OPNAVINST 5585.2C MWD Program
OPNAVINST 5585.2C MWD Program
OPNAVINST 5585.2C MWD Program
2C
7 Sep 2012
DEPARTMENT OF
THE NAVY
MILITARY WORKING
DOG PROGRAM
OPNAVINST 5585.2C
7 Sep 2012
RECORD OF CHANGES
IDENTIFICATION
OF CORRECTION
OR CHANGE
DATE OF CHANGE DATE OF ENTRY ENTERED BY
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
OPNAVINST 5585.2C
N4
7 Sep 2012
Ref: (a) DoD Directive 5200.31E of 10 August 2011(b) OPNAVINST 5530.14E(c) AFI 23-
126
3. Background. The MWDs’ unique capabilities are used by navalsecurity forces (NSF)
to defend bases and resources and toassist with enforcing military laws and
regulations. Reference
(a) establishes the U.S. Air Force as the Department of Defense(DoD) MWD executive
agent (MWDEA), provides policy, prescribesprocedures, and assigns responsibilities
within DoD. Reference
(b) provides Chief of Naval Operations policy concerning the useof drug detector
dog (DDD) teams and establishes installationand regional coordination
responsibilities.
4. Concept. Like other highly specialized pieces of equipment,
MWDs supplement and enhance the capabilities of militarysecurity forces. When
integrated into existing militarysecurity forces, MWD teams enable those forces to
perform theirmission more effectively and, in many cases, with significantsavings
in manpower, time and money.
a. The MWD program inventory consists of patrol dog,
patrol/explosive (P/E) dog, patrol/drug dog (P/D), DDD, andexplosive detector dog
(EDD) teams. Each team consists of one
certified MWD and one certified handler.
b. Patrol dog teams can be used not only for routine patrolduties, but also for
intruder detection, tracking, and listeningand observation posts. Patrol dogs can
be used in areas of amilitary installation, e.g., housing, industrial, and
flightline areas that don’t pose physical hazards to the MWD team.
c. P/E, EDD, P/D, and DDD teams have the capability ofdetecting explosives or drugs
that a human working alone wouldbe unable to locate.
5. Action. Addressees will comply with provisions of thisinstruction.
6. Records Management. Records created as a result of this
instruction, regardless of media or format, shall be managed perSecretary of the
Navy Manual 5210.1 of January 2012.
7. Forms and Reports. All U.S. Navy MWD personnel willestablish and use the U.S.
Navy’s Working Dog Management System(WDMS) to manage forms and reports for the full
lifecyclemanagement of the MWD, to include medical status, utilization,
training, operational assignment, and disposition of all MWDs.
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(2) OPNAV RCS 5585-6 MWD Validation After-Action Reportis located on page 9-3,
paragraph 9.
P. H. COLLUM
Vice Admiral, U.S. NavyDeputy Chief of Naval Operations(Fleet Readiness and
Logistics)
Distribution:
Electronic only, via Department of the Navy Issuances Web site
http://doni.daps.dla.mil
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OPNAVINST 5585.2C
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
i
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ii
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4. Navy Ammunition Logistics Code (NALC) MN76/MN77 CanineExplosive Scent Kits 5-1
iii
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1. Purpose 7-1
iv
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v
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1. Introduction 9-1
2. Policy 9-1
3. Objectives 9-1
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CHAPTER 1
MILITARY WORKING DOG (MWD) MANNING
1. MWD Program Manager. Responsible for the development anddissemination of all MWD
program policies; and shall determinethe manning, training, equipment and material
resourcing levelsfor all installations that require an MWD program. Responsiblefor
tasking specific fleet kennel masters for MWD teamdeployment assignments. The MWD
program manager reports to U.S.
Fleet Forces Command (USFLTFORCOM) operational chain of command;
must be a qualified master-at-arms (MA) E-8 or above, carry theNavy Enlisted
Classification (NEC) 2006 (kennel master) and havea minimum of 5 years kennel
master experience.
2. Fleet Kennel Master. There are three fleet kennel masters
(continental United States (CONUS), Pacific and Europe/SouthwestAsia/Africa). MWD
assets assigned to strategic weaponsfacilities are managed by Strategic Systems
Programs and not thefleet or regional kennel masters. Fleet kennel masters
provideprogram oversight of the MWD assets within their area ofresponsibility.
These duties include, but are not limited to,
ensuring subordinate activities comply with the requirements setforth in this
instruction; reporting the status of MWD assets,
manning, training, equipping and material resourcing levelsdirectly to the MWD
program manager; and, assignment of specialmission requests (e.g., U.S. Secret
Service (USSS), Olympics,
individual assignment (IA) taskings) to respective regions asrequested by the MWD
program manager. The fleet kennel master
must be a qualified kennel master E-7 or above (MA NEC: 2006)
with a minimum of 5 years kennel master experience.
3. Regional Kennel Master. Each Navy region has a designatedregional kennel master
who provides MWD program oversight of allMWD assets within his respective region
and reports to therespective fleet kennel master the status of assigned assets.
The region kennel masters’ oversight duties include, but are notlimited to,
management of MWD inventory within the region;
review of monthly and quarterly training and utilizationrecords; management of
special tasking assignments (e.g., USSS,
Olympics, and IAs); MWD program reviews of individual kennels;
and, decertification of dog teams. They provide technicalexpertise to the regional
security officer and installationcommanders. The regional kennel master must be a
qualifiedkennel master E-7 or above (MA NEC: 2006) (may be E-6 with
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a. Know the mission of the commands and advise the regionalcommanders on the best
use of MWD teams.
b. Know the threats to and vulnerabilities of resources
being protected by MWD teams and review regional procedures andinstructions.
c. Report the status of MWD assets, manning, training,
equipment, and material resourcing levels to the fleet kennelmaster and regional
security officer as required.
d. Conduct semi-annual program reviews at each kennelfacility under their
respective region, unless required morefrequently, to ensure compliance with this
instruction. A
formal report of all findings will be submitted to theinstallation commanding
officers (ICOs). This review ensures
administrative compliance with this instruction, proper use ofMWD teams, and use of
realistic training to enhance MWDproficiency levels.
e. Develop and maintain the short and long range missionreadiness requirements for
all MWD teams within the region, toinclude maintaining accurate records of team
deployments.
4. Regional MWD Trainer. Responsible for ensuring allsubordinate commands with MWD
assets are conducting realisticand effective training. The goal of all MWD training
is toproduce and sustain capable MWD teams to execute missions in alloperational
areas. The regional MWD trainer must be a qualifiedkennel master E-6 or above (MA
NEC: 2006) with a minimum of 3years kennel master experience. The regional MWD
trainer shallperform the following duties:
a. Conduct quarterly training reviews at each of the kennelfacilities in their
respective region to ensure proper andrealistic training is conducted to enhance
MWD proficiencylevels.
b. Support the regional kennel master’s semi-annual programreviews of installation
MWD programs.
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f. Submit NAVPERS 1306/7 Enlisted Personnel Action Requestto program manager via
chain of command.
g. Agree to perform duties in designated 2005 billet for aminimum of 48 consecutive
months immediately followinggraduation of MWD handler school.
8. Kennel Support Personnel. Personnel assigned to kennelsupport duties must be
interested and willing to work with dogs.
The kennel master or supervisor shall ensure support personnelare given OJT in the
following: care and feeding of MWDs;
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a. Complete kennel support PQS located in the PQS for NavySecurity Forces Law
Enforcement and Physical Security Operations(NAVEDTRA 43387).
b. Assist in the care and feeding of MWDs, and maintainkennel facilities and
equipment.
c. Assist in maintaining the proficiency of all assignedMWD teams.
9. Security Training Assistance and Assessment Team (STAAT)
a. STAAT is responsible for conducting assessments ofcommands having an established
MWD program. STAAT shall also
conduct assistance and training visits as requested. STAAT
personnel will report findings directly to the MWD programmanager. STAAT personnel
must be an E-7 or above (MA NEC:
2006) with a minimum of 5 years kennel master experience.
b. STAAT will conduct assessments every 2 years to ensureall MWD programs are in
compliance with this instruction. If a
kennel is rated unsatisfactory, STAAT will coordinate with thecommand to conduct a
reassessment every year until the kennel israted satisfactory. Commands that are
18-month tours or less
for unaccompanied personnel will receive an annual STAATinspection.
