Gas Dispersion Modeling For Flare Stacks Using Flaresim

Gas Dispersion Modeling for Flare Stacks
Using Flaresim
Prepared by:
Hafif Aulia Nur Rahman
https://www.linkedin.com/in/hafifaulianurrahman/
February, 15th 2024

linkedin.com/in/hafifaulianurrahman
Using Flaresim
Table of Contents
Page
Case Study .......................................................................................................................................3
A. Create Base Case ........................................................................................................................4
B. Jet Dispersion Calculation ........................................................................................................14
C. Gaussian Dispersion (Contour Plot) .........................................................................................19
D. Gaussian Dispersion (Line Plot) ...............................................................................................28
E. Dispersion Analysis Comments ................................................................................................44
Attachment Gas Dispersion Modeling for Flare Stacks Using Flaresim .......................................46
Page 2 of 46
Using Flaresim
Gas Dispersion Modeling for Flare Stacks Using Flaresim
Case Study
Illustrate and analyze gas dispersion (Jet Dispersion and Gaussian Dispersion) from an existing
Flare Stack in a refinery under normal conditions and flame out conditions. The following data
have been provided to perform gas dispersion modeling using Flaresim :
A. Flared Fluid
1. Composition (Mole Fraction) = 90% Methane, 8% Ethane, and 2% H2S
2. Temperature = 75oC
3. Reference Pressure = 1.013 bar a
4. Mass Flow Rate = 50,000 kg/hr
B. Mechanical Data
1. Tip Type = Pipe
2. Tip Diameter = 387.4 mm (15.25 in)
3. Tip Length =1m
4. Stack Length = 20 m
5. Stack Orientation = Vertical
6. Stack Location = At Origin, 0, 0, 0 (in this case study, the stack location
assumption is used instead of using overlay feature)
C. Environment Data
1. Temperature = 15oC
2. Wind Speed = 10 m/s from North
Page 3 of 46
Using Flaresim
A. Create Base Case
Page 4 of 46
A. Create Base Case
1. Start the Flaresim program through the Windows Start button in usual way.
Click / “Search” feature → Type “Flaresim” → Click “Open”
Page 5 of 46
2. After running the Flaresim software, the Setup Wizard will open automatically. Select the European units set for easy of entering
the remaining data. After that, proceed to the next step by clicking the Next button.
Setup Wizard
1
2
*Note : However, you can use other unit sets (Default SI or Default Field) if you are not familiar with European units set.
Page 6 of 46
3. In the Fluid tab, click “From Composition” option instead of “Specified Properties” because the composition of the gas to be
burned is already known.
After that, enter the previously known process data :

• Temperature = 75oC • Reference Pressure = 1.013 bar a (Default)
• Composition (Mole Fraction) = 90% Methane, 8% Ethane, and 2% H2S
1 2
*Note : After you enter the operating conditions and composition of the gas fluid to be burned, the fluid properties (Molecular
Weight, Lower Heating Value, Cp/Cv, LEL, Saturation, Critical Pressure, and Critical Temperature) will be calculated by Flaresim
automatically.
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4. In the Tip tab, select the radio button to set the tip type to a Pipe Tip, according to existing existing mechanical data of Flare Stack
(Z-0101).
After that, in the F Factor Method section, select the Generic Pipe method.
*Note : Generic Pipe F Factor is a proprietary correlation based on refitting other methods (Kent, Tan, Natural Gas, and Cook
methods) across a range of exit velocities and molecular weights and represents a good approach when modelling gas pipe tips.
Page 8 of 46
5. Still in the Tip tab, move to Tip Sizing section and enter the following data :
• Mass Flow Rate = 50,000 kg/hr
• Tip Diameter = 387.4 mm (15.25 in)
*Note : The Mach Number value, marked in red font, will be calculated automatically after you enter the Tip Diameter data.
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6. In the Environment tab, enter the following data :
• Wind Speed = 10 m/s • Temperature = 15oC
• Wind Direction = 0o (From North) • Include Solar Radiation = Checked
• Other Parameters = Leave as default unless otherwise stated or data from environmental laboratory tests provided.
*Note :
• If the direction of the wind is different, use the following value as guidance : East = 90o , South = 180 o , West = 270o.
• When considering whether to include solar radiation in gas dispersion modeling for flaring events, factors such as event
frequency and duration, personnel presence, alignment of sun and flare radiation, use of protective clothing, and ease of escape
from exposed areas should be carefully evaluated.
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7. In the Stack tab, enter the following data :
• Stack Angle = Vertical
• Length = 20 m
*Note : The value of Angle from Horizontal and from North parameters will be calculated automatically after you defined the flare
stack orientation in the Stack Angle section.
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8. In the Receptors tab, leave all parameter as default unless otherwise stated/defined by yourself.
*Note : The Radiation Limit is set at 4.733 kW/m2 where at this value personnel can carry out an emergency for 2 minutes (based
on API STD 521) without protection/shielding but with appropriate clothing.
Page 12 of 46
9. In the Calculations tab, select the Brzustowski method as per recommendation from API STD 521. However, you are free to choose
other calculation methods according to your process needs/requirements and your engineering judgement.
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Using Flaresim
B. Jet Dispersion Calculation
Page 14 of 46
linkedin.com/in/hafifaulianurrahman Gas Dispersion Modeling for Flare Stacks Using Flaresim
B. Jet Dispersion Calculation

