Solution

PHYSICS MOTION

Class 11 - Physics

1.
2 1
(c) 2
−
2
n n

Explanation: Snth = 0 + a

2
(2n - 1)
Sn = 0 + 1

2
an
2

a
Se th 2 (2n − 1) 2 1
∴ = = −
Sn 1 2 n 2
an n
2

2.
f − a
(d) 2(1 + b)

dxP
Explanation: Velocity of car P = vp = dt
= a + 2bt
dxQ

Velocity of car Q = vQ = dt
= f - 2t
Velocity of cars are same, up = uQ
⇒ a + 2bt = f - 2t
⇒ 2t + 2bt = f - a
f − a
⇒ t= 2(1 + b)

3.
(d) 2^j m/s 2

Explanation: Given:
dx 1 −2
vx = = ms
dt 3

y = 9x2
dy dx
∴ vy = = 18x
dt dt
1
= 18x × = 6x
3

= 2 ms-2
dvy
dx 1
ay = = 6 = 6 ×
dt dt 3
→
^ 2
∴ ay = 2 j m/s

4. (a) 47.4 ms-2

= 4π rads-1
2π×120rad
Explanation: ω = 60 s

2
a = ω r = (4π)
2
× 0.30 = 47.4 ms-2
5. i. Assume the car accelerates at a rate α for time t1 and attains a maximum velocity V. Then the car decelerates at a constant rate
β for remaining time (t - t1) and comes to rest. Then, from the figure,

The maximum velocity attained by the car, V = α t1 = β (t - t1)

V V
∴ t1 =
α
and (t − t 1) =
β

Adding these two, we have

V V α+β
t= α
+
β
=V (
αβ
)

αβ t
⇒ V= (α+β )

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 ii. Total distance travelled by the car, s = area △OAB = 1

2
× t×V
αβ t αβ
∴ s= 1

2
t ×
(α+β )
= 1

2 (α+β )
2
t ̣

6. i. From A to B.
Distance covered = 1

4
× 2πr =
1

2
πr

−
−→
−−−−−−−−−−
Displacement = |AB| = √O A + O B 2 2

−−− −−− –
= √r + r = √2r
2 2

ii. From A to C
Distance covered = × 2πr = πr 1

2
−
−→
Displacement = |AC | = 2r
iii. From A to B.
Distance covered = × 2πr = 3

4
3

2
πr

−
−→ −− −−−− –
Displacement = 2 2
|AD | = √r + r = √2r

iv. From A to A. Distance covered = 2π r

As the final position coincides with the initial position, displacement covered = zero.
1

7. Using R = (A 2
+ B
2
+ 2AB cos θ) 2 we get
1
2 2
4 = (2 + 3 + 2 × 2 × 3 cos θ) 2

16 = 4 + 9 + 12 cos θ
3 −1
cos θ = = cos 0.25
12

∘ ′
θ = 75 32

8. |a⃗ − b|⃗ 2 ⃗ 2
− (|a⃗| + |b|)

2 ⃗ 2 ⃗ 2 ⃗ 2 ⃗
= |a⃗| + |b| − 2|a⃗||b| cos θ − |a⃗| − |b| − 2|a⃗||b|

⃗
= −4|a⃗||b| cos
2 θ

2
= a negative quantity
Hence ⃗ ⃗
|a⃗ − b| ≤ |a⃗| + |b|

9. Here we use the equation of motion for constant velocity in Cartesian form.
Given x1 (0) = 50 m, x2 (0) = 100 m,

v1 = 10 ms-1, u2 = 5ms-1
The positions of the two buses at any instant t are
x1 (t) = x1 (0) + v1t = 50 + 10t
x2 (t) = x2 (0) + v2t = 100 + 5t
When A overtakes B,
x1 (t) = x2 (t)
50 + 10t = 100 + 5t
or 5t = 50
t = 10 s
x1 (10) = x2 (10) = 150 m
Thus A overtakes B at a position of 150 m from the origin at time t = 10 s
10. For simple harmonic motion (SHM) of a particle, acceleration (a) is given by the relation:
a = −ω x…..(i)
2

where ω angular frequency and x = displacement

and velocity of the particle, v = .....(ii) dx

dt

where dx

dt
= slope of x-t plot
Now at t = 0.3 s
In this time interval, x is negative. Thus, the slope of the x-t plot will also be negative. From equation (ii) again, velocity is the
slope of x-t plot. Therefore, both position and velocity are negative. However, using equation (i), acceleration of the particle will
be positive.
Now at t = 1.2 s
In this time interval, x is positive. Thus, the slope of the x-t plot i.e. the velocity of the particle will also be positive from equation
(ii).
Therefore, both position and velocity are positive. However, using equation (i), acceleration of the particle comes to be negative.

