Induscon 2010 5740015
Induscon 2010 5740015
Induscon 2010 5740015
- INDUSCON 2010 -
Abstract— The need for solid-state ac-dc converters to other hand, active methods come as a more efficient solution
improve power quality in terms of power-factor correction by using controlled solid-state switches in association with
(PFC), reduced total harmonic distortion at input ac mains, and
precisely regulated dc output have motivated the proposal of passive elements such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors.
several topologies based on classical converters such as buck, In fact, the closed-loop operation of the static power
boost, and buck-boost. Additionally, novel control techniques converter dedicated to PFC assures satisfactory performance
dedicated to PFC have also been introduced, motivating the with high input PF and regulated dc output voltage over a
manufacturing of commercial integrated circuits to impose wide operating range. Increased complexity and reduced
sinusoidal currents in the front-end stage of switch-mode
converters. Boost converters operating in continuous current robustness are distinct characteristics of this practice though.
mode (CCM) have become particularly popular because reduced In order to meet the requirements in the proposed standards
electromagnetic interference (EMI) levels result from its such as IEC 61000-3-2 and IEEE Std 519 on the quality of
utilization. Within this context, this work deals with a the input current that can be drawn by low-power equipment,
comprehensive review of some of the most relevant ac-dc single- a PFC circuit is typically added as a front end stage. The
phase boost converters for PFC applications. The evolution of
the conventional boost converter is demonstrated in terms of boost PFC circuit operating in continuous conduction mode
improved characteristics achieved by other boost-based (CCM) is by far the popular choice for medium and high
topologies. Besides, it seeks to establish a fast and concise guide power (400 W to a few kilowatts) application. This is because
on ac-dc boost converters to researchers and experts in power the continuous nature of the boost converter’s input current
electronics by comparing the topologies. results in low conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Index Terms— ac-dc converters, boost converter, harmonics, compared to other active PFC topologies such as buck–boost
power factor correction. and buck converters.
Several issues must be taken into account to determine
I. INTRODUCTION which type of static power converter is the most
Ac–dc conversion of electric power is widely used in recommended for a given application, such as robustness,
several applications such as adjustable-speed drives (ASDs), power density, efficiency, cost, and complexity. Within this
switch-mode power supplies (SMPSs), uninterrupted power context, numerous boost-type topologies have been proposed
supplies (UPSs), and battery energy storage. Conventionally, in the last few years with the aim of improving the
ac–dc converters, also known as rectifiers, are developed characteristics of the traditional converter used for PFC
using diodes and thyristors to provide uncontrolled and purposes, such as the reverse recovery problem of the boost
controlled dc power with unidirectional and bidirectional diode [1] [2] and increase of the output voltage [3].
power flow. Major drawbacks include poor power quality in The search for novel topologies comes as an imminent
terms of injected current harmonics; resulting voltage effort to introduce high PF rectifiers with reduced harmonic
distortion, poor power factor at input ac mains, and slow content of the input current, minimized EMI levels, high
varying rippled dc output at load end; low efficiency and efficiency, reduced size of magnetics, and increased
large size of ac and dc filters. robustness. Considering this motivation, this paper aims to
Reduction of harmonic content with the consequent present and summarize the characteristics of several single-
increase of power factor (PF) can be obtained by using either phase boost-based topologies dedicated to PFC. Key aspects
passive or active power factor correction (PFC) techniques. regarding each structure are investigated such as complexity,
Passive methods include the use of tuned LC filters, what conduction losses, inductor size, and output voltage gain. The
represents a robust solution. However, increased size, weight, study is based on the careful analysis of several works
and volume result. Besides, the passive filter may not respond available in the literature and intends to be consolidated as a
adequately if the load power factor comes to vary. On the fast and concise guide for researchers that are eventually
interested in using boost topologies for PFC applications.
Table I
Comparison of some PFC boost-type converters
Parameter Ac-Dc Boost Topologies
CBC SBBC IBC B3LBC HBBC VDBC3SSC
Number of boost inductors 1 1 2 1 1 1
Size of each boost inductor L L L/2 L L/16
Total output voltage Vo Vo Vo 2⋅Vo Vo 2⋅Vo
Maximum number of semiconductor elements in
3 2 3 2 1 2
the current path
Existence of diode bridge Yes No Yes No No No
Number of active switches 1 2 2 2 2 4
Number of boost diodes 1 2 2 2 0 4
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