In this section, we will conduct a jet dispersion study to examine the considerations of flammable gas surrounding the flare in case
of flame failure.
1. Before enabling the jet dispersion calculations, we will create a new Receptor Grid to see the results more clearly. Select the
Receptor Grid branch in the Case Navigator and click the Add button. In the new view enter the following :
• Name = Elevation • Elevation Maximum = 300 m
• Grid Plane = Elevation-Northing • Northing Minimum = -300 m
• Grid Offset =0m • Northing Maximum = 100 m
• Elevation Minimum =0m • Leave remaining values at defaults.
3
2 4
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2. Open the Calculation Options view by selecting it in the Case Navigator and clicking the view button. Select the check box
labelled Jet Dispersion in the Include Options section of the General Tab.
Click the Calculate button. The message window will include a warning from the dispersion calculations which states that the jet
will interact with the ground at a distance of 2,059 m. This is not a problem as indicated by the green background colour.
2 4
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3. Return to the view for your Elevation receptor grid and select the Concentrations tab. You should see a result that looks
something like that shown below :
2 3
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*Note : If the plot of jet dispersion modeling results looks too small, you can use the Zoom feature. See the following steps :
Page 18 of 46
Using Flaresim
C. Gaussian Dispersion (Contour Plot)
Page 19 of 46
C. Gaussian Dispersion (Contour Plot)

In this section, we will analyze the dispersion of H2S emitted from the flare tip in the scenario of a flame outage.
1. Create a Dispersion Object by selecting the Dispersion branch in the Case Navigator and clicking the Add button. In the Dispersion
view enter the following data on the Input Data tab as shown below :
• Name = H2S Contour • Northing Maximum =0m
• Pollutant Source = Unburnt Flared Fluid • Easting Minimum = -500 m
• Calculation Type = Contour Plot • Easting Maximum = 500 m
• Contours Height =0m • Number of Points, Northing and Easting = 51
• Northing Minimum = -1,000 m
3
2 4
5
6
1
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2. Move to the Pollutant Data tab, select the H2S component only. For a contour plot, only one component can be selected.
Page 21 of 46
3. Open the Calculation Options view and select the Gaussian Dispersion check box to enable these calculations.
After that, click the Calculation button.
4
3
Page 22 of 46
4. Select the H2S Contour view and then click Results tab. Change the display option to the Plot option. The plot shows the ground
level concentration contours for H2S downwind of the stack as shown belows :
3
2
4
5
Page 23 of 46
5. The results shown have been calculated at the default environmental conditions. Atmospheric stability is characterised as Class
D with dispersion coefficients applicable to Rural terrain around the flare. Open the Environment view at the Dispersion Data tab
and test the effect on the dispersion results as you change the Atm. Stability class from A (most turbulent) to F (most stable) and
the effect of changing the terrain from Rural to Urban (if you want to try it). For this case, we will test the effect of changing
the Atm. Stability class from A to F without changing the terrain.
2
3
1
4
The results of dispersion test if the Atm. Stability changes from class A (most turbulent) to F (most stable) are as follows :
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Atmospheric Stability Class H2S Dispersion Results
Pasquill A
(Most Turbulent)
Pasquill B
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Pasquill C
Pasquill D
Page 26 of 46
Pasquill E
Pasquill F
(Most Stable)
*Note : You will see that the H2S concentrations are higher closer to the flare when atmosphere is more turbulent. The
sensitivity of the results to these parameters shows the necessity of selecting the appropriate environment settings for your particular
flare location.
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Using Flaresim
D. Gaussian Dispersion (Line Plot)
Page 28 of 46
D. Gaussian Dispersion (Line Plot)

