SG Principles of Diseases& Basic Pharmacology

1st YEAR MBBS, SEMESTER 2, PRINCIPLES OF DISEASES & BASIC PHARMACOLOGY 2023-2024
MODULE
STUDENT GUIDE
PRINCIPLES OF DISEASES & BASIC
PHARMACOLOGY MODULE/ MED 103
FIRST-YEAR MBBCH, SEMESTER 2,
6 WEEKS
BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
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MODULE
STUDENT GUIDE FOR PRINCIPLES OF DISEASES &

BASIC PHARMACOLOGY MODULE
S.No CONTENTS Page No

1 Overview 3
2 Introduction to Student Guide 4
3 Learning Methodologies 4
4 Module 3: Principles of 5
Diseases and basic
pharmacology
4.1 Introduction 5
4.2 Objectives 6
5 Learning Resources 15
6 Assessment Methods 18
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 Module name: Principles of Diseases and basic pharmacology

 Semester: two
 Year: One
 Duration: 6 weeks
 Timetable hours: Lectures, Self-Study, Practical, Skills, Demonstrations,
Visit to Laboratories.
 Credit points: 9
 Total marks: 135 marks
MODULE INTEGRATION COMMITTEE:
YEAR COORDINATOR: Prof. Dr. Samraa Hussein Abdel-Kawi (Medical

Histology & Cell Biology)
MODULE COORDINATORS:  Ass. Prof. Dr. Samah Sayed (Medical
Parasitology)
 Dr. Ebtehal Mohammed Mostafa (Pathology)
 Dr. Marwa Shaker (Tropical Medicine)
DEPARTMENTS’ & RESOURCE PERSONS’ FACILITATING LEARNING

BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
Medical Parasitology Pathology
• Prof. Dr. Hala El-Askary • Prof. Dr. Wesam Ismail
Medical Microbiology &Immunology Clinical Pharmacology
• Prof. Dr. Abeer Ahmed Abdel monim • Ass. Prof. Dr. Asmaa Mohammed
Molecular and genetics:
 Prof. Dr. Ghada Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz
Integrated program management information
• Professor Dr. Khaled El Hadidy, Dean of Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University
• Professor Dr. Tamer Al-Hefnawy, Vice Dean for Education and Students Affairs, Faculty of
Medicine, Beni-Suef University
• Ass. Prof. Dr. Doaa Ahmed Hamdy (Managing Director of the program)
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INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A STUDENT GUIDE?
It is an aid to:
• Inform students how the student learning program of the semester-wise module has
been organized
• Help students organize and manage their studies throughout the module
• Guide students on assessment methods, rules and regulations
THE STUDENT GUIDE:

• Communicates information on organization and management of the module. This
will help the student to contact the right person in case of any difficulty.
• Defines the objectives which are expected to be achieved at the end of the module.
• Identifies the learning strategies such as lectures, small group teachings, clinical
skills, demonstration, tutorial and case-based learning that will be implemented to
achieve the module objectives.
• Provides a list of learning resources such as books, computer-assisted learning
programs, web- links, and journals, for students to consult in order to maximize their
learning.
• Highlights information on the contribution of continuous and semester
examinations on the student’s overall performance.
• Includes information on the assessment methods that will be held to determine
every student’s achievement of objectives.
• Focuses on information pertaining to examination policy, rules and regulations.
CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK
Students will experience an integrated curriculum of 1st and 2nd semesters.
INTEGRATED CURRICULUM comprises of system-based modules such as introductory,

musculoskeletal and hematopoietic modules which links basic science knowledge to
clinical problems. Integrated teaching means that subjects are presented as a
meaningful whole. Students will be able to have better understanding of basic sciences
when they repeatedly learn in relation to clinical examples
Case-based discussions, computer-based assignments, early exposure to clinics, wards,

and skills acquisition in skills lab and physiotherapy department are characteristics of
integrated teaching program.
LEARNING METHODOLOGIES
The following teaching / learning methods are used to promote better understanding:
o Interactive Lectures
o Practical sessions
o Learning clinical skills and procedures in simulated environment
o Self / independent-study
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o Flipped classroom methodologies

o E-Learning
 INTERACTIVE LECTURES:
In large group, the lecturer introduces a topic or common clinical conditions and
explains the underlying phenomena through questions, pictures, videos of patients’
interviews, exercises, etc. Students are actively involved in the learning process.
 PRACTICAL LESSONS:
Basic science practical related to basic medical sciences are scheduled for student
learning.
 SKILLS SESSION:
Skills relevant to respective module are observed and practiced where applicable in
skills laboratory or Department of Physiotherapy.
 SELF /INDEPENDENT STUDY:

Students’ assume responsibilities of their own learning through individual study, sharing
and discussing with peers, seeking information from Learning Resource Center, teachers
and resource persons within and outside the college. Students can utilize the time
within the college scheduled hours of self-study
 FLIPPED CLASSROOM METHODOLOGIES:

It is an instructional strategy and type of blended learning that reverses the traditional
learning environment by delivering instructional content, often online, outside the
classroom. It moves activities including those that may have traditionally been
considered homework into the classroom. In flipped classrooms students watch online
lectures, collaborate in online discussions or carry out research at home while engaging
in concepts in the classroom with the guidance of a mentor.
 E-LEARNING:
E-Learning is a strategy by which learning occurs through the utilization of electronic
media, typically the Internet. The basic theoretical lectures and medical terminology will
be addressed through an e-learning course.
MODULE 3: Principles of diseases and basic pharmacology

INTRODUCTION
A Student stepping into a medical school requires orientation and introduction to basic
medical sciences with respect to health & disease. Principles of diseases and basic
pharmacology module provides foundation of basic sciences and their use in clinical
medicine. This will eventually lead to develop critical thinking for integration and
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application of basic knowledge for clinical application. The medical student will acquire
the skills to apply the results of scientific studies to the practice of clinical medicine.
This student guide has been developed to help guide you and keep you focused on the
objectives for this module.
Welcome to the field of medicine and hope that the journey ahead will be exciting and
fulfilling for you all.
Pathology
Molecular
and Principles of Medical
genetics diseases and Parasitology
basic
pharmacology
Medical
miucrobiology Clinical
& immunolog Pharmacology
INTEGRATION DISCPLINES OF PRICIPLES OF

DISEASES AND BASIC PHARMACOLOGY
MODULE
COURSE OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module the students will be able to:
Clinical Pharmacology Learning Objectives
1- General Pharmacology: After completing General Pharmacology, you should
 Definition of pharmacology, toxicology, be able to:
and drugs 1. Define the term pharmacology, toxicology, and
 Types of Drugs drugs
 Sources of drugs 2. Distinguish between the chemical, generic and
 Nomenclature of drugs proprietary names of medications.
 Pharmacokinetics: 3. Explain the principles of pharmacokinetics.
 Absorption, factors affecting, bioavailability 4. Define drug absorption and outline the factors
 Distribution: patterns of distribution, that can affect this process.
volume of distribution & its importance, 5. Define drug distribution and describe the factors
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Factors affecting distribution that can affect this process.

 Metabolism: definition, classification, 6. Define the volume of distribution and identify its
results, site, factors affecting clinical applications.
 Excretion: route of excretion, renal 7. Identify the sites of drug metabolism.
excretion 8. Describe the mechanisms of metabolism and the
 Pharmacokinetic parameters: plasma half- factors that can affect this process.
life & its significance 9. Identify the sites of excretion of drugs and their
 Clearance, first and zero order kinetics metabolites.
 Loading and maintenance dose 10. Define the bioavailability of a drug & describe the
 Pharmacodynamics: factors that affect the degree of its bioavailability.
 Types of drug action 11. Define drug half-life and outline its effects on
 Mechanism of drug actions dose regimens.
 Receptors: types & examples 12. Define the term pharmacodynamics.
 Dose response curves (graded and 13. Describe how some medicines act by chemical or
quantal) physical modes of action.
14. Explain the nature of competitive and non-
 Classification of drugs: agonist, partial
competitive inhibitors of enzymes.
agonist, allosteric agonist, antagonist
15. Describe the use of competitive inhibitors of
 Drug interactions
enzymes in therapeutics.
 Dosage of drugs and factors affecting
16. Describe the concept of receptors and their
 Gene therapy
significance.
 Evaluation of new drug
17. Differentiate between agonists and antagonists
 Types of pharmacological studies
and their action on receptors.
18. List the uses that enzymes can have in
therapeutics
19. Identify the common types of drug interactions.
20. Outline the common forms of drug–environment
interactions and the clinical
consequences of such interactions.
21. State examples of drug–food interactions and
how they affect drug absorption.
22. Differentiate between a pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic drug–drug interaction.
23. Define the terms drug synergism, summation and
potentiation.
24. Outline the consequences of altering hepatic
enzyme activity on drug metabolism.
2. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) After completing ANS, you should be able to:
 Introduction and Adrenergic transmission 1. Outline briefly the major divisions of the human
 Adrenergic receptors: types, actions & nervous system and their respective functions.
drugs affecting 2. Identify the chemical transmitters involved in
 Sympathomimetics: autonomic nervous system function.
 Classifications 3. Compare and contrast the anatomical and
 Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, physiological characteristics of the sympathetic
Isoprenaline, Dopamine, Dobutamine, and parasympathetic divisions.
Amphetamine, Ephedrine, Tyramine 4. Identify the types and subtypes of adrenergic
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 Alpha agonists, Beta-2 agonists receptors.