10. WDMS. Per reference (c), MWD units are required to use the
U.S. Navy WDMS program to document, maintain and report data forassigned MWDs.
11. MWD Manning Requirements. MWD staffing includes kennelmasters (MA NEC: 2006)
and handlers (MA NEC: 2005) in supportof P/E, P/D, and drug detector dogs small
breed (DDD SB). These
kennel master and handlers may be military or civilian. The MWD
staffing is as follows:
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a. Each region will be assigned a kennel master and MWDtrainers as appropriate for
the number of teams assigned withinthe region. Figure 1-1 outlines the regional
kennel master andtrainer manning standards:
Figure 1-1 Regional Kennel Master and Trainer Standards
Size of
installation’s
population
P/D TeamsAssigned
0-500 0
501-20,000 1
20,001–50,000 2
50,000 or more 3
Installation
characteristic
P/E TeamsAssigned
Note
ROC 1 Enclave 4 teams minimum Manning will beevaluated and
staffed based on
mission
requirementsROC 2/3Vehicle
InspectionLane
1 team per 8hour shift when
the inspectionlane is openROC 2/3 Piers 1 team per 4piers used tomoor priorityA, B,
or C
assets;
1 team for
weapons loadingpier.
Reference (b)
ROC 2/3Hangers
1 team per 10hangers used tohouse tactical
aircraft
ROC 2/3 FlightLine
1 team perflight linewith tactical
aircraft
assigned
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Installation
Characteristic
DDD Teams Assigned
ROC 2 1 DDD SB when submarines are
permanently assigned
CHAPTER 2
KENNEL FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
(2) Water Supply. Large quantities of hot and potablecold water are required for
MWD and handler sustainment, hygieneand cleaning.
(3) Fencing. Perimeter fencing is required to be atleast 8 feet high, topped with a
minimum single 7 to 9 gaugestrand of barbed wire vice a top guard, with no
groundclearance.
(4) Signs. The signs shall be constructed of sheetmetal, measure 30 inches by 40
inches and wording must bevisible for at least 50 meters. The backgrounds will be
white:
the words “Off Limits” and “Danger” will be in red letters; andthe wording
“Military Police Dog” will be in blue striping. In
foreign countries, signs will be lettered in the language of thehost country, as
well as English. Signs will be posted on allsides of the kennel and training areas.
(5) Waste Disposal. Facility engineers must becontacted with regard to waste
disposal. Alternate waste
disposal systems must be developed in cases where facility ormunicipal waste
disposal systems are not capable of acceptinganimal waste or are non-existent.
(6) Kennel Flooring. To facilitate cleaning andminimize the potential spread of
disease, kennel surfaces shallbe sloped to drainage and be impervious to wet
conditions.
(7) Individual Dog runs. The inside run area shall be 5
by 5 feet. The outside run area shall be 5 by 6 feet. Adjacentdog runs shall be
separated by concrete masonry unit partitionsto a height of 4 feet to prevent
injury to the MWDs.
(8) Support Space. An area must be provided toaccommodate a food preparation and
work and treatment area.
This must include a deep sink for food preparation and sanitaryfunctions.
(9) Drains. All drain lines in the kennel should be a
minimum of 6 inches in diameter and should be designed tosustain flow velocities
that will maintain self cleansingaction. Floor drains should be included in the
central corridor
and on the inside and outside of each kennel run to aid cleaningof kennels.
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f. All sides of the kennels and training areas will beposted with appropriate signs
as noted in paragraph 2a(4) above.
g. Perimeter fencing will be installed per the UnifiedFacilities Criteria.
5. Minimum Requirements for Unattended Kennels
a. MWD handlers and kennel support must be on call at alltimes.
b. The kennel facility and all occupied kennel runs must besecured. Access must be
readily available for the on-callhandler and kennel support personnel and the
securitysupervisor, if assigned.
c. The kennel facility and each MWD must be checked bysecurity personnel at least
every 4 hours unless required moreoften due to emergency conditions (i.e., sick or
injured MWD).
Kennel checks must be recorded in a logbook maintained at thekennel and annotated
in the communications log at securitydispatch.
6. SOPs. Written SOPs shall be approved by the securityofficer and address
implementation of key elements from thisinstruction to ensure safe and efficient
MWD operations.
Additionally, the SOP must cover off-duty conduct of MWDpersonnel, including
temporary additional duty assignments. The
SOP will mandate a policy of no alcohol consumption while in thecaretaker status of
an MWD.
7. Kennel Safety. Safety of MWDs, handlers, and visitors tokennels is paramount.
Specific safety measures include, but arenot limited to:
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a. Running and other quick movements should be avoided inand around the kennel
area. Such actions will startle the MWDs,
and could create harmful situations to animals and personnel inthe area.
b. Maintain positive control of MWDs when moving from oneplace to another within
the fenced kennel area.
c. Ensure all gates and doors to the runs are secured whenMWDs are inside.
d. Use extreme care while cleaning, feeding, and wateringdogs with which one is not
familiar.
e. In the event that a loose dog appears in the area, thefirst person to notice the
animal must give the alarm, "loosedog," and everyone in the area, except the loose
dog's handler,
must immediately apply a muzzle on their dogs, then kneel andhold the dog close to
their chest with the dog’s head beneaththeir arms. The responsible handler will
then retrieve theloose dog and secure it.
f. Allow a safe distance of at least 15 feet between MWDs
and any other dogs and persons in the area. When it becomes
necessary to approach other dog teams, MWDs must be held onshort leashes. This
ensures that MWD teams do not come into
contact with one another. Kennel areas are planned for a one-
way traffic system so that no two dogs are brought face-to-face.
This system shall be observed at all times.
g. Handlers with MWDs on leash must give an audible warningupon entering and
leaving the kennel area and at any time thereis an obstructed view. They must call
out, "dog comingthrough," "in," "around," or "by" as appropriate.
h. Handlers will not hit, kick or strike an MWD with anyobject with the intent to
harm. Use of shock collars,
relaxation collars, or pinch collars is forbidden unlessdirectly authorized in
writing by the program manager.
i. While moving to and from designated training areas, andduring break and grooming
periods, handlers must always keep
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j. Handlers will only use a kennel chain, leather collarand choke chain to stake
out MWDs. Leashes will never be used
to stake out or tie an MWD to an object. Additionally, neverstake out or tie an MWD
to a vehicle - the MWD could be injuredif the vehicle is moved.
k. MWDs will never be left unobserved while staked out.
l. Many MWDs are territorial and have the natural desire tofight other dogs when
they are brought together. It is
important to follow safe procedures when breaking up a dogfight.
Breaking up a dogfight is a two-man project; no one shouldattempt to accomplish it
alone. Fighting MWDs should never bepulled apart. Pulling them apart may cause
ripping and tearingof the flesh and may disable the dogs. In breaking up adogfight
handlers shall:
(1) Keep their leashes taut and gradually work theirhands toward the snap end of
the leash.
(2) Holding just above the snap end of the leash, slipthe other hand underneath the
MWD’s collar.
(3) Grasp the collar tightly.
(4) Grab the throat of the MWD with the other hand at a
point just below the MWD’s lower jaw.
(5) Choke the MWD until the air supply is cut off thusforcing the MWD to release
its hold.
m. If a handler is bitten by an MWD, use the same procedureto effect a release as
used to separate two fighting MWDs.
Never attempt to jerk away from the MWD because this action maycause a serious
wound.
n. Handlers can avoid being bitten by their own dogs. If
the MWD attempts to bite, grab the leash close to the dog'sneck, hold the animal's
front feet off the ground, extend thearms to push the MWD away, and at the same
time, slowly turn in
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a circle to keep the MWD off balance. This procedure keeps thedog from seriously
harming its handler and is a means for thehandler to rebuke the MWD for attempting
to attack.
o. MWDs will not be left unattended except when they arehoused in their kennels, at
the discretion of the kennel masteror installation SOP, or in emergency situations.