In this section, we will consider the downwind concentrations of pollutant in the combustion gases of the flare when it is operating.
1. In the Case Navigator select the Dispersion branch and click Add to create a new dispersion object. In the Input Data tab of its
view enter the following data :
• Name = Combustion Emissions • Height for Calculation =0m
• Pollutant Source = Combustion Product • Downwind Distance Minimum = 100 m
• Calculation Type = Downwind Line Plot • Downwind Distance Maximum = 10,000 m
• Reference Location = Origin • Number of Points = 100
3
2
4
5
6
1
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2. In the Pollutant tab, select the SO2, NO, CO and Methane pollutants for calculation by checking the box alongside these
components. Click Calculate in the Navigation pane.
3
1
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Some of the components in this list, the CO2, H2O, SO2 are calculated directly from combustion of the components in the flared
gas. The Fluid view, Combustion Results tab shows the stoichiometric fraction of each of these components generated by
combustion of the flared gas.
2
3
1
Page 31 of 46
The remaining components, NOx (assumed as NO), CO and unburnt hydrocarbon (assumed as CH4) are calculated as typical
emissions resulting from hydrocarbon combustion. The quantities of each component generated is calculated by default, using the
global basis defined on the Calculation Option view Emissions tab.
3
2
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Alternatively in Expert Mode, the emissions basis for each Tip can be specified on the Emissions tab of the Tip view.
2
4
1
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The quantities of each component in the combustion gases for each Tip are displayed on the Combustion Results tab of the Tip
view.
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3. Since the dispersion of the combustion gases will be dependent on the flame temperature, we will now set this. Open the Tip View
and select the Fluids tab. At the bottom of this view you may input a value for the flame temperature or clear the specified
value to allow it to be calculated from the specified combustion air ratio.
Set the Combustion Air Ratio to 3.0 and clear the specified flame temperature.
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4. Open the Environment view and set the Atm. Stability Class to PasquillB. After that, click the Calculate button in the Navigation
pane.
3
1 4
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5. Return to the Combustion Gas Results tab of the Tip view to see the calculated flame temperature of 722.9oC and the combustion
gas compositions.
2 3
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6. In the Combustion Dispersions view, go to the Results page and select the Plot result to view the results as shown below. The
peak concentration of SO2 is calculated at ±68 µg/m3 at a distance of approximately ±1,400 m downwind of the flare tip.
3
2
4
5
1
Page 38 of 46
6. As in the previous section, open the Environment view to the Dispersion Data tab and test the effect of changing the Atm.
Stability Class and Terrain class settings. You will find that for stable atmospheric conditions, stability classes E and F, the
emission concentrations are still rising at the maximum downwind distance we have defined (10,000 m). For this case, we will
test the effect of changing the Atm. Stability class from A to F without changing the terrain.
2
3
1
4
The results of dispersion downwind test if the Atm. Stability changes from class A (most turbulent) to F (most stable) are as follows:
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Atmospheric Stability Class Results of Downwind Line Analysis for Combustion Emissions
Pasquill A
(Most Turbulent)
Pasquill B
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Pasquill C
Pasquill D
Page 41 of 46
Pasquill E
Pasquill F
(Most Stable)
Page 42 of 46
7. Save As the case and Print the results. For this gas dispersion modeling, we will use PasquillD as the default Atm. Stability Class.
1 2
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Using Flaresim
E. Dispersion Analysis Comments
Page 44 of 46
E. Dispersion Analysis Comments