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 And at t = -1.2 s
In this time interval, x is negative and t is also negative. Hence, the slope of the x-t plot i.e. the velocity of the particle will be
positive here from equation (ii). From equation (i), it can be inferred that the acceleration of the particle will be positive, as x is
negative.
11. The graphical representation of the given situation is shown below:

Area AEFG = AE × AB ⇒ 7 = 40 × AB
or, AB = h 7

40

Area of △FGB gives the distance covered under retardation. It is (8.5 - 7) km = 1.5 km
Area of △FGB = GB × F G ⇒ GB = 1

2
h = h
2×1.5

40
3

40

Total time = ( 7

40
+
3

40
)h =
1

4
h

Area of △ACB = 1

2
AB × C D

1 1
8.5 = × × V
2 4

V = 8.5 × 8 km h-1 = 68 km h-1

12. For the first ball : Angle of projection = θ, Velocity of projection, u = 39.2 ms-1
As maximum height,
2 2
u sin θ
H =
2g

2 2
(39.2) sin θ
∴ H =
2×9.8
..... (i)
For the second ball: Angle of projection = 90° - θ, velocity of projection, u =39.2 ms-1, maximum height reached = (H + 50) m
2 2 ∘
(39.2) sin ( 90 −θ)
∴ H + 50 =
2×9.8
2 2 ∘
(39.2) sin ( 90 −θ)
or H + 50 = 2×9.8
..... (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2
(39.2)
2 2
2H + 50 = (sin θ + cos θ)
2×9.8
2
(39.2)
= = 78.4
2×9.8

or 2H = 78.4 - 50 = 28.4 or H = 14.2 m

∴ Height of first ball = H = 14.2 m

Height of second ball

= H + 50=14.2 + 50 = 64.2 m.
13. Yes, for the longest jump the player should throw himself at an angle of 45° with respect to horizontal. The vertical height for this
angle is
2 2 o 2

H= u sin 45

2g
=
u

4g
2

where u is the velocity of projection. If the vertical height is different from u

4g
, then the angle will be different from 45° and the
horizontal distance covered will also be less.
Clearly, the span of jump depends upon
i. the initial velocity of the jump,
ii. the angle of projection
14. Given that the position of particle, r = 3.0t^i + 2.0t 2^ ^
j + 5.0k

i. First order differentiation of position vector provide the instantaneous velocity of the particle, v(t) =
dr d ^ 2^ ^ ^ ^
= (3.0t i + 20t j + 5.0k) = 3.0 i + 4.0t j
dt dt

ii. Now at time t = 2.0 s

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 ^ ^
v(t) = 3.0 i − 8.0 j
−− −−−− −−−−−−−−−−− −−
2 2 2 2
v = √vx + vy = √(3.0) + (−8) = √73 = 8.54 m/s
vy
θ = tan
−1
(
vx
) tan
−1
(
8

3
) = -2.667 = 69.5°
θ = 69.5
∘
below X - axis
15. The initial velocity of ball is given as: u = 100 ms-1 and the acceleration due to gravity (g) = - 10m/s2 (negative sign is because of
it being acting in downward direction)
At highest point, v = 0
As we know that, v = u + at
⇒ 0 = 100 − 10 × t

Time taken to reach highest point is given by:

100
t = = 10s
10

The ball will return to the ground at t = 20 s.