During anemergency, the following rules will be observed:
(1) Use the leather collar, choke chain, and a kennelchain to stake out an MWD. Do
not use a leash.
(2) Do not stake out an MWD where it could injure itselfor others.
(3) Never stake out or tie an MWD to a vehicle.
(4) An MWD may be staked out to a non-movable objectsuch as a large tree or fence
as long as it is out of the way ofpedestrian and vehicular traffic.
(5) Ensure the MWD has shade during hot weather.
(6) Check the MWD often to make sure that it is not in
distress.
p. Procedures for an MWD bite report. Anytime an MWD bitesanyone, regardless of the
severity of the bite, an e-maildetailing the incident must be forwarded via the
regional andfleet chain-of-command to the MWD program manager within 24hours of the
incident. The e-mail shall contain a full synopsisof the bite to include any amount
of work time loss by thehandler and or quarantine time incurred by the MWD, to
includephotos of the bite. The report will delineate any correctiveactions
associated with the incident to ensure it doesn’t occur
again.
8. MWD Equipment. Each piece of equipment has a specificpurpose and is required for
the effective training andutilization of an MWD. The handler must be familiar with
all of
these items and know how to properly use them. Additionally,
MWDs must be acclimated with all equipment used. Minimal
equipment requirements are located in appendix B. Additional
equipment necessary to effectively train or use the MWDs in
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9. Privately Owned Pets. Privately owned pets or base mascotsare not allowed within
the confines of the MWD facility. OnlyMWDs procured, trained, or accepted by DoD as
MWDs will behoused at military kennel facilities. MWD handlers on temporaryduty who
wish to kennel an MWD overnight must make properarrangements with the host kennel
before travel occurs.
10. Stray Animal Facilities. Stray animal facilities shall notbe located within 100
yards of MWD kennels nor will strayanimals be transported in MWD vehicles. Handlers
or kennel
support personnel will not be used to support functions of strayanimal facilities.
11. MWD Vehicles
a. An appropriate number of properly equipped securityforce vehicles (recommend one
vehicle for every two MWDs), shallbe available for use by the MWD personnel. MWD
vehicles shall
be configured to allow the handler to immediately access theMWD, preferably a sport
utility or large sedan. Vans and pickup
trucks are not recommended for transportation of MWDs butcould be used as support
vehicles for transporting multiple MWDsfor logistical purposes, e.g., emergency
evacuation or missionstaging. If possible, the MWD vehicle should include inserts
orremote bailout systems which provide maximum safety andeffectiveness for MWD
teams. Ensure MWDs exit the patrolvehicle on the non-traffic side of the vehicle.
b. MWDs shall not be transported in privately ownedvehicles or on the front
passenger seat of any vehicle.
c. MWD vehicles shall be clearly marked on both sides. In
foreign countries, the signs shall be lettered in the languageof the host country
as well as in English. The wording “CAUTIONMILITARY WORKING DOG” must be stenciled
on both sides of the
vehicle in 3-inch letters.
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CHAPTER 3
VETERINARY CARE, FEEDING, DISPOSITION, AND TRANSPORTATION
1. Veterinary Services. Per reference (a), the U.S. Army isresponsible for MWD
veterinary services. The area U.S. Armyveterinarian will designate in writing a
local civilianveterinarian to be used in emergency situations.
2. MWD Readiness. MWD health and readiness will be closelymonitored and categorized
to determine availability for requiredmissions. This process is a kennel master and
veterinariancoordinated effort to continuously assess and evaluate assignedassets.
Veterinarians will forward MWD readiness reports to thesecurity officer for review
and acknowledgement with a copy kepton file in the kennels for 2 years. Readiness
determines the
MWD’s deployment category. Deployment categories are defined inreference (c).
3. First Aid for MWDs. First aid kits shall be kept in thekennel facility and in
all MWD vehicles.
4. Medication. Handlers will administer prescribedmedication(s) to MWDs per
veterinarian direction.
5. Food, Weight, and Stool Charts. OPNAV 5585/8 MilitaryWorking Dog Food, Weight,
and Stool Chart will be maintained oneach MWD. The amount of food and condition of
the stool will be
recorded daily. The MWD’s weight will be recorded once a week(not to exceed 7
calendar days).
6. MWD Working Weight. Veterinarians will assign an idealworking weight for each
MWD, and the handler is responsible forensuring the MWD maintains this weight. MWDs
will be weighedweekly with adjustments to physical conditioning and or foodrations
being made as necessary to maintain the ideal workingweight. Food reward MWDs will
be weighed twice a week withresults being reported to the veterinarian monthly.
7. Feeding Requirements. The U.S. Army Veterinary Service willprovide a standard
diet and associated dog food for all MWDs.
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a. The receiving activity shall fund the cost oftransportation as well as any
temporary assigned duty expensesfor the escorting handlers.
b. Commands transferring excess MWDs to Lackland AFB shallfund and coordinate
transportation of the asset.
c. MWDs shipped to outside the continental United States(OCONUS) are moved by
military or commercial aircraft. A
handler must accompany the transportation. MWD movements within
CONUS are generally made by commercial air transportation undera government bill of
lading, and do not require handler escorts.
d. All MWDs are restricted from shipment as freight viacommercial airline when the
temperature is 45 degrees Fahrenheitor less in the winter and 85 degrees Fahrenheit
or higher in thesummer. Most airlines will allow shipment of MWDs as excessbaggage
during temperature restrictions when escorted by ahandler. Prior to travel verify
specific rules and regulationswith airline.
e. MWD shipping crates will be marked in bold letters“Caution-Navy Police Dog.”
10. Shipping Crates. All 341 TRS shipping crates, food pansand water pans must be
returned to the 341 TRS within 10 workingdays after receipt of the MWD. Return
empty crates by means ofsurface transportation or military air only. The
gainingcommand is responsible for shipping costs per reference (c).
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CHAPTER 4
DRUG TRAINING AID ACCOUNTABILITY GUIDE
a. Any lost, stolen, or misplaced DEA Form 222s, shall bereported to the DEA via
NCIS, information copies to AFMES.
Voided and completed training aid order forms shall be retainedfor 2 years.
b. The primary custodian shall maintain a daily trainingaid log and the DEA Form
222 accountability log. The
accountability log shall be kept in a bound logbook, such as,
NSN 7530-00-286-8363, or equivalent.
c. The daily training aid log will be prepared as follows:
(1) The left hand side of the logbook will contain thefollowing columns from left
to right:
(a) Date
(b) Time
(c) Type of aid (i.e., marijuana, heroin, cocaine,
hashish, methamphetamine, and MDMA)
(d) Serial number
(e) Quantity
(f) Actual weight out (all drug training aids willbe weighed with a calibrated
scale upon issue for training)
(g) Signature of custodian
(h) Printed name of recipient
(i) Signature of recipient
(2) The right hand side of the logbook will contain thefollowing columns from left
to right:
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(a) Date
(b) Time
(c) Type of aid
(d) Serial number
(e) Quantity
(f) Actual weight in (all drug training aids will beweighed with a calibrated scale
upon return)
(g) Signature of recipient
(h) Printed name of custodian
(i) Signature of custodian
(j) Remarks
d. The DEA Form 222 accountability log will be prepared asfollows:
(1) Order number
(2) Date received
(3) Date used
(4) Remarks
e. Custodians will ensure that all training aids arereturned to the central storage
site. When operations dictateand training aids are required to maintain
proficiency, thesecurity officer may authorize storage away from the centralsite.
f. Training aid integrity must be maintained at all times.
Under no circumstances shall training aids (metal container orcloth bag) be opened.
Extreme care must be used to preventcross substance or foreign matter
contamination. Disposablenon-powder latex or plastic food service handler’s gloves
shallbe used when handling training aids. To prevent any cross
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b. AFMES will send the command a copy of the fullycompleted MWD Form 03 Recalled
Training Aid Examination/
Disposition Analysis which must be filed in the drug trainingaid accountability
folder.
c. AFMES is solely responsible for the destruction of alldrug training aids.