There are two general comments on the dispersion analysis capabilities of Flaresim :
1. The Jet Dispersion analysis for flammable gas concentrations is based on the Cleaver & Edwards jet dispersion model. This is
regarded as a reasonable model for concentrations close to the source. However it does assume dispersion in “free air” and does not
consider the effect of structures that might modify dispersion patterns and lead to higher concentrations of flammable gas than
predicted by Flaresim. A more detailed analysis with specialised software would be required in these situations.
2. The Gaussian Dispersion calculation for combustion gases and flared fluid over longer distances, is a simpler theoretical model
that does not include detailed terrain effects. As such it should be considered as suitable for screening calculations to indicate a
possible need for more detailed analysis. Chapter 11 has additional comments on the implementation of the Gaussian dispersion
model in Flaresim.
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Using Flaresim
Attachment
Using Flaresim
Page 46 of 46
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Calculation Options
General
Method Brzustowski Nbr Flame Elem. 1 Calculation mode Sizing
Element Position 50 Active Environment Environment 1 Noise Method Spectrum
Liquid Buoyancy 0.030 m/s Pipe Buoyancy 3.048 m/s Sonic Buoyancy 4.572 m/s
Options
Expert Mode Active Windchill Ignored Noise Attenuation Active
Jet Dispersion Active Gaussian Dispersion Active
Run Dynamics False Run Case Studies True
Heat Transfer Coef. in W/m2/K Temperature Rise Calculations

HTC = 1.25 * WindSpeed^ 1.00 + 4.54 Wind speed below 4.572 m/s Exposure Time 900.0 s
HTC = 3.18 * WindSpeed^ 0.75 + 0.00 For higher wind speeds Nbr of Steps 90
Emission Data
NOX Basis Mass/Heat Release CO Basis Mass/Heat Release HC Basis Mass/Heat Release
NOX Rate 0.02923 kg/GJ CO Rate 0.15900 kg/GJ HC Rate 0.06016 kg/GJ
Fitting Data
Fitting Tip Fitting Point <All Active>
Fitting Result ----- Fitting Error -----
Sizing Information
Stack to be sized None Minimum Length 5.00 m Maximum Length 100.00 m
Sizing Wind Direction ----- Sizing Wind Speed ----- Calculated Size -----
Pressure Profile
Pressure Tolerance 0.000 bar Tip Elements 4 Riser Elements 40
Dispersion Data
Jet Disp. Averaging Short Jet Disp. Stop Conc. 0.00001 mole/mole
Environmental data
Environment: Environment 1 - Active
Atmosphere
Pressure 1.013 bar Temperature 15.0 C Humidity 10.00 %
Wind Speed 10.000 m/s Wind Direction 0.00 °
Background
BackGround Noise 60.0 dB Solar Radiation 0.800 kW/m2
Inc. Background Noise Active Inc. Solar Radiation Active
Transmissivity
Method Calculated Min Value 1.000 Max Value 1.000
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Wind Rose Calculations

Wind Speed Array Ignored Wind Speed vs Direction Ignored
Dispersion Data
Stability Class PasquillD Terrain Class Rural Surface Roughness 0.20 m
Wind Reference Height 10.00 m Correct Wind Speed False
Stack Configuration Data

Stack: Stack 1 - Active
Input Data
Base point name Stack 1 (Base) Base refers to Origin

Base - Northing 0.00 m Base - Easting 0.00 m Base - Elevation 0.00 m
Base - Angle from North 0.00 ° Base - Angle to Horizontal 0.00 ° Base - Radius 0.00 m
Stack
Rotation from North 0.00 ° Angle to Horizontal 90.00 ° Stack Length 20.00 m
Sterile Area
Elevation 0.00 m Noise Basis Noise Run SA Calcs False
Fluid Data
Fluid: Fluid 1
Input Data
Thermo Method Flaresim
Use Temp Corr. False Use RK ZFactor True
LHV 48333.02 kJ/kg Tc -69.6 C LEL 4.71 %

Fluid Temperature 75.0 C Pc 47.475 bar Saturation 100.00 %
Molecular Weight 17.526 Cp/Cv 1.303 Ref. Pressure 1.013 bar
Composition in mole fraction

Hydrogen sulphide 0.020000 Methane 0.900000 Ethane 0.080000
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Results
Flue to Feed Volume Ratio 3.140 Stoichiometric O2 2.110
Enthalpy @ 25°C 580.99 kJ/kg Enthalpy @ Fluid Temp. 690.65 kJ/kg
Stoichiometric Flue Gas Composition