 Sympathetic depressants: 5. List the effects observed after either stimulation
 Alpha blockers: Ergot, or blockade of peripheral adrenoreceptors.
phentolamine,Phenoxybenzamine, 6. Outline the central nervous system effects of
Prazosin, Yohimbine adrenergic stimulation and blockade.
 Beta blockers: classifications, actions, 7. Describe the role of dopamine in autonomic
uses, side effects nervous system function.
 Pheochromocytoma 8. Derive the side-effects and clinical indications of
 Adrenergic neuron blockers: adrenergic agents from knowledge of receptor
guanethidine, reserpine, methyldopa distribution and sympathetic nervous system
 Alpha-2 agonist effects.
 Parasympathomimetics: 9. Outline the mechanism of cholinergic nerve
 Classifications stimulation, transmitter release and
 Acetylcholine deactivation.
 Synthetic choline esters 10. Identify the subtypes and distribution of
cholinergic receptors in the body.
 Cholinomimetic alkaloids: pilocarpine
11. List the effects of cholinergic receptor
 Anticholine esterase
stimulation and from this derive the effects of
 Alzheimer disease
cholinergic receptor blockade.
 Myasthenia gravis
12. Derive the side-effects and clinical applications
 Cholinoceptor antagonists
of cholinergic agents from knowledge of
 Antimuscarinic: cholinergic receptor distribution and autonomic
 Atropine nervous
 Atropine substitute system effects.
 Nicotinic antagonists: 13. Compare aspects of cholinergic and adrenergic
 Ganglion blockers pharmacology in terms of
 N-M blockers and skeletal muscle similarities and differences.
relaxants: classifications, curare 14. Classify the muscle relaxants
and succinylcholine, dantrolene, 15. Differentiate between competitive and
central acting relaxants depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs
 Ganglion stimulants 16. List the drugs affecting the pupil size
 Drugs affecting the eye: 17. Outline the drugs used in treatment of
 Drugs affecting pupil size glaucoma
 Drugs used in treatment of glaucoma
1. Chemotherapy After completing Chemotherapy, you should be

 Classification able to:
 According to spectrum 1. Describe the principal mechanisms of action of
 According to mechanism antimicrobial agent sand suggest examples of
 According to site of action classes of medicines that act each way.
 Concentration dependent and time 2. Contrast bactericidal and bacteriostatic actions.
dependent 3. Discriminate between narrow- and broad-
 Postantibiotic effect spectrum antimicrobial agents.
 Classification of antifungal drugs 4. Define post antibiotic effect
 Classification of antiviral drugs 5. Outline the main adverse effects of antimicrobial
agents and explain why they occur.
6. Classify the antibacterial, antifungal &antiviral
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drugs
2. Analgesic antiinflammatory drugs After completing Analgesic antiinflammatory drugs,
 Classification of analgesics you should be able to:
 Antipyretic analgesics 1. Describe the role of prostaglandins in
 Aspirin inflammation and in the control of
 Other NSAIDs pain.
 Paracetamol 2. List the antipyretic properties of anti-
inflammatory and analgesic agents.
3. Explain the difference in action between the
classic NSAIDs and the selective
COX-2 inhibitors.
4. Explain the difference in action between
paracetamol and the NSAIDs.
5. Outline the dangers of aspirin and paracetamol
use.
6. List the uses and adverse effects of anti-
inflammatory agents.
3. Practical classes
 Demonstration of drugs on isolated
intestine
 Unknown on isolated intestine
 Demonstration of drugs on isolated
heart & Unknown on it
 Demonstration of drugs on blood
pressure &Unknown on it
 Pediatric pharmacology
 Geriatric pharmacology
 Drugs in pregnancy and lactation
Medical Microbiology & Immunology Learning Objectives