Commands are not authorized to destroy anydrug training aids. AFMES is required to
account to the DEA forall quantities of controlled substances used in the training.
11. Change of Personnel. An inventory of all training aids andDEA Form 222s will be
completed before the primary custodianleaves the command. Copies of the inventory
will be sent toAFMES for verification and accountability.
a. A transferring DEA registrant will prepare an MWD Form07 Power of Attorney for
use until a new DEA Form 223 isreceived. It is not necessary to apply for a new
registrationcertificate. Newly appointed DEA registrants will sign DEA Form225A
upon receipt.
b. OCONUS commands that change custodians shall complete anMWD Form 09 Transfer of
Training Aid Custodian. The originalwill be filed in the drug training aid
accountability folder anda copy will be forwarded to AFMES.
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CHAPTER 5
EXPLOSIVE TRAINING AID ACCOUNTABILITY, HANDLING, STORAGE,
SAFETY, SECURITY, AND TRANSPORTATION
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a. The MN76 canine explosive scent kit contains thefollowing explosive training
aids:
Explosive
b. The MN77 canine explosive scent kit contains thefollowing explosive training
aids:
ExplosiveComponent DODIC/NALC NSN Amount
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a. Smokeless Powder
(1) Smokeless powder is the standard propelling powderfor small arms, cannons, and
in a slightly different form, somerockets. Single base smokeless powder in the
scent kit, is madepredominantly from gun cotton (nitrocellulose) with additives
toimprove performance and stability. It is produced in the formof black, small
diameter cylinders and rods. Generally, thesmaller the size of the smokeless powder
grains the faster theburn rate. Larger grains will normally appear to be brown
toreddish in color.
(2) Unconfined, smokeless powder burn rates. The rate
of burning increases with both temperature and pressure. For
this reason, it is frequently used in fabricating pipe bombs.
Detection is dependent on the degree to which the material issealed and the age of
the material. Smokeless powder must bestored away from heat sources or direct
sunlight as this couldaccelerate its decomposition. The storage container is
providedwith adequate venting to allow for the release of gases as itages. The
stabilizer content of the smokeless powder is checkedannually throughout its
service life to ensure its continuedsafety for use. Consult the MSDS for more
information on human
health effects and related safety information.
b. Time Fuse. Time fuse is a green fiber cord with yellowmarkings, wrapped in a
waterproof covering. It contains black
powder, a mixture of 74 percent potassium nitrate, 16 percentcharcoal, and 10
percent sulfur. Time fuse (black powder) isvery sensitive to electro-static
discharge and can be ignited byan ordinary match. Black powder is frequently used
infabricating pipe bombs since it will explode under the slightestconfinement.
Special care shall be taken to ensure time fusedoes not come in contact with water
or moisture since this mayaffect its sensitivity. Ensure that the taped ends of
eachstrand remain intact, and replaced immediately if accidentallyremoved.
c. Composition C-4 Plastic Explosive (C-4). C-4 is a
composite explosive containing 91 percent research development
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OPNAVINST 5585.2C
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not be cut into smaller sections. Check the MSDS for additional
information regarding personnel health effects of thisexplosive.
explosive background). The disinterested party must be an E-7or GS-9 or above. The
same disinterested party cannot be usedto conduct consecutive inventories.
CHAPTER 6
MILITARY WORKING DOG CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
a. DD 1834.
b. Lackland AFB Form 375a Detector Dog Certification.
c. OPNAV 5585/4 Military Working Dog (MWD) Status Report
completed by kennel master for each team on a monthly basis, andby the STAAT during
the bi-annual assessment.
d. MWD and Handler Resume. The resume (figure 6-2) shallinclude a brief summary of
the handler’s training (coursesattended, graduation dates, substances for which the
team istrained to detect, and type of response and reward). The resume
shall be signed by the kennel master or supervisor.
e. Command Validity Certification and Demonstration Record.
A certification letter that shows the search granting authority(or designee by the
installation CO) witnessed a detectiondemonstration, including the date, the
substances used, andresults of the team's effort. The demonstration should include
each substance the dog is trained to detect and a residual odortest (DDDs only).
The respective OPNAV 5585/6 will be attachedto the certification letter.
f. Probable Cause Record Review. A record review (figure6-1) showing when the
search granting authority, not a designee,
reviewed these records. The search granting authority willreview detector dog
folders once a year, immediately followingcertification or re-certification of the
detector dog team.
Additionally, the probable cause record review will be signed bythe search granting
authority, at least once a year, for eachtenant command which the detector dog team
will be providingservices.
g. OPNAV 5585/3 Detector Dog Training and UtilizationRecord (last 12 months).
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(4) During trial and training, training aids will not beremoved and placed within
the same training problem (also knownas leap frogging or aid shuffling).
3. Certification and Decertification Requirements: After the
initial command certification, recertification requirements areas follows:
a. Certified detector dogs that fail to maintain 90 percentor 95 percent
proficiency, respectively, for a calendar month,
shall be considered decertified.
b. Certified detector dogs that fail to conduct proficiencytrials on all of the
certified training aids in excess of 30consecutive days shall be decertified by the
command on thespecific odor(s) missed. Decertification details shall be
documented and forwarded to the MWD program manager via thechain of command. The
MWD program manager will recommend to theCO, via the fleet and regional kennel
masters, a course ofaction to recertify the MWD.
c. Recertification on all odors is required each year (notto exceed 365 calendar
days from date of previous commandcertification).
d. In the event a certified MWD was unable to conduct
proficiency trials or training in excess of 30 consecutive daysdue to a deployment
or supporting USSS or Department of State(DoS) tasking, the MWD program manager may
approve the MWD toonly be required to conduct a full command recertification bythe
installation search granting authority.
e. To prevent a requirement for recertification following ahandler's extended
absence, the kennel master or supervisor, orother qualified detector dog handler
shall conduct training withthe respective MWD at least once a week, using all
requiredodors.
f. The kennel master or supervisor shall evaluate MWDs inobedience tasks and the
confidence course as part of thecertification process.
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Figure 6-2
Subj: RESUME OF TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE FOR MWD AND HANDLER
Handler: MA3 Jon L. Dawg, USN, xxx-xx-6789
Graduation Date: MWD Dog Handler Course – 29 Nov 10
29Jan 2011.
NOTE: TNT 2 lbs. and 5
MWD Historv/Traininq: MWD Lucy was received at Lackland AFB on02 February 2010 and
was enrolled in the Patrol/ExplosiveDetection program. Lucy demonstrated no major
deficienciesduring training. She was certified for detection on Smokeless
Powder, Time Fuse, C-4, TNT, Det cord, Nitro-Dynamite, SodiumChlorate, and
Potassium Chlorate. On 29 February 2011, she wascertified by STAAT for detection of
Emulsion Blasting Agent,
Anfo, and Semtex. Lucy is a deferred response (passive sit ordown) response for a
ball reward. She was received onboard
Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego, in August 2010.
December 2010, after completion of the MWD handler course atLackland AFB, TX. Upon
arrival at this command, he was assignedto handle MWD Lucy, B007, and completed
command certification on
Seizures since command certification:
lbs of Smokeless Powder.
JOHN N. SMITH
MAC USN
Kennel Master
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Figure 6-3
From: Commanding Officer, Naval Air Station, North IslandTo: Security Officer,
Naval Air Station, North Island
Subj: DETECTOR DOG DEMONSTRATION FOR MA2 MADY E. KATZ, USN, ANDMWD LUCY, TATTOO
Y001
in the lounge area. This aid was left in position forapproximately 10 minutes and
then removed.
3. All training aids were placed by the Kennel Master, MACMartin, approximately 30
minutes prior to the initiation of thisdemonstration.