Carbon Dioxide 0.33758 mole/mole Water 0.65605 mole/mole Oxygen 0.00000 mole/mole
Nitrogen 0.00000 mole/mole Sulphur Dioxide 0.00637 mole/mole
Tip Data
Tip: Tip 1 - Active
Input Data
General
Tip Type Pipe Located on stack Stack 1 Nbr of Burners 1
Angle to Horizontal 90.00 ° Angle to North 0.00 °
Tip Length 1.00 m Tip Diameter 387.40 mm Tip Opening 100.00 %
Seal Type None Diameter Basis Tip
Fluids
Fluid Fluid 1 LP Fluid Assist Fluid
Fluid Mass Flow 50000.000 kg/h LP Mass Flow 0.000 kg/h Assist Mass Flow 0.000 kg/h
Fluid Mole Flow 0.792 kgmole/s LP Mole Flow 0.000 kgmole/s
Pressure Drop
Riser Diameter 387.40 mm Tip Outlet Pressure ----- Contraction Coeff. 1.000
Roughness 0.02500 mm Exit Loss 1.000
Flame and Radiation

F Factor Method Generic Pipe
Combustion Air Ratio 3.000 Flame Temperature 722.9 C
Flame Length Method Brzustowski
Radiation Method Global Flame Element Count 1 Element Position 50.00 %
Noise
Noise Method Acoustic Eff. Comb. Efficiency 0.00010 % Peak Frequency 500 Hz
Jet Noise Method Flaresim
Purge Gas
Purge Gas Fluid Nitrogen Purge Area Basis Stack Purge Fixed Velocity 0.060 m/s
Purge Fixed Volume Flow 0.283 m3/h Purge HUSA O2 6.00 % Purge HUSA Height 7.62 m
Emission Data
NOX Basis Mass/Heat Release CO Basis Mass/Heat Release HC Basis Mass/Heat Release
NOX Rate 0.02923 kg/GJ CO Rate 0.15900 kg/GJ HC Rate 0.06016 kg/GJ
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Tip: Tip 1 - Results

General
Flame Length 19.25 m Heat Release 671290.0 kW Tip End - Northing 0.00 m
API Flame Length 54.40 m Frac.Heat Radiated 0.166 Tip End - Easting 0.00 m
Exit Temperature 75.0 C Actual Volume Flow 81402.323 m3/h Tip End - Elevation 21.00 m
Assist Fluid Mass Flow ----- Assist Fluid Flow Ratio ----- Wind Speed At Tip 10.000 m/s
Velocities and Pressure Drop

Exit Velocity 191.835 m/s Tip Outlet pres. 1.013 bar Total Outlet pres. 1.126 bar
Sonic Velocity 463.660 m/s Tip Backpres. 1.017 bar Total Backpres. 1.130 bar
Exit Mach Number 0.414 Seal Backpres. 1.017 bar Total Backpres. 1.130 bar
Contraction Coeff. 1.000 Stack Backpres. 1.090 bar Total Backpres. 1.195 bar
Tip Pressure Drop 0.004 bar Tip Total Pressure Drop 0.003 bar
Seal Pressure Drop 0.000 bar Seal Total Pressure Drop 0.000 bar
Stack Pressure Drop 0.073 bar Stack Total Pressure Drop 0.065 bar
Flame Shape Points

X Y Z
1 0.00 m 0.00 m 21.00 m
2 -10.58 m 0.00 m 34.11 m
3D Flame Shape Chart
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2D Flame Shape Chart, Northing-Easting
2D Flame Shape Chart, Northing-Elevation
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2D Flame Shape Chart, Easting-Elevation
Noise Results
Peak sound pressure
Distance 30.00 m Sound pressure 107.7 dB
Noise Spectrum Results
Frequency Total PWL Combustion PWL Jet PWL

Hz dB dB dB
31.3 111.2 110.8 100.8
62.5 119.6 119.3 107.7
125.0 127.8 127.8 108.0
250.0 136.3 136.3 105.4
500.0 144.8 144.8 100.9
1000.0 142.0 142.0 95.3
2000.0 139.2 139.2 89.4
4000.0 136.4 136.4 83.4
8000.0 133.6 133.6 77.4
16000.0 130.8 130.8 71.4
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Noise Spectrum
Combustion Results General