 General bacteriology &bacterial Student should be able to:
genetics 1. Illustrate general bacterial morphology,
 Morphology and structure, physiology and genetics
Classification of bacteria, 2. Identify the host parasite relationship and
 Bacterial physiology and growth, microbial pathogenesis.
 Bacterial genetics, gene cloning 3. Identify the physiology of the immune system
 Antimicrobial Chemotherapy and its beneficial functions
 General virology 4. Describe the morphology, culture, antigenic
 General mycology structure and virulence factors of
 Over view on the immune system microorganisms of medical importance.
 Bacterial pathogenesis 5. Describe the basics of antimicrobial uses and
resistance.
 Viral pathogenesis &Fungal
6. Interpret microbiological, immunological and
pathogenesis
Molecular reports
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 Most important bacteria classifications 7. Evaluate, according to evidence, the causal

and general criteria & main microbes relationship of microbes and diseases.
that play a role in growth retardation 8. Identify a microorganism as a bacterium, virus
and congenital diseases or fungus according to standard taxonomy
 Immunity to microbes 9. Operate a Gram stain and a Ziehl-Neelsen stain
 Practical lessons: and identify, according to morphology and
 Lab safety &hand washing characteristics, stained preparations.
 Methods of identification 10. Identify culture media and biochemical tests
 Microscopy &Staining commonly used for bacterial identification and
 Culture media distinguish positive and negative results.
 Biochemical Reactions 11. Practice hand wash and control of steam
 Molecular sterilization.
12. Recognize the danger of handling and use of
 Serological tests I,II
infectious agents on community and
 Lab diagnosis of viral infections
environment.
 Lab diagnosis of fungal infection 13. Point out the importance of the communication
between the microbiology lab and clinicians.
Pathology Learning objectives

Student should be able to:
Introduction 1) Define and describe the basic pathologic
processes that disturb the structure and function of
Cell Injury the body including cell injury, tissue response to
 Causes, pathogenesis, fate, injury (inflammation, healing and repair),
complications) haemodynamic disturbances, neoplasia, infections
 Cell death (necrosis and apoptosis) and parasitic diseases.
 Pathological Calcification and 2) List the causes of common pathologic conditions
Pigmentation and diseases affecting organs or systems.).
 Intracellular and extracellular deposition 3) Explain the pathogenesis of common pathologic
Disorders of Cellular Growth, conditions and diseases affecting organs or systems.
 Agenesis, Hypoplasia, Congenital versus 4) Describe the basic pathologic features
developmental, Familial, Hereditary (morphologic alterations) including the gross and
Genetic disorders. microscopic pictures of various common pathologic
Other miscellaneous developmental and conditions and diseases affecting organs and
1) literature review about various topics systems
presented throughout the course via 5) List the clinical manifestations and complications
online research of common pathologic conditions and diseases.
2) Gather, organize and appraise 6) Compare the pathological features of different
information from various resources pathological conditions and diseases that share
including the use of information common clinical feature
technology where applicable. 7) Identify the terminology used in the classification
 Anomalies (Choristoma, hamartoma, and investigations of common pathologic conditions
ectopia)the cellular adaptation and diseases, enabling effective communication with
Atrophy,Hypertrophy , Hyperplasia, professional colleagues and patients
Metaplasia, and dysplasia 8) Correlate the pathologic features (morphologic
Inflammation alterations) of common pathologic conditions and
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Acute inflammation diseases with their clinical presentation, laboratory