B. R. WROOLIE
*Note: If the Security Officer is observing the demonstrationthen the title block
will be as follows:
From: Security Officer, Naval Air Station, North IslandTo: Commanding Officer,
Naval Air Station, North Island
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CHAPTER 7
DRUG AND EXPLOSIVE DETECTOR DOG TRAINING AND USE
a. Certified EDDs are required to perform three proficiencytrials per odor per
month. Trials are to be conducted only bythe assigned team’s certified handler.
b. Certified detector dogs are required to perform fiveproficiency trials per odor
per month. Trials are to be
conducted only by the assigned team’s certified handler.
c. Any certified team exceeding 30 consecutive days withoutconducting a trial on
every odor is decertified and requires afull command recertification except in
situations listed inchapter 6, paragraph 3d.
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6. Use of Detector Dog Teams. Detector dog use will becoordinated with each
command, within the constraints ofmilitary and Federal law. Kennel masters will
consult local
staff judge advocates on issues pertaining to search and seizurepolicy.
a. For safety purposes, MWD teams will not be used toconduct searches of
individuals.
b. The date, time, and location of the search andinspection will not be published
to the public. Scheduled
inspections will be scheduled by the kennel master or supervisorand forwarded up a
limited chain of command for CO signature.
Copies of the approved schedules will be kept to the minimumnumber of personnel
possible: preferably the CO, executiveoffice and security officer. Handlers will be
instructed to
maintain strict custody of the schedules. At no time will the
schedule be posted within view of unauthorized persons.
c. Outside command search and inspection, requests will beforwarded from the
requesting commander to the security officerresponsible for MWD services. Requests
shall be in the form ofan official letter or e-mail. The kennel master or
supervisorwill schedule the search or inspection based on availability ofteams.
7. Services Not Provided By Detector Dog Teams. Detector dogteams will not provide
the following services:
a. Laboratory testing for suspected contraband.
b. Legal advice, other than to testify to the dog’sabilities.
c. Emergency ordnance disposal.
8. Search and Inspection Process. The senior personresponsible for the space to be
searched will assist the MWDteam in executing the following:
a. Clear the area of all non-essential personnel. No one
will be allowed to remove suitcases, sea bags, parcels or otheritems. Personnel who
must dress to leave the area will be
observed to prevent the removal of small parcels and contraband.
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b. If possible, secure all vents, fans, windows and airconditioning units (except
in cases of explosive detectionsearches) prior to the arrival of the MWD team.
c. Except in cases of explosive detection searches, clearthe area of all toxic and
volatile substances; paints; metal andwood shavings; broken glass; oil and grease
spills; powderedsubstances; unsecured foods; and other items which mightdistract or
be harmful to the MWD team. The MWD handler mayrefuse to search any space not
considered safe.
d. Prohibit photography during searches and inspections.
9. On-Base Searches and Inspections. Searches are conducted
under the purview and direction of the search grantingauthority. The command
authorization rule applies to allsearches and inspections. It is permissible for a
singleauthorization to permit several operations; however, use of adetector team
must be command authorized in cases where the
Fourth Amendment becomes a factor. Common areas, such asvehicles in parking lots,
are subject to inspection by detectordog teams at any time as they are considered
exteriorinspections.
a. The search granting authority shall review and sign theprobable cause folder
prior to authorizing any searches orinspections.
b. All actions in support of the search or inspection,
(coordination, personnel assignment, duration, etc.), shall bethe responsibility of
the search granting authority or thesecurity officer, if so directed.
c. The kennel master or supervisor shall cancel orreschedule a search or inspection
due to the non-availability ofteams, higher priority commitments, or MWD team
health issues,
as approved by the security officer. The requesting commandwill be notified as far
in advance as possible.
d. When the kennel master or supervisor terminates a searchor inspection for
reasons of misconduct, hazardous situations,
or noncompliance with requirements of this instruction, a letter
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(6) During mission in-briefs the handler shall provide asafety brief to mission
team members about what actions shouldbe taken in the event of an emergency
involving either thehandler or MWD.
c. Restrictions on use of MWD teams in support of Federal,
State, and local LEAs.
(1) The handler must have unencumbered control over the
detection support effort, and complete access to the area to besearched.
(2) The handler performs the sole task of working theirassigned dog and shall not
take part in any other activitiesunless directed or authorized specifically by
competent militaryauthority.
(3) All handlers shall not handle or take custody of anyexplosive device or
contraband they discover. When any MWDresponds, EOD personnel or the agency point
of contact shallprovide further instructions as to the handler’s actions.
(4) A representative of the requesting agency must bepresent at all times when
working a detector dog.
(5) Detector dogs shall not be used to conduct searchesof individuals or conduct
crowd control operations.
(6) MWD handlers shall not take part in any activitythat conflicts with reference
(h).
(7) MWD teams shall not be used to help in theapprehension or arrest of persons,
although the handler maytestify in follow on court proceedings.
(8) During mission support, no one is authorized totouch or pet the MWD unless they
are a qualified MWD handlerexcept in emergency situations.
d. Local law enforcement support may be authorized by theCO, provided the support
is consistent with the installation’smission requirements and no substantial
expense is incurred bythe command.
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CHAPTER 8
MILITARY WORKING DOG PATROL BASIC SKILLS AND PATROL
CERTIFICATION, TRAINING, AND USE
(7) Small arms fire. (Due to MWDs supporting worldwidedeployments, all MWDs shall
be tolerant of gunfire, although notconsidered a critical task for straight
detector dog.)
(8) Obedience command of "STAY."
b. Semi-critical Tasks. Overall operational effectivenessis not substantially
degraded by the failure to perform a semi-
critical task, but corrective training must be applied toeliminate the deficiency.
The following tasks are semi-
critical:
(1) Vehicle patrol.
(2) Obedience commands of "SIT”, "DOWN", and "HEEL.”
c. Non-critical Tasks. Overall operational effectivenessis not degraded by failure
to perform a non-critical task, butcorrective training must be applied to eliminate
the deficiency.
The following tasks are non-critical:
(1) Obedience course.
(2) Tracking.
3. Proficiency Trials. A proficiency trial is an evaluation ofthe dog's ability to
perform tasks at a required level ofproficiency. The kennel master or supervisor
shall conduct aproficiency trial for each task at least monthly. All
proficiency trials shall be documented on OPNAV 5585/4. If the
patrol certified dog is unable to satisfactorily perform allrequired critical tasks
by the end of the month, the patrol dogteam is considered unreliable and shall be
decertified. Once
deficiencies have been corrected, the patrol dog team isrequired to recertify with
the security officer. If the team
fails to recertify after 90 days of extensive training, thekennel master or
supervisor should submit supportingdocumentation requesting a stock number change
removing thepatrol qualification to the 341st TRS, Lackland AFB, via the MWD
program manager.
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Publicizing the MWD program through local news media, andconducting special
demonstrations for civilian and militaryclubs and organizations, enhances community
relations and deterspotential violators. Of special note, though,
demonstrationsusing high explosives are not authorized.
c. Handlers should keep MWDs on a leash except whennecessary to employ the dog.
Before entering a building, thehandler must give a verbal warning to inform anyone
in thebuilding that an MWD is about to enter.
d. Handlers will never give up control of an MWD to anyoneother than trained MWD
handlers, kennel support, or veterinarypersonnel.
e. When handlers challenge an unknown person, approach asuspect, check a person’s
identification, or are involved in anysituation that requires them to divert
attention from the MWD,
they must always inform the person or persons that the MWD istrained to attack.
f. Never assume that a person knows the potential dangersof an MWD.
10. Use of Force. MWDs trained to attack, i.e., patrol, P/Dand P/E detector dogs,
must be considered a weapon, and many ofthe restrictions that apply to the use of
firearms also apply tothe release of an MWD against a suspect. Releasing the MWD,
orallowing it to bite, is not considered using deadly force, butthe handler must
not release an MWD, or allow it to bite, untilall other, less forceful means have
failed. Note: MWDs are a
force escalation capability in which the employment can causeinjury or death.
Methods of force, listed from the least severeto the most severe, are as follows:
a. Professional presence, verbalization, restraining, anddetaining:
(1) Includes display of authority as an NSF and suchnonverbal means of
communication as body language, demeanor, andmanner of approaching.
(2) Verbalization involves the direction and commands
given to the subject.
(3) Restraining and detaining include an officer layinghands on a subject with the
intention of gaining control of thesubject. Also included in this level would be
the applicationof temporary restraining devices such as handcuffs and
legrestraints.