Adiabatic Flame Temperature 854.2 C Calculated Flame Temperature 722.9 C
Combustion Gas Mass Flow

Carbon dioxide 132087.894 kg/h Water 105547.931 kg/h Oxygen 386020.263 kg/h
Nitrogen 1881382.701 kg/h Sulphur dioxide 3655.333 kg/h Nitrogen monoxide 70.650 kg/h
Carbon monoxide 384.239 kg/h Methane 145.388 kg/h Argon 30919.566 kg/h
Combustion Gas Mole Flow

Carbon dioxide 0.834 kgmole/s Water 1.627 kgmole/s Oxygen 3.351 kgmole/s
Nitrogen 18.656 kgmole/s Sulphur dioxide 0.016 kgmole/s Nitrogen monoxide 0.001 kgmole/s
Carbon monoxide 0.004 kgmole/s Methane 0.003 kgmole/s Argon 0.215 kgmole/s
Purge Gas Results

Fixed velocity rate 30.149 kg/h Fixed volume velocity 0.001 m/s Fixed volume rate 0.335 kg/h
HUSA velocity 0.005 m/s Reduced HUSA velocity 0.005 m/s API velocity -----
HUSA rate 2.509 kg/h Reduced HUSA rate 2.509 kg/h API flow -----
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Receptor Points
Receptor Point Summary
Name Status Northing Easting Elevation Radiation Avg. Noise Noise NoiseA Temp.
m m m kW/m2 dB dB dB C
RP_1 Active -10.00 0.00 0.00 9.402 99.8 109.8 108.5 82.2
Receptor Point: RP_1 - Active
Input Data
Location Properties Sizing
Northing -10.00 m Emissivity 0.700 Max. Radiation 4.733 kW/m2
Easting 0.00 m Absorbtivity 0.700 Observed Radiation -----
Elevation 0.00 m Mass per Area 24.0 kg/m2 Max. Noise -----
Location rel. to Origin Area Ratio 2.000 Max. Average Noise -----
Angle From North 180.00 ° Mass Cp 450.000 J/kg/C Max.A Noise -----
Angle To Horizontal 0.00 ° Initial Temp. 15.6 C Max.Temp. -----
Radius 10.00 m Orientation None
Local Environment Global
Threshold TDU 290
Threshold Temperature 373.15
Results
Noise
Radiation 9.402 kW/m2 Temperature 82.2 C Average Noise 99.8 dB
Concentration 0.00000 mole/mole Local Wind Speed 10.000 m/s Noise 109.8 dB
Time to TDU Limit 14.6 s Time to Temp. Limit Limit Not Reached Noise A (*) 108.5 dB
Noise Spectrum Results
Frequency Noise Noise A (*)

31.3 Hz 73.1 dB 33.7 dB
62.5 Hz 81.3 dB 55.1 dB
125.0 Hz 89.5 dB 73.4 dB
250.0 Hz 98.0 dB 89.4 dB
500.0 Hz 106.5 dB 103.3 dB
1000.0 Hz 103.7 dB 103.7 dB
2000.0 Hz 100.9 dB 102.1 dB
4000.0 Hz 97.8 dB 98.8 dB
8000.0 Hz 93.7 dB 92.6 dB
16000.0 Hz 85.8 dB 79.2 dB
(*) Noise A = Noise weighted for human ear sensitivity
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Noise Chart
Time Dependent Curves
Time Temp. TDU Time Temp. TDU