 Definition, the purposes of inflammation. investigations and complications
 the cardinal signs of acute inflammation 9) Analyze basic pathologic and clinical data to solve
 the vascular events in acute clinical problems and diagnose human disease
inflammation and the mechanism of 10) Identify and describe gross pathological lesion in
increased vascular permeability a gross specimen of common pathologic conditions
 the cellular events in acute inflammation: and diseases with correlation to relevant clinical
chemotaxis, phagocytosis data.
 the defects in neutrophil function with 11) Identify and describe microscopic findings of
examples common pathologic conditions and diseases using a
 Chemical mediators of inflammation. light microscope with correlation to relevant clinical
actions of the various groups of these data.
chemical mediators, and explain what
stimuli cause their release and / or 12) Apply safety measures during learning in
synthesis laboratory and museum sessions
 types of acute inflammation: suppurative 13) Review about various topics presented
and non-suppurative throughout the course via online research
 systemic effects of inflammation 14) Gather, organize and appraise information from
various resources including the use of information
 fate of inflammation
technology where applicable.
Chronic inflammation
15) Respect and communicate appropriately with
 Chronic inflammation and identify the
staff members, department employees and
reasons for chronicity of inflammation,
colleagues in laboratory and museum sessions.
giving examples and explain the
16) Work constructively and cooperatively within a
morphology of chronic inflammatory
team of his / her colleagues to prepare a
lesions.
presentation on a given subject.
 Compare and contrast acute and chronic
17) Be prepared for the lifelong learning needs of
inflammation
the medical profession.
Granuloma
18) Manage time effectively with continuous reading
 Define granuloma. Classify granulomas
of recent updating and prognostic factors.
based on etiology and on morphology,
with examples of each type. Describe the
morphology of caseating and non-
caseating granulomas
Tissue Repair and Healing
 General Aspects of Repair, classification &
Types of Repair, (regeneration, fibrosis)
 Examples of Repair& Complications of
Healing, Factors controlling repair
 Edema; types, causes, morphology and
effects
 hyperemia and congestion causes,
morphology and the effects they produce
 thrombus ,different types of thrombi,
their sites and describe mechanisms of
their formation & their fate
 Differentiate between arterial and
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venous thrombi.
 List the clinical situations in which
thrombi are known to occur.
 vegetations, types
 Differentiate between post-mortem clots
and thrombi
 embolus., different types of emboli, their
sources and the situations in which they
arise and the effects they produce on the
body
 Infarction, causes, types of infarcts.
 Factors which determine whether an
infarct will occur or not.
 morphology and fate
 Gangrene. ,types of gangrene and its
morphology
Bacterial Infections
Parasitic Diseases
Neoplasia
 Dysplasia, causes and its evolution to
carcinoma-in-situ.
 The nomenclature used in neoplasia, and
give the classification according to
histogenesis and behavior
 The gross, histological & clinical

differentiating features of benign and
malignant tumors
 Mechanism by which cancer cells spread
out, enter vessels, survive inside the
circulation and reach distant sites
 Pathways by which malignant tumors
spread through the body
 Explain phenomena like monoclonality,
tumor heterogeneity, tumor progression
and other biological features of
malignant proliferations
 List the hereditary and childhood cancers
as well as acquired and hereditary
preneoplastic conditions
 Define carcinogenesis, procarcinogens,

ultimate carcinogens, promoters, and
initiators and explain the “multi-hit‟
theory of carcinogenesis
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 different groups of carcinogenic agents

 The effects of benign and malignant
tumors on the host including the
paraneoplastic syndrome.
 the clinical effects of tumors and
describe the paraneoplastic syndrome
 tumor markers, and their role in the early
diagnosis of cancers
 grading and staging of tumors and explain
their importance
Medical Parasitology Learning Objectives

