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Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1)

Thursday 25 May 2023
Morning (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper
reference 1PH0/1H
Physics  

PAPER 1
Higher Tier

You must have: Total Marks

Calculator, ruler, Equation Booklet (enclosed)

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centrethe
Fill in boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• structure
In questions marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to
your answer logically, showing how the points that you make are related
or follow on from each other where appropriate.
• A list of equations is included at the end of this exam paper.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over

P72573A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
N:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
*P72573A0132*
 Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 Figure 1 shows a bat and its prey.

not to scale

bat prey

Figure 1

The bat emits a high frequency sound pulse to locate its prey.
The speed of sound in air is 330 m / s.
(a) The wavelength of the sound is 11 mm.
Calculate the frequency of the sound.
(2)
Use the equation

v=f×λ

frequency = .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz

(b) The pulse returns to the bat after a time of 18 ms.

Calculate the distance from the bat to its prey.
(4)

distance = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)

2
*P72573A0232* 
 BLANK PAGE

3
 *P72573A0332* Turn over
2 (a) Which of these is a scalar quantity?
(1)
A acceleration

B distance

C force

D weight

(b) A student has some cupcake cases.

One cupcake case is shown in Figure 2.

(Source: © Anton Starikov/Shutterstock)

Figure 2

The student drops a stack of cupcake cases with the base facing downwards,
as shown in Figure 3.

(Source: © Elena Schweitzer/Shutterstock)

Figure 3

The speed of the falling stack of cupcake cases depends on the number of
cupcake cases in the stack.

4
*P72573A0432* 
 (i) The student also has a stop clock and a metre rule.
Describe an investigation to show how the speed of the falling stack of
cupcake cases depends on the number of cupcake cases in the stack.
(4)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) A stack of cupcake cases has a mass of 0.005 kg.

Calculate the weight, in newtons, of the stack of cupcake cases.
Gravitational field strength = 10 N / kg
(2)
Use the equation

W = mg

weight = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

5
 *P72573A0532* Turn over
 Figure 4 shows a cupcake case that is falling at a constant velocity.

cupcake case

weight

Figure 4

(iii) Draw an arrow on Figure 4 to show the force due to air resistance on the
cupcake case.
(1)
(iv) State the value of the acceleration of the cupcake case when it is falling at a
constant velocity.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)

6
*P72573A0632* 
3 (a) Figure 5 shows a football kicked against a wall.

solid wall

football

Figure 5

The football has a mass of 0.42 kg.

(i) The football gains 11 J of gravitational potential energy as it moves from the
ground to the wall.
Calculate the height at which the ball hits the wall.
(3)
Gravitational field strength = 10 N / kg
Use the equation

∆GPE = m × g × ∆h

height = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

(ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the football when it is moving at a velocity
of 12 m / s.
(2)
Use the equation

1
KE = × m × v2
2

kinetic energy = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

7
 *P72573A0732* Turn over
 (iii) Describe the energy transfers that happen when the ball hits the wall.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(b) A stone is held at rest above the ground.

The stone is released and falls until its velocity is 17 m / s.
Calculate the distance the stone has fallen when its velocity has reached 17 m / s.
(2)

distance = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

8
*P72573A0832* 
4 (a) Figure 6 shows two objects, E and D.

D E

Figure 6

E emits a sound.
D detects the sound.
E is moving in the direction shown by the arrow, but D is not moving.
E emits a sound of wavelength 1.86 m.
D measures the wavelength of this sound as 1.98 m.
(i) Calculate the difference between the wavelength that E emits and the
wavelength that D detects.
(1)

difference in wavelength = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

(ii) The velocity of sound is 330 m / s.