s C (kW/m2)4/3.s s C (kW/m2)4/3.s
0.0 15.6 0.0 10.0 21.3 198.4
20.0 26.6 396.9 30.0 31.5 595.3
40.0 35.9 793.8 50.0 40.0 992.2
60.0 43.7 1190.6 70.0 47.1 1389.1
80.0 50.2 1587.5 90.0 53.0 1786.0
100.0 55.6 1984.4 110.0 58.0 2182.8
120.0 60.1 2381.3 130.0 62.1 2579.7
140.0 63.9 2778.2 150.0 65.5 2976.6
160.0 67.0 3175.0 170.0 68.3 3373.5
180.0 69.6 3571.9 190.0 70.7 3770.4
200.0 71.7 3968.8 210.0 72.7 4167.2
220.0 73.5 4365.7 230.0 74.3 4564.1
240.0 75.0 4762.6 250.0 75.7 4961.0
260.0 76.2 5159.4 270.0 76.8 5357.9
280.0 77.3 5556.3 290.0 77.7 5754.8
300.0 78.1 5953.2 310.0 78.5 6151.6
320.0 78.8 6350.1 330.0 79.1 6548.5
340.0 79.4 6747.0 350.0 79.7 6945.4
360.0 79.9 7143.8 370.0 80.1 7342.3
380.0 80.3 7540.7 390.0 80.5 7739.2
400.0 80.6 7937.6 410.0 80.8 8136.0
420.0 80.9 8334.5 430.0 81.0 8532.9
440.0 81.1 8731.4 450.0 81.2 8929.8
460.0 81.3 9128.2 470.0 81.4 9326.7
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Time Temp. TDU Time Temp. TDU

s C (kW/m2)4/3.s s C (kW/m2)4/3.s
480.0 81.5 9525.1 490.0 81.6 9723.6
500.0 81.6 9922.0 510.0 81.7 10120.4
520.0 81.7 10318.9 530.0 81.8 10517.3
540.0 81.8 10715.8 550.0 81.8 10914.2
560.0 81.9 11112.6 570.0 81.9 11311.1
580.0 81.9 11509.5 590.0 82.0 11708.0
600.0 82.0 11906.4 610.0 82.0 12104.8
620.0 82.0 12303.3 630.0 82.1 12501.7
640.0 82.1 12700.2 650.0 82.1 12898.6
660.0 82.1 13097.0 670.0 82.1 13295.5
680.0 82.1 13493.9 690.0 82.1 13692.4
700.0 82.1 13890.8 710.0 82.2 14089.2
720.0 82.2 14287.7 730.0 82.2 14486.1
740.0 82.2 14684.6 750.0 82.2 14883.0
760.0 82.2 15081.4 770.0 82.2 15279.9
780.0 82.2 15478.3 790.0 82.2 15676.8
800.0 82.2 15875.2 810.0 82.2 16073.6
820.0 82.2 16272.1 830.0 82.2 16470.5
840.0 82.2 16669.0 850.0 82.2 16867.4
860.0 82.2 17065.8 870.0 82.2 17264.3
880.0 82.2 17462.7 890.0 82.2 17661.2
900.0 82.2 17859.6
Temperature Chart
Page 11 of 22
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Job
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Problem
Time 2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM
TDU Chart
Receptor Grids
Receptor Grid: Grid 1 - Active
Input Data
Location Properties Noise
Orientation Northing-Easting Emissivity 0.700 Noise Basis Noise
Offset 0.00 m Point Absorbtivity 0.700
Axis 1 Northing Area Ratio 2.000
Axis 2 Easting Point Orientation None
Axis information
Northing Minimum -150.00 m Maximum 150.00 m Nbr. of Points 41
Easting Minimum -150.00 m Maximum 150.00 m Nbr. of Points 41
Results
Maximum Radiation
Sizing Limit ----- Find Max. Rad. True Initial Grid Points 11
Radiation 9.591 kW/m2 Northing -5.29 m Easting 0.00 m
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Job
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Problem
Time 2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM
Radiation chart
Temperature chart
Page 13 of 22
Page 14 of 22
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Job
Run by
Problem
Time 2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM
Noise chart
Page 15 of 22
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Job
Run by
Problem
Time 2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM
Concentration chart
Receptor Grid: Elevation - Active
Input Data
Location Properties Noise
Orientation Elevation-Northing Emissivity 0.700 Noise Basis Noise
Offset 0.00 m Point Absorbtivity 0.700
Axis 1 Elevation Area Ratio 2.000
Axis 2 Northing Point Orientation None
Axis information
Elevation Minimum 0.00 m Maximum 300.00 m Nbr. of Points 41
Northing Minimum -300.00 m Maximum 100.00 m Nbr. of Points 41
Results
Maximum Radiation
Sizing Limit ----- Find Max. Rad. True Initial Grid Points 11
Radiation 911150327.235 kW/m2 Elevation 31.79 m Northing -5.29 m
Page 16 of 22
2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 16