1- General characters and general life Student should be able to:
cycles of trematoda, cestoda and 1. Outline briefly the major two phyla of the
nematoda medically important worms.
 General characters of class trematoda 2. Describe the morphology and life cycles of
according to shape, size, cuticle, sex, medically important helminthes.
organs of fixation and different systems 3. Outline the methods of recovery of parasites
 General life cycle of trematodes from environmental samples.
 General characters of class cestodoidea, 4. Compare and contrast the characteristics of two
subclass cestoda (order pseudophyllidea orders pseudophyllidea and cyclophyllidea.
and cyclophyllidea) according to shape, 5. Compare and contrast the characteristics of
size, cuticle, sex, organs of fixation and intestinal and tissue nematodes.
different systems 6. Outline the methods of prevention and control
 General life cycle of cestodes of helminthic infection on individual and
 General characters of class nematode ( community levels.
intestinal and tissue nematode) according
to shape, size, cuticle, sex, protective
mechanisms, organs of fixation and
different systems
 General life cycle of nematodes
2. General characters and classification of Student should be able to:
protozoa ,Development , classification, 1. Define protozoa
and medical importance of arthropods: 2. Describe the morphology and biological aspects
 Definition of protozoa of protozoa.
 General characters of protozoa according 3. Put different protozoa in their taxonomic
to morphology and biology. position.
 Classification of protozoa 4. Know types of reproduction in protozoa.
 Development of arthropods (complete 5. Compare between complete and incomplete
and incomplete metamorphosis) metamorphosis
 Medical importance of arthropods as a 6. Outline the main adverse effects of arthropods
direct agent of disease and as a vector of and explain why they are medically important
disease transmission 7. Compare and contrast between mechanical and
 Types of arthropod borne disease biological disease transmission with giving
transmission (mechanical and biological) examples.
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 Classification of arthropoda 8. Define different types of biological transmission

with giving examples.
9. Classify arthropoda into three main classes;
insecta, arachnida and crustacea.
3. Characters and outcome of immune Student should be able to:
response to parasitic infections and 1. Describe the characters of parasitic immune
differences between immune response response.
to protozoa and helminthes.Dynamics 2. Differentiate between protective and
and principles of parasitic immune pathological outcomes of parasitic immune
response and vaccination. response.
 Characters of parasitic immune response. 3. Compare between immune response to
 Outcome of parasitic immune response protozoa and helminthes.
(protective and pathological outcomes) 4. Explain the dynamics and principles of parasitic
 Differences between immune response immune response.
to protozoa and helminthes. 5. Explain why immunity against parasites is
 Dynamics and principles of parasitic important.
immune response 6. List the causes of failure of parasitic vaccine
o Innate and acquired immunity preparation.
o Importance of immunity against
parasites
 Parasitic vaccination.
Molecular biology Learning Objectives
 Replication 1. Demonstrate honesty, integrity,

 Principles of colorimetry commitment, compassion, and respect in
 Transcription all aspects of practice.
 Case study 2. Explain normal function of the body and
 ELISA its major organ systems
 Translation 3. Explain the molecular mechanisms that
 PCR are important in maintaining the body’s
 Urine report homeostasis.
 Regulation of gene expression 4. Explain the biochemical mechanismsthat
 Oncogenesis are important in maintaining the body’s
homeostasis
5. Identify various causes (genetic) of
illness/disease.
6. Explain various causes (genetic) of
illness/disease regarding the ways in which
they operate on the body (pathogenesis).
7. Describe altered function of the body and
its major organ systems that are seen in
various diseases.
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LEARNING RESOURCES
SUBJECT LEARNING RESOURCES

Clinical Pharmacology -Course Notes:
 Lecture notes
- Essential Books (Text Books):
 Department book
- Recommended Books:
 Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology by Mary J Mycek , Richard
A Harvey &Pamela C Champe
 Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by B.G. Katzung, McGraw-Hills Companies, Inc.,
USA
 Integrated Pharmacology by Clive Page, Michael Curtis, Morley Sutter, Michael
Walker and Brian Hoffman. Mosby
 Principles of Pharmacology (The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy) by D.E.
Golan, A.H. Tashjian, E.J. Armstrong, J.M.Galanter, A.W. Armstrong, R.A. Arnaout
and H.S. Rose. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
 Goodman and Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of therapeutics. Brunton LL,
Chabner BA, Knollmann BC (eds.), The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., USA.
Koda-Kimble MA, Young LY, Kradjan WA, Gugliemlo BJ, Alldredge BK, & Corelli RL,
Guglielmo BJ, KardjanWA, Williams BR: Applied Therapeutics, The clinical use of drugs
- Periodicals, Web Sites, etc:
http://www.tigerx.com/health/pharmacy.htm
http://www.health.org
http://pharmacology.about.com/
http://my.webmd.com/drugs
http://search.about.com/fullsearch.htm?terms=pharmacology&PM=59_0100_S
http://www.healthsquare.com/drugmain.htm
http://www.aoa.dhhs.gov/aoa/pages/agepages/medicine.html
http://www.medicineinfo.com/
http://www.mayoclinic.com
http://www.drugstore.com
http://www.fda.gov/cder/ob/default.htm
http://rxlist.com/
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html
Medical Microbiology - Course Notes:

&Immunology  For undergraduates, ESSENTIAL MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY:
Department theoretical books and practical manual (staff members book, faculty of
medicine, Cairo university), available for students to purchase from the bookshop at
the faculty.
 -Lecture notes
 Warren Levinson: Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Tenth Edition
(LANGE Basic Science) .
 Microbiology: An Introduction, 12th Edition
 Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, and Christine L. Case
- Recommended Books:
 Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology (Review of medical
microbiology)
 Janeway and Travers Immunobiology: The immune system in health and disease
 Fields Virology
Web Site References:
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1. www.asm.org
2. www.virolgy.net/
3. www.pathmicro.med.sc.edu/book/wlcome.htm
4. www.youbundle.com/.../immunolgy-goldsby-immunology
5.http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/microbiology_immunology.html
6. http://www.med.sc.edu:85/book/welcome.htm
7. http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/c2.html
8.http://www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/Big_Virology/BVHomePage.html
9. http://www.hepnet.com/hepb.htm
10. http://whyfiles.org/012mad_cow/7.html
11.http://www.microbelibrary.org/
12. [email protected]
13.http://www.phage.org/black09.htm
14.http://www.microbe.org/microbes/virus_or_bacterium.asp
15.http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/330Lecturettopics
Pathology Course Notes:
 Lectures of pathology staff members
 Department practical books : Color atlases of Gross Pathology and Histopathology CD for
data show slides
 Simon S : Underwood’s pathology a clinical approach 6th ed. (2013).
 Kumar, Vinay, and Abbas, Abul K, and Aster: Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th )ed. (2013).
 www.pathologyoutlines.com
 www.webpathology.com
 www.pathmax.com
 www.pathguy.com
 www.uwo.ca/pathol/resources.html
Medical Parasitology -Course Notes:
 Department Books
-Text Book
-Practical Book
 CD-ROM containing illustrated topics in parasitology (animated parasitology).
 Ash and Orihel`s Atlas of Human Parasitology
 Markell and Voge`s Medical Parasitology
 Parasitology by Blacklock, by Chiodini 11th edition(1999).
National Web site
Parasites online :
http://WWW.parasitesonline.net/homepage.htm
This site is constructed by Dr. Khalifa El Sayed, Assistant professor of Medical
Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo Egypt
International Web site
http://www.asp.unl.edu
Official website of the American Society of Parasitologists. Offer information about the
society and its activities as well as links to relevant parasitological sites.
http://www.parasitology.org.uk/
Official website of the British Society for Parasitology. Offer information about the
society and its activities as well as links to relevant parasitological sites.
http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx
Useful site for the identification and diagnosis of parasites of public health concern. It
provides information about life cycle, geographical distribution, clinical features,
diagnosis and treatment for each of the parasites listed. It also includes a parasite
image gallery.
16
MODULE
http://www.cvm.okstate.edu/~users/jcfox/htdocs/clinpara/index.htm
Website of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology Images created by Professor J.Carl Fox of
Oklahoma State University. An excellent site with images, keys and other interesting
features about parasites.
http://www.parasite.biology.qiowa.edu/
This website contain 2320 images and information about parasites taken from Dr. Herman
Zaiman’s publication “A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites”. Although the site is password
protect, everyone can access it by using the user name “guest and the password visitor”
Molecular Biology Course Notes:
Department Books
-Text Book
-Practical Book
-CD-ROM containing illustrated topics molecular biology (animated different molecular
biology techniques).
-Essential Books (Text Books):
Department Books
Recommended books:
Harpers illustrated biochemistry, lippin coat in bilochemistry and Thomason &devlon in
biochemistry
- Periodicals, Web Sites, etc
National Web site
ONLINE,
https://www.biochemistry.org/
International Web site
https://iubmb.org/
https://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/15393429
http://www.csun.edu/~hcchm001/biosites.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology
OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES
Hands-on Activities/ Practical: Students will be involved in Practical sessions and hands-on
activities that link with the foundation module to enhance the learning.
Labs: utilize the lab to relate the knowledge to the specimens and models
available.
Skills Labs: A skills lab provides the simulators to learn the basic skills and procedures. This
helps build the confidence to approach the patients.
Videos: Video familiarizes the student with the procedures and protocols to assist patients.
Computer Lab/ CDs/ DVDs/ Internet Resources: To increase the knowledge students should
utilize the available internet
resources and CDs/ DVDs. This will be an additional advantage to increase
learning.
Self-Learning: Self Learning is scheduled to search for information to solve cases, read through
different resources and discuss among the peers and with the faculty to clarify the concepts.
17
MODULE
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Formative Assessment:
o On lectures, and practical sessions taught.
o The marks obtained are not included in the internal evaluation.
o To help students assess their own learning as well as practice the different methods
of assessment.
o A feedback will be given to the students.
o A portfolio will be used to follow the students’ performance during formative
assessment
Summative assessment:
A blue print based assessment
o Module examinations: There is a module examination at the end of each module.
The content of the whole teaching of the module are tested in this examination.
The distribution of the questions is based on the Table of Specifications of the
module. At the end of semester there is a practical examination.
o Final examination: At the end of semester, there is a final examination, which
consists of; one or more theory paper based on the contents of each module.
o Written paper:
 There is one or more written paper for each module
 An Integrated assessment using:
 (50-60%) Multiple-choice questions: Single best answer.
 (40-50%) Modified essay questions, wide matching items, Short answer
questions.
o Practical exams:
 OSPE (Objective structured practical examination)
Marks of the module will be divided as follows:
o 30% Module work and examination including;
 Written Assignments
 Presentations
 Students scientific activities
 Theoretical l in-course Assessments (Quiz)
 Practical Assessments
 5% for students Portfolio
o 30% Practical examination
o 40% Final Examination
Portfolio assessment:
Students' work will be selected and organized to show student learning progress.
Portfolio should cover samples of independent work charts, graphs created
18
MODULE
projects, examples, posters, lab reports, research reports, test results and student
reflection.
Portfolio assessment is an essential topic in formative evaluation and has 5% of
modular assessment marks.
19