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a. While patrolling, the handler may allow the dog to beoff-leash in the rear of
the vehicle. To prevent eye injuryfrom insects or other foreign matter, however,
the MWD must notbe allowed to place its head out of the window.
b. Mobile patrols are most effective when the team uses theride-awhile-walk-awhile
method. The patrol is able to cover alarger patrol area and the dismounts keep the
team alert.
14. Building Checks and Searches. An MWD team is especiallyeffective in checking
and searching buildings such ascommissaries, base exchanges, finance offices,
banks, andwarehouses. The team can physically check doors and windowswith the dog
on leash. For the MWD to use its scenting ability,
the handler should always approach buildings from the downwindside. When conducting
a search of a building with a possibleintruder or suspect, give a verbal warning
for the individual tocome out prior to conducting the search. The MWD can be used
off leash while conducting the building search, if authorized bythe security
officer, and if it is proficient at that skill, butshould be used on leash during
all routine building searches.
15. Vehicle Parking Lots. The MWD’s presence in parking lotpatrols may deter
potential acts of theft and vandalism, and iseffective in detecting any
unauthorized personnel.
a. Greater effectiveness is achieved by alternating footpatrols and vehicle
patrols, using an unpredictable pattern.
b. During darkness, when there is no activity, the teamshould approach from the
downwind side. If the MWD indicates
the presence of someone, and the team locates the individual(s),
the handler should challenge the individual for identificationand possible
apprehension.
c. Should the handler suspect a crime has been committed,
and the suspect attempts to escape or evade apprehension, thehandler may release
the MWD (after a verbal warning is given) topursue, attack, and hold the suspect.
If it is unsafe to
release the MWD, the handler may follow the individual by usingthe MWD to scout or
track (if certified).
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16. Bachelor Enlisted Quarters (BEQ) and Bachelor OfficerQuarters (BOQ). Patrol
MWDs in BEQ and BOQ areas tend todecrease unlawful acts. Greater effectiveness is
obtained when
the MWD team alternates between mobile and foot patrols. MWD
patrols should be used both day and night creating an effectivepsychological
deterrent. Contact with area residents also helpsto reinforce the MWD’s tolerance
of people. The handler is
responsible for determining how much socialization the MWDneeds.
17. Alarm Responses. In responding to the activation of analarm system, the MWD
team should be one of the first on thescene. The MWD may be used to search and
clear the building orarea and assist in any apprehensions. A verbal warning
isrequired prior to entering the building. The MWD can be used
off leash while conducting the building search, if commandauthorized, and if the
team has the requisite skills.
18. Funds Escorts. During funds escorts, a patrol MWD providesboth a psychological
deterrent against potential robbery andadditional protection against an actual
attempt.
a. While escorting funds custodians to and from thevehicle, the MWD team should be
slightly to the rear of thecustodian to observe any possible hostile acts. If a
robbery isattempted, a verbal warning shall be given and the suspect shallbe
approached with the MWD on-leash.
b. Funds custodians are not authorized to ride in an MWD
security vehicle. The security escort vehicle shall followbehind the funds
custodian’s vehicle during the funds escorts.
19. Moving Traffic Violations and Investigations
a. When a traffic stop is made, the MWD may accompany thehandler on-leash without
interfering with the issuance of atraffic citation. The presence of the MWD will
cause mostoffenders to cooperate.
b. MWD teams shall not be used for routine traffic
directing duties or accident investigation duties.
c. When a handler must leave an MWD unattended in a vehicle
(per approval of kennel master or SOP), all windows in the
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vehicle must be rolled up far enough to prevent the MWD fromescaping or injuring
itself, but efforts must be taken toprevent heat stress injuries.
CHAPTER 9
VALIDATIONS AND ASSIST VISITS
8. Written Reports. Written evaluation reports will beprepared and submitted to the
command evaluated and its chain ofcommand. Observations and recommendations will be
confined to
important matters and presented in a concise manner. Written
reports will be forwarded within 30 days after conclusion of thevisit.
9. MWD Validation After-Action Report. (Report Control SymbolOPNAV 5585-6). No
evaluation program is complete without properfollow up to ensure that appropriate
action is taken onrecommendations resulting from evaluations. COs shall submit
after-action reports indicating the steps taken to correct alldeficiencies and
satisfy all recommendations listed in thereport. Reports shall be forwarded to the
MWD program managervia the appropriate chain of command within 90 days of receiptof
the written report.
10. Re-evaluation. A re-evaluation will not normally occurunless detector MWDs are
decertified. If detector MWD teams are
decertified, NCIS STAAT will be notified within 90 days of thelast day of the visit
for a re-evaluation, dependent upon theavailability of the STAAT.
11. Assistance Visits. Assistance visits are an essential partof MWD program
management. If recertification efforts are
beyond the technical expertise of local or regional kennelmasters or supervisors,
STAAT assistance may be requested.
Requests for assistance should be addressed to the appropriateSTAAT via the chain
of command.
12. Evaluation Guides. The MWD evaluation guide is provided inappendix E.
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APPENDIX A
LIST OF FORMS AND REPORTS CONTROL
APPENDIX B
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT LIST
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APPENDIX C
PATROL DOG CERTIFICATION STANDARDS AND PROFICIENCY LEVELS
(b) Attack (Critical). The dog must stay in theheel or sit position, off-leash, and
on the command of "GET HIM"
attack a person wearing a hidden arm protector from at least 40feet away. The dog
must continue the attack, holding for atleast 15 seconds, and releasing on the
"OUT" command.
(c) Stand-Off (Critical). On the "OUT" command
(after being sent to attack), the MWD must cease pursuit of theagitator and return
to the handler on the "HEEL" command. On
hearing the "OUT" command, the agitator must cease all movementraising his or her
hands.
(d) Out (Critical). On hearing the “OUT” command,
the MWD shall obey.
(4) Building Search (Critical). The dog, while on-
leash, must locate and respond to one person in a building. The
dog must not attack the person unless commanded by the handler.
(5) Patrolling and Intruder Detection (Critical). The
dog, while on-leash, must detect a person by scent, sound, andsight. The following
criteria apply:
(a) Detect, respond, and follow to source, the scentof a person hidden 50 yards
upwind.
(b) Detect, respond, and follow to source the soundmade by a person 100 feet
downwind.
(c) Detect, respond, and pursue a person in plainview 100 feet downwind.
(d) Pursue and attack (on command only) duringintruder detection.
(6) Vehicle Patrol (Semi-critical). The dog must ridecalmly inside a security
vehicle displaying no aggression towardpassengers or driver.
(7) Small Arms Fire (Critical). The dog must not beadversely affected by or become
uncontrollable during gunfire bythe handler or back-up personnel. It must hold its
positionduring all gunfire; however, it must not be deterred fromattacking on
command.
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(3) Controlled Aggression. The following tasks shouldbe conducted in all areas of
the base using real life scenarios.
(4) Building Search (Critical). The dog, while on-
leash, must locate and respond to three people in differentlocations. The dog must
not attack unless commanded to do so.
(5) Patrolling and Intruder Detection (Critical). The
dog, while on-leash, must detect a person by scent, sound, andsight. The following
criteria apply:
(a) Detect, respond, and follow to source the scentof a person hidden 50 yards
upwind.
(b) Detect, respond, and follow to source the soundmade by a person 100 feet
downwind.
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(c) Detect, respond, and pursue a person in plainview 100 feet downwind.
(d) Pursue and attack (on command only) duringintruder detection.
(6) Vehicle Patrol (Semi-critical). The dog must ridecalmly in a security vehicle
displaying no aggression towardpassengers or driver. In addition, the handler must
exhibitcontrol over the MWD by demonstrating procedures for enteringand exiting
vehicle. Dogs shall not be allowed to ride withtheir heads outside of the window.
(7) Small Arms Fire (Critical). The dog must not beadversely affected by or become
uncontrollable during gunfire bythe handler or back-up personnel. It must hold its
positionduring all gunfire; however, it must not be deterred fromattacking on
command.