Calculate the velocity of E.
(2)
Use the equation
velocity of sound × difference in wavelength
velocity of E =
wavelength E emits

velocity of E = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m / s

9
 *P72573A0932* Turn over
 (b) The wavelength of light emitted from distant galaxies is different when the light is
detected on Earth.
Explain how this difference in wavelength shows that the Universe is expanding.
(2)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) CMB radiation provides evidence that the Universe had a definite beginning.
Use the table in Figure 7 to give a typical value for the wavelength of
CMB radiation.

type of radiation typical wavelength

gamma rays    1.0 × 10–12 m

X-rays    3.0 × 10–11 m

ultraviolet   200 nm

visible   600 nm

infrared   4.0 μm

microwaves   1.0 mm

radio waves   50 m

Figure 7
(2)

wavelength = ....................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(d) During the evolution of a star, the nebula collapses and becomes a main
sequence star.
(i) State what causes the nebula to collapse.
(1)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10
*P72573A01032* 
 (ii) Explain why the nebula stops collapsing as it becomes a main sequence star.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

11
 *P72573A01132* Turn over
 5 Figure 8 is a velocity/time graph for a lift moving upwards in a tall building.

6
5
4
3
2
velocity in m / s

1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
–1
time in s
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6

Figure 8

(a) For what length of time is the lift at rest during the first 16 s?
(1)
A 1.4 s

B 3.0 s

C 3.6 s

D 4.0 s

(b) Use the graph in Figure 8 to determine the maximum velocity of the lift during
the first 16 s.
(1)

maximum velocity = ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m / s

(c) Use the graph in Figure 8 to determine the acceleration of the lift during the
first 1.4 s.
(3)

acceleration = ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m / s2

12
*P72573A01232* 
 (d) Use the graph in Figure 8 to determine the distance that the lift travelled during
the first 6.0 s.
(3)

distance = ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

(e) At 18 s, the lift starts to move downwards.

Sketch a line on the graph in Figure 8 to show the lift moving downwards
after 18 s.
(1)

(Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)

13
 *P72573A01332* Turn over
 BLANK PAGE

14
*P72573A01432* 
6 (a) Figure 9 shows two technicians, L and M, measuring the speed of sound in air.

120 m
L M

Figure 9

L fires a starting pistol.

M starts a stopwatch when first seeing the smoke from the starting pistol.
M stops the stopwatch when hearing the bang made by the starting pistol.

The distance between L and M is 120 m.

M’s reaction time is 0.23 s.
The speed of sound in air is 330 m / s.
(i) Calculate M’s reaction time as a percentage of the time sound takes to travel
from L to M.
(3)

.............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %
(ii) Which of these would improve the technicians’ measurement of the speed
of sound?
(1)
A Use a firework ‘banger’ instead of the starting pistol.

B Use a stop clock that measures time in minutes.

C Increase the distance between L and M.

D Decrease the distance between L and M.

15
 *P72573A01532* Turn over
 (b) Figure 10 shows the difference in refraction of sound waves and light waves when
these waves travel from air into water.

sound light

air air

water water

Figure 10

Explain why the refraction of the sound wave is different from the refraction of
the light wave in Figure 10.
(3)

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16
*P72573A01632* 
 (c) Light is one example of an electromagnetic wave.
Light can transfer energy from a lamp to the leaf of a plant, causing chemical
reactions in the leaf.
Describe examples of two other electromagnetic waves transferring energy.
(4)

1 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)

17
 *P72573A01732* Turn over
7 (a) Figure 11 is the symbol for a nucleus of americium-241.

241
95
Am
Figure 11

Americium-241 is a radioactive isotope of americium.

Americium-241 decays by emitting alpha (α) particles.
(i) Which of these is the symbol for another radioactive isotope of americium?
(1)

A Am
241
97

B Am
243
96

C Am
245
95

D Am
247
94

(ii) Which of these is the approximate maximum distance that alpha particles can
travel in air at normal atmospheric pressure?
(1)

A 5 mm

B 5 cm

C 5m
D 5 km

(iii) Complete the equation in Figure 12 for americium-241 decaying into

neptunium (Np).
(3)

................ ................

241
95
Am → ................
α + ................
Np
Figure 12

18
*P72573A01832* 
 (b) The activity of a radioactive source is measured as 128 Bq.
This is shown as a point on the graph in Figure 13.
(3)

140

120

100

80
activity in Bq
60

40

20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
time in s

Figure 13

The half-life of this radioactive source is 17 s.

Use this information to plot three more points on the graph grid in Figure 13 to
show how the activity of the source changes with time.
(c) Describe what happens in the nucleus of an atom when a positron is emitted.
(2)

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(Total for Question 7 = 10 marks)

19
 *P72573A01932* Turn over
8 (a) A student does an experiment to determine the critical angle for glass.
The student shines a ray of light into a semicircular glass block and measures the
angles i and r, as shown in Figure 14.