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1st YEAR MBBS, SEMESTER 2, PRINCIPLES OF DISEASES & BASIC PHARMACOLOGY 2023-2024

STUDENT GUIDE FOR PRINCIPLES OF DISEASES &

S.No CONTENTS Page No

 Module name: Principles of Diseases and basic pharmacology

MODULE INTEGRATION COMMITTEE:

YEAR COORDINATOR: Prof. Dr. Samraa Hussein Abdel-Kawi (Medical

DEPARTMENTS’ & RESOURCE PERSONS’ FACILITATING LEARNING

THE STUDENT GUIDE:

Students will experience an integrated curriculum of 1st and 2nd semesters.

INTEGRATED CURRICULUM comprises of system-based modules such as introductory,

Case-based discussions, computer-based assignments, early exposure to clinics, wards,

o Flipped classroom methodologies

 SELF /INDEPENDENT STUDY:

 FLIPPED CLASSROOM METHODOLOGIES:

MODULE 3: Principles of diseases and basic pharmacology

INTEGRATION DISCPLINES OF PRICIPLES OF

Factors affecting distribution that can affect this process.

 Alpha agonists, Beta-2 agonists receptors.

1. Chemotherapy After completing Chemotherapy, you should be

Medical Microbiology & Immunology Learning Objectives

 Most important bacteria classifications 7. Evaluate, according to evidence, the causal

Pathology Learning objectives

Acute inflammation diseases with their clinical presentation, laboratory

 The gross, histological & clinical

 Define carcinogenesis, procarcinogens,

 different groups of carcinogenic agents

Medical Parasitology Learning Objectives

 Classification of arthropoda 8. Define different types of biological transmission

 Replication 1. Demonstrate honesty, integrity,

SUBJECT LEARNING RESOURCES

Medical Microbiology - Course Notes:

OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES

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