(8) Tracking Certification (Non-critical). If the
command mission dictates, MWDs identified as potential trackersshould receive the
following training to meet the belowcertification standards:
(a) Short Track
1. The dog must track fresh human scent for atleast 100 yards from one point
straight to another.
2. The track should be laid downwind from the
starting point.
(b) Intermediate Track
1. The dog must track fresh human scent for atleast ½ mile.
2. The track should be laid perpendicular tothe wind containing two turns made no
more than a 45-degreeangle.
3. The dog should make some indication onarticles placed by the decoy.
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APPENDIX D
PATROL TRAINING DEFINITIONS AND TECHNIQUES
1. Training Definitions and Techniques. All dogs are differentand the handler must
understand and apply the trainingtechniques that produce the optimum behavior.
Criteria should
be defined and goals set prior to beginning each trainingsession.
a. Successive Approximation. This is a method used to
train an MWD to perform a new task. The dog is taught a morecomplex task through a
series of simpler tasks usingintermediate goals. Never advance the dog until
proficient ateach step. The handler or trainer should identify the finaldesired
behavior, break that behavior down into a series ofsimpler behaviors, and teach the
behaviors one at a time. The
final goal will be achieved as the dog learns the simpler tasks.
b. Reward Training. Reward training is one of four methodsused to train dogs to
perform tasks on command. When a dogmakes a correct or near correct response, it
gets a reward.
When the dog does not respond, or makes an incorrect response,
it does not get a reward. Verbal and physical rewards must havevalue to the dog for
reward training to be effective.
Socialization of dog and handler in initial training is designedto gain reward
value for verbal and or physical praise.
c. Reward Schedules
(1) Continuous Reward Schedule. A reward (verbal orphysical) is given immediately
when the dog makes a correctresponse. Dogs initially making near correct responses
arerewarded as they make subsequent responses nearer and nearer tothe correct
response. Shaping the dog to make the correctresponse requires a slight delay in
giving the dog a reward;
however, an excessive delay may lead to frustration.
(2) Extinction Schedule. No reward is ever given whenthe dog makes no response or
an incorrect response. In initial
training, using this schedule with the continuous rewardschedule, the dog learns
the correct response from the incorrectresponse. If the reward is of sufficient
value to the dog, thedog will select the right response to get the reward.
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Note: The dog must complete each task with 100 percent accuracybefore proceeding to
the fixed ratio and variable ratio rewardschedules.
(3) Fixed Ratio Reward Schedule. A reward is given tothe dog after it makes two or
more correct responses. The two
or more responses do not necessarily have to be the sameresponses. To start a dog
on this schedule, every secondcorrect response is rewarded. When the dog
consistently makestwo responses to get a reward, three responses will then
berequired. By increasing the number of responses one at a timeand allowing the dog
to perform at each level with 100 percentproficiency, a high fixed ratio reward
schedule can be reachedat any time; decrease the number to get a reward and
thenproceed as before, adding one response at a time.
(a) Example 1. If the proficiency is inadequate ofresponses required by the dog as
before, adding one responseContinuous Reward Schedule:
1. One correct response equals a reward
2. Extinction Schedule: incorrect responsereward equals no reward
(b) Example 2. Fixed Ratio Reward Schedule:
1. Correct response equals one reward
2. Correct response equals one reward
3. Correct response equals one reward
Note: The dog must perform each step at 100 percent accuracybefore going on to the
next step.
(4) Variable Ratio Schedule. Once the dog has learnedto perform on a high fixed
ratio reward schedule, the variableratio reward schedule is used. The maximum
number of responsesrequired by this schedule must have been learned by the dog on
afixed ratio schedule. Select a range of responses required(i.e., 5 to 10
responses) and reward the dog randomly withinthis range. For example, the dog has
learned to respondcorrectly 15 times on a fixed ratio reward schedule. Reward the
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(6) Variable Interval Reward Schedule. Once the dog haslearned to perform any task
for a specified period of time on afixed interval reward schedule (“STAY” in the
“SIT” or “DOWN”
position for 3 minutes) the variable interval reward schedule isused. Select a time
range (1 to 2 minutes) and reward the dogon a random basis within this period.
Example: The dog haslearned to respond correctly for 3 minutes on a fixed
intervalreward schedule. Reward the dog somewhere between the 1 and 2minute time
requirement on a random basis. The dog will learnthat it must respond for at least
1 minute and will not berequired to respond longer than 2 minutes to obtain a
desiredreward. This reward schedule, once attained, gives the handlergreater
control of the dog’s behavior than the fixed intervalreward schedule.
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Note: The fixed variable ratio reward schedule and the variable
interval reward schedule provide greater stimulus control thanother reward
schedules. Every effort should be made to trainand keep dogs on these two
schedules.
d. Avoidance Training. The dog learns not to make anincorrect response to avoid a
verbal or physical correction. A
continuous reward schedule is followed in avoidance training.
Every time the dog makes an undesired response, it receives onecorrection.
(1) The method of pairing verbal and physical praise orverbal and physical
correction within .5 seconds of each otheris called “Classical Conditioning.”
Physical correction orpraise is considered unconditioned stimuli (UCS). They
causethe dog to feel either good or bad - known as unconditionedresponses. When the
UCS is paired with verbal praise, “GOODBOY,” or verbal correction, “NO,” a
sufficient number of times(approximately 40 to 50) they can elicit a good or bad
feelingin the MWD in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus UCS.
The verbal praise, “GOOD BOY,” and correction, “NO“, areconditioned stimuli and the
responses to the stimuli areconditioned responses.
(2) Physical and verbal correction are paired within 0.5seconds in avoidance
training to teach the MWD not to make aspecific response.
(3) Physical and verbal praise are used simultaneouslyas the reward to teach the
MWD to make a specific response.
(4) Pairing a command within 1 second of the correction,
“NO”, will allow commands to eventually elicit a conditionedresponse (a feeling
similar to that caused by a physicalcorrection). For this reason, commands and
verbal correctionsshould be separated by one or more seconds.
e. Extinction Training. The handler ignores the dog’sincorrect response and rewards
the correct response. The
undesired behavior will be extinguished as the dog learns thatit will not be
rewarded for incorrect responses.
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f. Escape Training. This technique is conditioning the dogby the use of pressure.
As with other training techniques,
escape training has positive and negative effects on training.
Generally, MWDs will yield to lighter forms of pressure andresist heavier
pressures. The MWD learns by escaping pressureand this should be used to cue the
dog into making the correctresponse. This method should be used in place of
avoidancetraining in almost every instance.
g. Stimulus Control. The ability to control the dog’sbehavior is a result of
gaining stimulus control. The doglearns that it is rewarded for performing a
certain taskcorrectly.
(1) Initial socialization training of the dog andhandler is designed to increase
the value of verbal and physicalpraise in order to make reward training more
effective. The
ball, food (detection tasks), or other play objects providegreater reward strength
which helps in gaining stimulus control.
(2) Failure to use avoidance training and rewardschedules correctly reduces the
value of verbal and physicalpraise.
2. Conditions Affecting Tracking. Kennel supervisors andhandlers must understand
some of the conditions that can affect
the dog’s performance prior to conducting training exercises.
a. The dog takes the human scent not only from the groundbut also from the air near
the ground. A strong wind can spreadthe scent so sparsely over an area that the dog
may havedifficulty detecting it. A track laid into the wind blows the
scent straight to the dog. A wind blowing across a track maycause the dog to work
from a few feet to several yards downwindof the track. To encourage the dog to pick
up the scentdirectly from the ground, all initial tracks should be laiddownwind
from the starting point.
b. Many dogs track with their nose 6 inches or more abovethe ground, periodically
lowering their noses to pick up astronger scent. The training supervisor must
design exercisesto determine if the dog naturally tracks this way.
