introduction. A case in point is the 'whole-language' approach to reading, which swept much of the
English-speaking world in the 1970s and 1980s. The whole-language theory holds that children learn to read
best by absorbing contextual clues from texts, not by breaking individual words into their component parts
and reassembling them (a method known as phonics). Unfortunately, the educational theorists who pushed the
whole-language notion so successfully did not wait for evidence from controlled randomized trials before
advancing their claims. Had they done so, they might have concluded, as did an analysis of 52 randomized
studies carried out by the US National Reading Panel in 2000, that effective reading instruction requires
phonics.
D To avoid the widespread adoption of misguided ideas, the sensible thing is to experiment first and make
policy later. This is the idea behind a trial of restorative justice which is taking place in the English courts.
The experiment will include criminals who plead guilty to robbery. Those who agree to participate will be
assigned randomly either to sentencing as normal or to participation in a conference in which the offender
comes face-to-face with his victim and discusses how he may make emotional and material restitution. The
purpose of the trial is to assess whether such restorative justice limits re-offending. If it does, it might be
adopted more widely.
E The idea of experimental evidence is not quite as new to the social sciences as sneering natural scientists
might believe. In fact, randomized trials and systematic reviews of evidence were introduced into the social
sciences long before they became common in medicine. An apparent example of random allocation is a study
carried out in 1927 of how to persuade people to vote in elections. And randomized trials in social work were
begun in the 1930s and 1940s. But enthusiasm later waned. This loss of interest can be attributed, at least in
part, to the fact that early experiments produced little evidence of positive outcomes. Others suggest that
much of the opposition to experimental evaluation stems from a common philosophical malaise among social
scientists, who doubt the validity of the natural sciences, and therefore reject the potential of knowledge
derived from controlled experiments. A more pragmatic factor limiting the growth of evidence-based
education and social services may be limitations on the funds available for research.
F Nevertheless, some 11,000 experimental studies are known in the social sciences (compared with over
250,000 in the medical literature). Randomized trials have been used to evaluate the effectiveness of driver-
education programs, job training schemes, classroom size, psychological counseling for post-traumatic stress
disorder and increased investment in public housing. And where they are carried out, they seem to have a
healthy dampening effect on otherwise rosy interpretations of the observations.
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G The problem for policymakers is often not too few data, but what to make of multiple and conflicting
studies. This is where a body called the Campbell Collaboration comes into its own. This independent non-
profit organization is designed to evaluate existing studies, in a process known as a systematic review. This
means attempting to identify every relevant trial of a given question (including studies that have never been
published), choosing the best ones using clearly defined criteria for quality, and combining the results in a
statistically valid way. An equivalent body, the Cochrane Collaboration, has produced more than 1,004 such
reviews in medical fields. The hope is that rigorous review standards will allow Campbell, like Cochrane, to
become a trusted and authoritative source of information.

Questions 1-6: Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.
List of Headings
i Why some early social science methods lost popularity
ii The cost implications of research
iii Looking ahead to an unbiased assessment of research
iv A range of social issues that have been usefully studied
v An example of a poor decision that was made too quickly
vi What happens when the figures are wrong
vii One area of research that is rigorously carried out
viii The changing nature of medical trials
ix An investigative study that may lead to a new system
x Why some scientists' theories are considered second-rate

Example Paragraph A Answer: x

1. Paragraph B ……………
2. Paragraph C ……………
3. Paragraph D ……………
4. Paragraph E ……………
5. Paragraph F ……………
6. Paragraph G ……………
Questions 7-10: Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Fighting Crime
Some criminals in England are agreeing to take part in a trial designed to help reduce their chances
of (7)....................... . The idea is that while one group of randomly selected criminals undergoes the
usual (8)....................... the other group will discuss the possibility of making some repayment for the crime
by meeting the (9) ....................... . It is yet to be seen whether this system, known as (10) ....................... will
work.
PART IV. WRITING
Section 1: (20 points):
A. Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original
sentence. Do Not change the form of the given word.
1.The minister seems to be excellent at yielding awkward questions (FLAIR)
→……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. There will be no progress until we have fully understood the problem. (FULL)
→ Not until there is ………………...........................……………………be any progress.
3. We were elated by the birth of our first grandchild (MOON)
→……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. This house is very different from the little flat we used to live in (CRY)
→……………………………………………………………………………………………
5. That wasn’t what I meant at all. You’ve completely misunderstood me as usual (STICK)
→ That wasn’t what I meant at all. You’ve………………………………………………

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B. For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the original
one, using the word given.
1. Going to and fro with al the cases is what I can’t stand about holidays
→ It’s all……………………………………………………………………………..…..
2. The village shop is now being managed by a national supermarket chain.
→ A national supermarket chain has taken..........................................................................
3. This door is an emergency exit and must never be locked for any reason.
→ On ............................................................... be locked because it is an emergency exit.
4. Yolanda’s family persuaded her to enter the competition.
→ Yolanda was talked......................................................... the competition by her family.
5. Just thinking about entering the university makes him so happy.
→ The very………………………………………………………….makes him so happy.

Section 2: (20 points):

In a bout 150 – 200 words, write a paragraph to discuss following topic:
“School violence is increasing in schools. What are the possible causes of this problem?”

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