X ray of light
glass block

Figure 14

(i) The ray of light does not change direction when it enters the glass block at
point X.
Which of these explains why the ray of light does not change direction when
it enters the glass block at point X.
(1)
A The ray enters along a normal to the edge of the block.

B The ray enters at right angles to a normal to the edge of the block.

C The ray speeds up as it enters the glass.

D The ray slows down as it enters the glass.

20
*P72573A02032* 
 (ii) The student repeats the procedure for different values of angle i.
Figure 15 is a graph of the student’s results.

100

80

60
angle r in °
40

20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
angle i in °

Figure 15

Describe how the student should use the graph in Figure 15 to determine the
critical angle for glass.
(3)

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21
 *P72573A02132* Turn over
 (b) Figure 16 shows two iron spheres, P and Q, near to a radiant heater.
P is painted black and Q is painted white.

Figure 16

Each sphere is the same distance away from the heater.

The spheres have the same radius.
The heater is switched on and the spheres heat up.
The temperature of each sphere is monitored.
(i) Explain why the temperature of sphere P increases at a faster rate than the
temperature of sphere Q.
(2)

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(ii) The heater remains switched on.

Figure 17 shows how the temperature of sphere P changes with time.

temperature

0 time

Figure 17

22
*P72573A02232* 
 Explain why the temperature of P reaches a constant value, even though the
heater remains switched on.
(4)

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(Total for Question 8 = 10 marks)

23
 *P72573A02332* Turn over
9 (a) An atom of mass 6.6 × 10–26 kg is moving with a velocity of 480 m / s.
Calculate the momentum of the atom.
(3)

momentum = .............................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg m / s

(b) Figure 18 shows a ball before and after it collides with a wall.
The arrows show the direction of movement of the ball.

wall wall

before collision after collision

Figure 18

Before the collision, the momentum of the ball is 0.80 kg m / s.

After the collision, the momentum of the ball is 0.60 kg m / s in the
opposite direction.
The ball is in contact with the wall for a time of 70 ms during the collision.
Calculate the force exerted on the ball by the wall.
(3)
Use an equation selected from the list of equations at the end of the paper.

force = ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N

24
*P72573A02432* 
 *(c) Newton’s second law can be stated as

force = mass × acceleration

A student is provided with a trolley and a runway on a bench, as shown in
Figure 19, and access to other equipment.

trolley

runway

bench

Figure 19

Describe a procedure the student could use to investigate how the acceleration of
the trolley depends on the force applied to the trolley.
You may add to the diagram in Figure 19 to help your answer.
(6)

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(Total for Question 9 = 12 marks)

25
 *P72573A02532* Turn over
10 (a) Figure 20 shows a Mars rover, a vehicle used for exploring the surface of
the planet Mars.

(Source: © BEST-BACKGROUNDS/Shutterstock)

Figure 20
The power supply in a Mars rover is called an RTG.
The RTG contains a radioactive isotope that releases thermal energy as it decays.
The RTG uses the thermal energy released in the decay to provide electrical
power for the rover.
(i) An RTG has an efficiency rating of only 7%.
Calculate the useful energy transferred by the RTG when 1300 J of thermal
energy is released in the decay.
(2)
Use the equation
useful energy transferred by the device 
efficiency = × 100%
 total energy supplied to the device 

useful energy transferred = ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

(ii) Suggest, with a reason, one property the isotope must have to be suitable for
use in the RTG.
(2)

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26
*P72573A02632* 
 (b) Figure 21 shows the fission of a uranium nucleus.