Job
Run by
Problem
Time 2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM
Radiation chart
Temperature chart
Page 17 of 22
Page 18 of 22
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Job
Run by
Problem
Time 2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM
Noise chart
Page 19 of 22
2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 18

Job
Run by
Problem
Time 2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM
Concentration chart
Gaussian Dispersion
Gaussian Dispersion: H2S Contour - Active
Input Data
Source FlaredFluid Type Contour
Plane height 0.00 m

Northing
Minimum -1000.00 m Maximum 0.00 m Nbr. of Points 51
Easting
Minimum -500.00 m Maximum 500.00 m Nbr. of Points 51
Pollutants
Hydrogen sulphide Active Methane Ignored Ethane Ignored
Page 20 of 22
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Job
Run by
Problem
Time 2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM
Pollutant concentration chart for
Gaussian Dispersion: Combustion Emissions - Active
Input Data
Source CombustionGas Type DownwindLine
Plane height 0 Line Origin Origin

Downwind
Minimum 100.00 m Maximum 10000.00 m Nbr. of Points 100
Page 21 of 22
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Job
Run by
Problem
Time 2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM
Pollutants
Hydrogen sulphide Ignored Methane Ignored Ethane Ignored
Carbon dioxide Ignored Water Ignored Sulphur dioxide Active
Nitrogen monoxide Active Carbon monoxide Active Methane Active
Downwind Line Pollutant Concentration Chart
Messages
Level Message
Info: Calculations started at 2/15/2024 12:33:20 AM
Info: Calculating base case
Info: Tip Tip 1 : Dispersion - The edge of the jet is interacting with the ground at 2059.0 m.
Info: Point RP_1 : Calculated
Info: Grid Grid 1 : Calculated
Info: Grid Elevation : Calculated
Info: Calculations completed at 12:33:23 AM
Page 22 of 22

Gas Dispersion Modeling For Flare Stacks Using Flaresim

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Gas Dispersion Modeling For Flare Stacks Using Flaresim

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Gas Dispersion Modeling for Flare Stacks

February, 15th 2024

Gas Dispersion Modeling for Flare Stacks Using Flaresim

A. Create Base Case

After that, enter the previously known process data :

B. Jet Dispersion Calculation

B. Jet Dispersion Calculation

C. Gaussian Dispersion (Contour Plot)

C. Gaussian Dispersion (Contour Plot)

After that, click the Calculation button.

Atmospheric Stability Class H2S Dispersion Results

Atmospheric Stability Class H2S Dispersion Results

Atmospheric Stability Class H2S Dispersion Results

D. Gaussian Dispersion (Line Plot)

D. Gaussian Dispersion (Line Plot)

E. Dispersion Analysis Comments

E. Dispersion Analysis Comments

2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 1

QUALITY ASSURANCE CONTROL SHEET

2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 2

Heat Transfer Coef. in W/m2/K Temperature Rise Calculations

2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 3

Wind Rose Calculations

Stack Configuration Data

Base point name Stack 1 (Base) Base refers to Origin

LHV 48333.02 kJ/kg Tc -69.6 C LEL 4.71 %

Composition in mole fraction

2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 4

Stoichiometric Flue Gas Composition

Flame and Radiation

2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 5

Tip: Tip 1 - Results

Velocities and Pressure Drop

Flame Shape Points

3D Flame Shape Chart

2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 6

2D Flame Shape Chart, Northing-Easting

2D Flame Shape Chart, Northing-Elevation

2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 7

2D Flame Shape Chart, Easting-Elevation

Noise Spectrum Results

Frequency Total PWL Combustion PWL Jet PWL

2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 8

Combustion Results General

Combustion Gas Mass Flow

Combustion Gas Mole Flow

Purge Gas Results

2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 9

Receptor Point: RP_1 - Active

Noise Spectrum Results

Frequency Noise Noise A (*)

(*) Noise A = Noise weighted for human ear sensitivity

2/15/2024 12:36:31 AM Flaresim 2023.2.116 Page 10

Time Dependent Curves

Time Temp. TDU Time Temp. TDU

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Time Temp. TDU Time Temp. TDU

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