Pitot Tube (Minor Project) by Kamal Joshi
Pitot Tube (Minor Project) by Kamal Joshi
Pitot Tube (Minor Project) by Kamal Joshi
INTRODUTION
Velocity
The velocity an object is defined as the displasment
(covered by it ) per in a particular direction.
The symbol used to represent velocity is “v” (small
character) or “v”
Velocity = Displacment /Time
V= d/t
Unit = m/s
Unit of velocity
𝑽, 𝑽,
Common symbols →
𝒗
SI unit m/s
ft/s
Other units
Dimension LT-1
2
Hydraulic coefficients
Coefficient of contraction
Coefficient of contraction is defined as the ratio of the
area of jet at Vena contracta to the area of orifice
(theoretical area). It is denoted Cc.
Coefficient of Velocity
It is defined as the ratio of actual velocity of jet of fluid at
vena – contracta to the theoretical velocity of jet . The
corfficient of velocity is denoted by Cv The mathematical
expression for Cv is given below
Cv = Va /√2𝑔𝐻
Coefficient of discharge
Coefficient of discharge is defined as the ratio of actual
discharge of fluid to the theoretical discharge. It is
denated by Cd.
Let Qa = Atual discharge
Qth = Theoreical discharge Then
Cd = Qa/Qth
For an orifice Cd = 0.61 to 0.65
Ac 𝑉
Cd = x
𝐴 √2𝑔𝐻
Cd = Cc Cv
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PITOT TUBE
It is a device used to measure the local or point velocity
by measuring the difference between impact pressure
and static pressure. The orifice meter and venture meter
measure the averge velocity of the entire fluid stream,
whereas the point measures the velocity at one point
only.
Fig.1.Pitot Tube
Principle
The basic principle is that if the velocity of
flow at a particular point is reduced to zero (known as
the stagnation point ), the pressure increase due to
conversion of the kinetic energy, into the pressure
energy , and by measuring the increase in the pressure
energy at this point the velocity may be determined.
u = √2𝑔𝐻 …………..(1)
where h0 is the height of the fluid raised in the tube
above the free surface, (h0 + h)is the stagnation pressure
head at point A which consists of a static pressure head
h0 and dynamic pressure head/ impact pressure head h.
Hence, the velocityat my point in the flowing
stream can be determined by dipping the pitot tube to
the required point and measuring the height h of the
fluid raised in the tube above the free surface.
Taking into account the loss of energy, Equation is
modified to yield the actual flow velocity as
u = C √2𝑔𝐻 ………………..(2)
where C is the coefficient of point tube and it is generally
taken as 0.98
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u = √𝟐 𝒈 ∆𝑯 .................(10)
where C is the coefficient of point tube
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u = 𝑪√𝟐 𝒈 ∆𝑯 …………………..(11)
The pitot tube measures the velocity at a point and
hence, it can be used for finding the velocity distribution
across the pipe section. The total flow rate can be
obtained from a single reading (velocity reading) only if
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Disadvantage
External soild in a liquid can simply block the pitot
tube and disturb usual interpretation as a
consequence.
Its accuracyis low.
Its range capability is less.