CV1011 Mechanics of Materials

Topic 1: Introduction

2023-24 Sem 1

Mon 12.30-13.20, LT 7
Wed 13:30-14.20, LT 7
Fri 16.30-17.20, LT 7
 CV1011 Course Structure

• Course Coordinator: Prof Pan Tso-Chien

• 39-hour lecture (including two 45-minutes Quizzes)

– Topics 1-7: Dr. Liu Yu

– Topics 8-14: Prof. Ivan Au Siu Kui

– Mode of lecture: In-person

• 12-hour tutorial
– Mode of tutorial: In-person

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 Course Content
S/N Topic Lecture Tutorial
Hrs Hrs
1 Introduction 1
2 Forces, moments, and equilibrium of a body (scalar approach) 3 1
3 Geometric properties and distributed loads 3 1
4 Internal forces 4 1
5 Forces, moments, and equilibrium of a body (vector approach) 3 1
6 Stress and strain 3 1
7 Mechanical properties of materials 2 1
8 Axially loaded members 2 1
9 Torsion 2 1
10 Bending stress in beams 3 1
11 Shear stress in beams 3 1
12 Combined stresses 2 1
13 Stress (strain) transformation 4 1
14 Column buckling 2 1

Textbook: Hibbeler, R.C., Statics and Mechanics of Materials,

SI Edition, Pearson – Prentice Hall, 2004.
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 Course Learning Objectives
Statics
 Determine forces and their resultants in static equilibrium in 1D, 2D
and 3D situations, using scalar and vector approaches
 Determine the forces in a simple structure under external loads; and
present them in appropriate form
 Determine the geometric properties of shapes in elementary and
composite forms and apply to the context of distributed loads and
section properties
Mechanics of Materials
 Recall the basic mechanical properties of materials
 Determine the stress and strain in a member under axial load,
torsion, bending, shear and their combination; and their relevance to
design
 Transform plane stress (strain) components from one orientation to
another, and determine their principal/maximum values
 Determine the buckling load of simple columns

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 Assessments
• Quiz 1 (20%)
Scope: Topics 1-7
Date/time: TW6
Mode: In-person
Venue: TBA
• Quiz 2 (20%)
Scope: Topics 8-14
Date/time: TBA
Mode: In-person
Venue: TBA
• Final exam (60%, 2 hours)
Scope: Topics 1-14
Mode: In-person
Close book exam

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CV1011 Mechanics of Materials
(Topics 1 – 7)

Lecturer: Dr. Liu Yu

Office: CEE N1-01c-116
Email: [email protected]
Office Tel: 6790 5314

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 Acknowledgment

This lecture notes and tutorial questions

are prepared by A/P Yang En-Hua

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 What is Mechanics?
• Study of what happens to a “thing” (the technical
name is “body”) when forces are applied to it.
• Either the body or the forces could be large or
small.

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 Mechanics
 Mechanics is a branch of physical sciences
concerned with the state of rest or motion of
bodies that are subjected to the action of
forces.

F = ma M = I

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 Branches of Mechanics
Mechanics

Rigid Bodies Deformable Bodies Fluids

(Things that do not change shape) (Things that do change shape)

Statics Dynamics

Statics deal with the equilibrium of rigid

bodies under the action of forces.
F =0a=0v=0

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What may happen if statics is not
applied properly?

Teen, 17, dies after basketball backboard structure

falls on him in Bedok (July 26 2021)

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 Fundamental Concepts
• Basic quantities:

Length (m), mass (kg), time (s), force (N)

• Idealizations: to simplify application of theory

Particle - an object having mass but the size is neglected.

Rigid Body - a combination of a large number of particles

which remain in a fixed position relative to each other, both
before and after the application of a force.