Velocities of the ball at different instants of time will be as follows.
At t = 0, v = 100 - 10× 0 = 100 m/s
At t = 5, v = 100 - 10× 5 = 50 m/s
At t = 10, v = 100 - 10× 10 = 0 m/s
At t = 15, v = 100 - 10× 15 = -50 m/s
At t = 20, v = 100 - 10× 20 = -100 m/s
The velocity time - graph will be as shown in the figure.

i. Maximum height attained by the ball

= Area of triangle AOB
= 1

2
× 10s × 100 ms-1 = 500 m
ii. Height attained after 15 seconds
= Area of triangle AOB + Area of triangle BCD
(15 − 10) × (−50) (Velocity after 10 seconds is taken as negative because the ball is now coming downwards)
1
= 500 +
2

= 500 - 125 = 375 m

16. i.

ii.

1
S = ut + 2
2
at

Distance travelled by object

Area of OABC (trapezium)

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 = Area of OADC (rectangle) + Area of ΔABD
= OA × AD + × AD × BD 1

u×t+ 1

2
× t × (v - u)
= ut + 1

2
× t × at
v−u
(∵ t
= a)
S = ut + 1

2
at2 Given,
Velocity of car v = 126 km/h = 35 m/s
Displacement s = 200 m
Final velocity v = 0 m/s
Apply second kinematic equation to calculate retardation a
v2 - u2 = 2as
2 2 2

⇒a= = -3.0625 m/s2

v −u 0−35

2s
= 2×200

Apply first kinematic equation to calculate time t

v = u + at
v−u 0−35
⇒ t = = = 11.43 sec
a −3.0625

Hence, retardation is 3.06 m/s2 and time take to stop is 11.4 sec
17. A vector quantity is one which has both magnitude and direction and also obeys laws of vector algebra
1. No, one cannot associate a vector with the length of a wire bent into a loop
Let us consider a length of wire bent into the loop it has a magnitude that is its length but no specific fixed direction the length
at each instant can have a unique direction but no unique direction of the whole loop so it cannot be represented by a vector as
shown in figure

2. Yes, one can associate an area vector with a plane area. The direction of this vector is normal, inward or outward to the plane
area.
Now a Plane Area can be described as a vector since it has a magnitude that’s the area measured in m2 and the whole plane
area can be described by a vector whose direction shows the direction of normal to the area and for a plane area normal is
unique so the direction of the whole plane area is unique as shown in figure

Now, in general, a plane area with surface area S can be described in vector form as,
Where denotes the area vector S denote the magnitude of surface area and is a unit vector in the direction of normal or we can
say perpendicular to the plane area
3. No, one cannot associate a vector with the volume of a sphere. However, an area vector can be associated with the area of a
sphere.
Now a sphere have volume and surface area now volume also does not have a definite direction and has only a magnitude
measured in m3 at each instant volume of a body or sphere will have different direction so the volume of a sphere cannot be
associated with sphere because the whole volume cannot be represented by a unique direction now if we take area into account
the normal at any every point of the sphere will have a different direction directed outwards normally there is no unique
direction to specify the whole area of the sphere as shown in figure

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 So, the sphere cannot be associated with a vector because there is no unique direction which could specify the whole sphere.
18. As the marble was rolling on the table, therefore it has horizontal velocity and it will act as a projectile as soon as it leaves the
edge of the table and fall freely under the effect of gravity.
Since, the marble is initially moving horizontally, vy0 = 0 and vx0 = 1.00 m/s. We must consider the origin to be at the edge of the
table, so that x0 = y0 = 0

i. t = ? and y = -1.00 m
gt2
−1
∴ y= 2
−−− −−−−−−−−
−2y (−2)(−1.00)
⇒ t = √
g
= √
9.8
= 0.452 s
ii. x = ?, when t = 0.452 s
∴ x = vx0t = 1.00 × 0.452 s = 0.452 m

iii. v = ?, θ = ? at t = 0.452 s
The x-component of velocity is constant throughout the motion,
vx = vx0 = 1.00 m/s
The y-component of velocity is given by
vy = vy0 - gt = 0 - 9.8 × 0.452 = - 4.43 m/s
−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
∴ v = √vx + vy
2 2 2
= √(1.00) + (−4.43)
2
= 4.54 m/s, the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the motion.
vy
−1 ∣ 4.43 ∘
θ = tan ∣ = = 77.3
∣ vx ∣ 1.00

As the marble hits the floor, its velocity is 4.54 m/s directed 77.3° downward with respect to the horizontal.

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