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c. The ideal surface for tracking is an open field withshort, damp vegetation. A
hard dry surface does not hold ascent well. Heavy rain will wash away the scent
while a dampsurface will allow the scent to remain.
d. The scent dissipates faster when the temperature ishigh; therefore, the early
morning or late afternoon hours aremost favorable tracking periods. Humidity, which
improves thescent, is usually not as high during peak temperature periods.
e. Conflicting smells, such as smoke or fumes fromchemicals or fertilizers, affect
the dog’s ability to detect andfollow a track. These odors may mask the scent the
dog istrying to follow.
f. The age of the track is another factor that must betaken into consideration. A
track laid on a hot dry surfacedisappears soon after being laid.
3. Short Track. The short track is at least 100 yards and runsfrom one point
straight to another. The track should be
preplanned and all persons involved should know the start andend points. This is
primarily so that the handler can stay onthe track even though the dog loses it. If
the dog strays fromthe track, the pace of the handler and dog are slowed until
thedog recovers and returns to the track.
a. To leave a good scent pad, the decoy scuffs his or herfeet in one spot, making a
circle about 25 inches in diameter.
The decoy then scuffs his or her feet on the ground in astraight line for about 100
yards downwind from the startingpoint and drops to the ground. On this track, the
decoy shouldstay at the point where the track ends.
b. When the decoy has completed laying the track, thehandler should lead the dog to
about 6 feet short of the scentpad and attach the 360-inch leash to the dog’s
harness.
c. After the dog sniffs the scent pad, give the command“TRACK,” pronouncing it in a
slow and drawn-out manner, with thehand making a sweeping downward and outward
motion.
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d. Allow the dog to move out half the length of the leash.
Stay on the track even though the dog may wander off. If the
dog persistently strays off the track, stop and call the dogback and let it sniff
the track. The command is repeated andthe dog is allowed to move out only about 6
feet on the leash.
e. If the dog fails to follow the track, a mild form ofagitation should be given at
the scent pad by the decoy andagain when the dog locates the decoy. On the initial
track,
when using agitation, the dog should be in a position to watchthe decoy until he or
she drops to the ground. The dog is thenallowed to track at a slow pace.
f. Regardless of the technique used in teaching the dog totrack, the dog should be
successful in finding the decoy andmust receive praise from the handler. Mild
corrections should
be given in a displeased tone of voice rather than in a harshtone of voice. Pulling
on the harness results in the dograising its head, interfering with the dog’s
ability to performthe track correctly.
4. Intermediate Track. This track is at least l/2-mile inlength and includes turns
and articles the dog must find. As in
the short track, preplanning an intermediate track is necessaryso that the handler
can help the dog in making the turns andlocating the articles.
a. The intermediate track should be limited to two turns
until the dog gains proficiency. The turns should be made at no
more than a 45-degree angle during an intermediate track andeach turn should be
identified by a marker.
b. Articles such as a small piece of wool, leather, rubber,
or cloth can be used. The decoy puts a scent on the article byrubbing it between
his or her hands.
c. The dog is not required to pick up the article, butshould make some indication
that it is there. The type ofindication the dog makes can be a number of things,
such asstopping momentarily, or turning the head toward the location ofthe article
as it passes by. If the dog should miss thearticle, pick it up and keep it for use
as a refresher scent ifthe dog loses the track later.
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the dog is actively searching for the scent, it should beallowed to continue. This
searching process is called“casting.”
k. If the dog stops and begins looking for the decoy, bringthe dog back and repeat
the verbal and physical command,
“TRACK.” As the dog starts off, keep a short leash until thedog has the track
again. If the dog fails to find the scent,
take the dog back along the track as far as necessary until thedog finds the track.
5. Advanced Track. This track is used for dogs that have showna marked degree of
proficiency in tracking. All dogs do nothave the ability to track for long periods
or follow old tracks.
a. In planning this track, a map should be prepared so thehandler, if necessary,
can help the dog. The tracks should be 1
or 2 hours old and at least l-mile long. The decoy lays a trackby making a scent
pad and then walks at a normal pace,
occasionally breaking into a run.
b. At every other turn, the decoy makes a scent pad, if thedog needs it to track.
The decoy starts the track the same asin the intermediate track and runs and walks
intermittently toreach the hiding place.
c. The articles, rather than being placed on the track, aredropped. At turns, it
may be necessary to place markers for thehandler to indicate a change in direction.
If markers are not
used, separate scent pads for the dog to follow are made toindicate the new
direction.
d. The diversionary decoy crosses the initial track, butshould cross using caution
to prevent confusing the dog. A
diversionary track is used so the handler can learn what the dogmay do when
confronted with a new problem. Initially, thehandler must know exactly where the
tracks cross to observe thedog’s reaction when it comes to the diversionary scent.
e. It must be emphasized that incentives are extremelyimportant in getting the dog
to follow a scent. The handler
must stay flexible in the approach to tracking, allowing forlatitude to make any
necessary adaptations that result in asuccessful performance.
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f. Some MWDs are completely unsuited for tracking and showno willingness to track.
Nothing can be gained by continuallytrying to make one of these dogs track.
Therefore, once akennel master or trainer is able to document a dog’sunwillingness
to track, further training in this task may bestopped. Contact STAAT for guidance.
g. Dogs that demonstrate a definite ability to track mustbe kept proficient.
Tracking proficiency can be maintained byfollowing a minimum of one advanced track
per week. Trainers
must set up the tracks so the dog’s capabilities can bereinforced.
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APPENDIX E
MWD EVALUATION GUIDE
SECTION I - GENERAL
1. General Condition
a. Cleanliness
b. Safety
(1) SOPs
(2) First-aid kits
2. Drainage. Adequate and operational.
3. Security
a. Perimeter fencing
b. Routine checks on MWDs and facility
c. Appropriate warning signs
4. Fire Protection
a. SOPs
b. Required extinguishers
5. Water Supply
a. Adequacy (hot and cold)
b. Operational
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6. Charts
a. Food, weight, and stool charts maintained.
b. MWD meets ideal working weight established byveterinarian.
7. Lighting
a. Adequacy
b. Security
8. Training Area and Confidence Course
a. Safety and adequacy
b. Maintenance
9. Food Storage
a. Availability
b. Inspection
c. Storage area and container
SECTION IV - TRAINING AIDS
3. Accountability
a. Primary and alternate custodians, and authorization tohandle letters, are signed
by CO and or security officer.
conducted and annotated correctly in checkout and check in log
(1) Explosives
(2) Drugs
b. Aids checked in and out per applicable instructions.
(1) Explosives
(2) Drugs
c. Semi-annual and change of custodian inventories properly
books.
(1) Drugs
(2) Explosives
d. Aids inspected for signs of leakage, tampering, orcontamination.
(1) Drugs
(2) Explosives
e. Appropriate documentation maintained in accountabilityfolders for receiving,
shipping, and chain of custody.
(1) Drugs
(2) Explosives
4. Security and Stowage
a. Aids stored in authorized areas or containers perchapters 4 and 5 of this
instruction.
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(1) Drugs
(2) Explosives
b. Security of training aids during use.
(1) Drugs
(2) Explosives
5. Safety
SECTION V - VETERINARY SUPPORT
1. Availability
2. Health Records
a. Location and maintenance.
b. Semi-annual physicals.
3. Special Diets
a. Recommended and used.
b. Supplemented as required.
4. Kennel Sanitation Inspections
a. Conducted quarterly.
b. Written reports maintained.
5. Emergency Procedures
a. Evacuation.
b. Availability of military and civilian veterinary servicephone numbers, location,
etc.
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1. Equipment
a. Sufficient quantity and quality.
b. Properly inspected and maintained.
c. Sufficient quantity of blank ammunition.
2. Vehicles
a. Availability and maintenance.
b. Warning signs.
c. Properly equipped.
d. Proper safety equipment.
(1) MWDs and personnel
(2) Explosives
3. Training
a. Proficiency training or trials being conducted.
b. All areas of command being used.
c. Deficiencies and corrective actions documented.
d. Training addressed to correct deficiencies and advanceproficiency levels.
e. Excess MWDs receiving proficiency training or trials.
SECTION VII – RECERTIFICATION AND DECERTIFICATION
OF ASSIGNED ASSETS
5. Reward
a. Identified reward has not been changed without priorapproval from the MWD
program manager.
b. Reward given in a timely manner.
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