Concentrated Force - the effect of a loading assumed to act

at a point on a body

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 Newton’s Three Laws of Motion

• First Law
A particle originally at rest,
or moving in a straight line
with constant velocity, will
remain in this state provided
that the particle is not
subjected to an unbalanced
force

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 Newton’s Three Laws of Motion

• Second Law
A particle acted upon by an unbalanced
force F experiences an acceleration a that
has the same direction as the force and a
magnitude that is directly proportional to the
force
d= dv/dt

F  ma

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 Newton’s Three Laws of Motion

• Third Law
The mutual forces of action and
reaction between two particles are
equal and, opposite and collinear

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Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction

m1 m 2
F G 2
r
F = force of gravitation between two
particles
G = universal constant of gravitation =
6.673x10-11 m3/(kg⋅s2)
m1, m2 = mass of each of the two particles
r = distance between the two particles

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Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction
– Special Case
The weight W of a mass m is the gravitational pull exerted by
the earth M on the mass. g=GM/r^2

mM  M 
W =G = G  m = mg
r2  r2 
g is the acceleration due to gravity. It depends on r. On the
surface of the earth, M = 5.98x 1024 kg. r = 6.38 x 106 m. g is
taken as 9.81 m/s2.

Thus, the weight of a body of 1 kg mass is:

W = mg = (1kg) (9.81 m/s2) = 9.81 N
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 An illustration example:
a Box on a table

Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction

W = mg = (1kg) (9.81 m/s2) = 9.81 N
W = mg

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An illustration example:
a Box on a table

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 An illustration example:
a Box on a table

First Law
A particle originally at rest, or moving in a straight line with constant
velocity, will remain in this state provided that the particle is not
Newton’s
subjected Law of Gravitational
to an unbalanced force. Attraction
W = mg = (1kg) (9.81 m/s2) = 9.81 N
WF1= mg

F2

F
No horizontal force on Box With a horizontal force on Box
F1 (applied force) < F2 (friction force)

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 An illustration example:
a Box on a table

Second Law
A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F experiences an
acceleration a that has the same direction as the force and a
magnitude that is directly proportional to the force
Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction
F = ma 2
W = mg = (1kg) (9.81 m/s ) = 9.81 N
W = mg
F1

F2
F
F = F1 – F2 >0

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 Units of Measurement
• SI is an international system of measurement. The base
units in the SI system are length in meters (m), time in
seconds (s) and mass in kilograms (kg).
• The unit of force (newton, N), is derived from Force =
mass × acceleration. Thus, 1 N = 1 kg ⋅ m/s2. Other
derived SI units are: area (m2), density (kg/m3), stress
(Pa = N/m2), and moment of a force (N ⋅ m).
Rules for using SI units
 No plurals (e.g. force = 5 N, not 5 Ns)
 Separate the units with a dot (e.g. N ⋅ m). 10^6 10^9
 Most symbols are in lowercase, except for N, Pa, M (mega) and G
(giga). We use lower case k for kilo, i.e. kN.

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 Numerical Calculations
• Accuracy of a number is specified by the
number of significant figures it contains
• A significant figure is any digit including zero
– e.g. 5604 and 34.52 have four significant
numbers
• When numbers begin or end with zero, we
make use of prefixes to clarify the number of
significant figures
– e.g. 400 as one significant figure would be 4 ×
102
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 Numerical Calculations

• Calculated results should always be

“rounded off” to an appropriate number of
significant figures
• Engineers usually round off final answer
to 3 significant figures.
• Intermediate calculations are usually done
to 4 significant figures.

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 Ek = 0.5 mv^2
Examples = 0.5 (1) (2000/3600)^2
= 0.154 J
1. Convert 2 km/h to m/s
Solution
2 km  1000 m  1 h 
2 km/h      0.556 m/s
h  km  3600 s 
Remember to round off the final answer to three significant figures.

2. If your calculations show the force value as 12345.6 N,

what should you write as your final answer?
3 s.f.

(a) 12346 N (b) 12.346 kN (c) 12.3 kN

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CV1011 – MOM (A/P Yang En-Hua)