Nuclear fission free neutron

free neutron free neutron

uranium nucleus

free neutron

(Source: adapted from © 1501926062/Shutterstock)

Figure 21

The total mass of all the particles after the reaction is less than the total mass of
the particles before the reaction.
The energy released in the reaction comes from the change in mass.
This is shown in the equation

energy released = (change in mass) × (speed of light)2

The energy released in one fission reaction = 1.49 × 10–10 J.
The speed of light = 3.00 × 108 m / s.
Calculate the change in mass.
(3)

change in mass = ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kg

27
 *P72573A02732* Turn over
 *(c) The energy released in a single uranium fission is very small.
In a nuclear power station, the fission of uranium in the reactor releases large
amounts of energy.
The energy released is enough to generate electricity for thousands of homes.
The demand for electricity varies.
Explain
• how large amounts of energy can be released in the reactor
• how the rate of energy release is controlled as the demand for
electricity varies.
(6)

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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 10 = 13 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 100 MARKS

28
*P72573A02832* 
Equations

(final velocity)2 – (initial velocity)2 = 2 × acceleration × distance

v2 – u2 = 2 × a × x
force = change in momentum ÷ time
( mv  mu )
F
t

energy transferred = current × potential difference × time

E=I×V×t
force on a conductor at right angles to a magnetic field carrying a current = magnetic flux density ×
current × length

F=B×I×l
potential difference across primary coil number of turns in primary coil
=
potential differencce across secondary coil number of turns in secondary coil
Vp Np
=
Vs Ns

potential difference across primary coil × current in primary coil = potential difference across
secondary coil × current in secondary coil

Vp × Ip = Vs × Is

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × change in temperature

ΔQ = m × c × Δθ
thermal energy for a change of state = mass × specific latent heat

Q=m × L
P1 V1 = P2 V2
to calculate pressure or volume for gases of fixed mass at constant temperature
energy transferred in stretching = 0.5 × spring constant × (extension)2

E = ½ × k × x2
pressure due to a column of liquid = height of column × density of liquid × gravitational field
strength

P=h×ρ×g

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 Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1)
May–June 2023 Assessment Window
Paper
reference 1PH0/1H
Physics
 

PAPER 1
Higher Tier
Equation Booklet
Do not return this Booklet with the question paper.

Turn over

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©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.

N:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/
If you’re taking GCSE (9–1) Combined Science or GCSE (9–1) Physics, you will need
these equations:
HT = higher tier

distance travelled = average speed × time

acceleration = change in velocity ÷ time taken a

v  u 
t

force = mass × acceleration F=m×a

weight = mass × gravitational field strength W=m×g

HT momentum = mass × velocity p=m×v

change in gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational

∆GPE = m × g × ∆h
field strength × change in vertical height
1
kinetic energy = 1/2 × mass × (speed)2 KE   m  v 2
2

useful energy transferred by the device 

efficiency =
 total energy supplied to the device 
wave speed = frequency × wavelength v=f×λ

x
wave speed = distance ÷ time v=
t

work done = force × distance moved in the direction of the force E=F×d

E
power = work done ÷ time taken P=
t

energy transferred = charge moved × potential difference E=Q×V

charge = current × time Q=I×t

potential difference = current × resistance V=I×R

E
power = energy transferred ÷ time taken P=
t

electrical power = current × potential difference P=I×V

electrical power = (current)2 × resistance P = I2 × R

m
density = mass ÷ volume ρ=
V

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 force exerted on a spring = spring constant × extension F=k×x

(final velocity)2 – (initial velocity)2 = 2 × acceleration × distance v2 − u2 = 2 × a × x

HT force = change in momentum ÷ time F

 mv  mu 
t

energy transferred = current × potential difference × time E=I×V×t

force on a conductor at right angles to a magnetic field

HT F=B×I×l
carrying a current = magnetic flux density × current × length
For transformers with 100% efficiency, potential difference across
primary coil × current in primary coil = potential difference V P × IP = VS × IS
across secondary coil × current in secondary coil
change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity ×
∆Q = m × c × ∆θ
change in temperature
thermal energy for a change of state = mass × specific latent
Q=m×L
heat

energy transferred in stretching = 0.5 × spring constant × 1

E   k  x2
(extension)2 2

If you’re taking GCSE (9–1) Physics, you also need these extra equations:

moment of a force = force × distance normal to the direction

of the force
F
pressure = force normal to surface ÷ area of surface P=
A

potential difference across primary coil number of turns in primary coil Vp Np

HT = =
potential differencce across secondary coil number of turns in secondary coil VS NS

to calculate pressure or volume for gases of fixed mass at constant

P1 × V1 = P2 × V2
temperature
pressure due to a column of liquid = height of column × density of
HT P=h×ρ×g
liquid × gravitational field strength

END OF EQUATION LIST

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