Sampurasun e-Journal Vol 01, No. 01.

December 2015

CULTURAL MAPPING AS A TOOL IN HERITAGE CONSERVATION

IN A WORLD HERITAGE SITE: THE VIGAN CITY EXPERIENCE

Marie Rose Q. Rabang

College of Public Administration, University of Northern Philippines

Vigan City, Philippines
[email protected]

Abstract
This paper presents how Vigan utilized cultural mapping as a tool in heritage conservation. It discusses the
importance of cultural mapping and the process of documentation , the results of the hands-on cultural mapping
activities in terms of documented resources, and the ensuing projects along heritage conservation that were
adopted by the City Government of Vigan. The cultural mapping project covered four components of the
heritage: natural heritage, built heritage, movable heritage and intangible heritage. The cultural mapping
yielded ten volumes of documentation which were submitted to the local government of Vigan and were later
exhibited at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila and at the Vigan Cultural Trade Center.Cultural heritage
conservation projects ensued from the cultural mapping such as the Buridek: Vigan Children’s Museum, Vigan
Heritage River Cruise and the UNESCO World Heritage City of Vigan Philippines Heritage Homeowner’s
Preservation Manual.

Keywords: Cultural Mapping, Cultural Heritage, Heritage Conservation, World Heritage Site, Vigan City

1. Introduction Heritage Site, Vigan as a living museum has been

host to visitors from all over.
The confluence of cultures in Vigan from pre-
colonial era to the present time makes the island a Bigan (the old name of Vigan) was already an
valuable educational site and tourist destination. important trading post even before the coming of
the Spaniards to its shores. Don Juan de Salcedo,
With its unique blend of Asian and European
the Spanish conquistador, established the Spanish
influences in its architecture and its gridlike layout settlement of Villa Fernandina in Bigan in June
of a Spanish pueblo, the United Nations 13, 15722. It flourished during the colonial era and
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization became the third most important city after Manila
(UNESCO) enlisted Vigan as a World Heritage and Cebu. It was the economic, political, religious
Site on December 2, 1999. The historic town of and cultural center in the northern part of Luzon.
Vigan met two criteria for inscription: “1) it
The bishops of Nueva Segovia preferred Vigan as
represents a unique fusion of Asian building design residence over Lal-lo in Cagayan which was
and construction with European colonial frequently flooded then. When the seat of the
architecture and planning, and 2) it is an diocese was transferred from the City of Nueva
exceptionally intact and well-preserved example of Segovia in Lal-lo, Cagayan to Vigan by Decree
a European trading town in East and Southeast of September 7, 1758, Vigan automatically earned
Asia”1. Vigan is regarded as a “site of exceptional the title Ciudad Fernandina de Vigan3. It lost its
universal value” and since it became a World
2
Vigan News, July-September 2001
reprinted in Samtoy, July-September 2001,
1
R. L. Favis. “Why the Historic Town of p.14.
Vigan was Inscribed in the World Heritage
3
List.” Samtoy, April-June 2000, pp. 4 -7. M.A. Foronda, Jr. and J.A. Foronda. “The Age of
Preparation 1 The Coming of the Spaniards to

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cityhood during the American period but regained This paper discusses cultural mapping as a tool for
it on January 22, 2001 through a plebiscite. Since heritage conservation in Vigan City, its purposes,
then it had to attend to issues of keeping pace with the cultural mapping methodology undertaken by
modernization while facing its own development
the City Government, outputs of the cultural
needs as well as responding to the needs of its
citizens and visitors. mapping and the cultural programs and projects
that ensued from the cultural mapping.

The two developments – enlistment of Vigan as a This paper used a qualitative approach to data
UNESCO World Heritage Site and regaining its collection, in particular library research, documents
Cityhood—continue to impact on the Bigueño’s review, interview, ocular survey, photo
way of life and endanger the City’s heritage. documentation and personal experience of the
paper presenter as a participant in the cultural
2. Significance of the Study mapping project.

UNESCO Representative Richard Englehart posed This paper is based on the cultural mapping project
the challenge of cultural conservation to all conducted by the City Government of Vigan in
Bigueños as stewards of the world patrimony 2006 to 2007.
during the unveiling of the World Heritage Site
historical marker on April 30, 20004. 3.1. Cultural Mapping

The threats to Vigan’s cultural heritage are Cultural mapping is the process of identifying and
aggravated by the influx of visitors immediately systematically documenting the heritage resources
after the announcement that Vigan qualified as one distinct to a community. This approach uses the
of the Seven Wonders Cities of the World on idea of recording various layers of information,
December 7, 2014. historical and current, about an area in a map
format5. The cultural mapping project was adopted
Vigan now must all the more face squarely the as a facilitative way of coming up with an
foregoing challenges to its heritage. The inventory of the heritage
documentation of its cultural wealth through
cultural mapping conducted in 2006 to 2007 could resources of Vigan City.
provide some of the information needed for the
crafting of a more relevant cultural conservation
program that would ensure the authenticity of its
cultural heritage.

This paper could be a source of information for

other places that are of historic and cultural values.
They may want to replicate the Vigan City
experience in conducting a cultural mapping
project as a basis in the crafting of their own
heritage conservation program.

3. Related Literature

Ilocos.” Samtoy: Essays on Iloko History and

Culture. Manila: De La Salle College, 1972.

5
A. Warr. “Cultural Mapping.” In Place. The
4 Commonwealth Department and the Arts, 1995.
M.R.Q. Rabang. “Notes from the Editor” Handout for the Cultural Mapping Project, Vigan
Samtoy, April-June 2000. City, 2006

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 Sampurasun e-Journal Vol 01, No. 01. December 2015

The World Heritage Convention has categorized

heritage into cultural heritage and natural heritage.
The former are of two types: tangible heritage and
intangible heritage.

Heritage that can be touched are tangible heritage.

This category includes immovable heritage such as
architectural works, monuments, archaeological
sites, historic centers, groups of buildings, cultural
landscapes, historical parks and gardens, botanical
gardens and industrial archaeology.

Movable heritage can easily be transferred from

one place to another. This includes museum
collections, libraries, archives and other
collections.

Intangible heritage, on the other hand, exists in

Figure 1. The Cultural Mapping Framework
non-physical forms as music, dance, literature,
The documentation can serve as basis in the theatre, local expressions such as traditions, know-
formulation of cultural conservation projects and how, crafts and religious ceremonies.
activities.
Natural heritage includes 1) natural features and 2)
natural sites. The first type are physical and
biological formations, geological and
3.2. Cultural Heritage physiographical formations and which constitute
the habitat of threatened species of animals and
Cultural heritage are valuable resources passed on plants of outstanding universal value from the point
from past and present generations to the succeeding of view of science and conservation. Natural sites
generations. include areas of outstanding universal value .

Former Chair of the National Commission for To the World Heritage Convention, a cultural
Culture and the Arts, Evelyn B. Pantig, stresses the heritage must have outstanding universal value,
importance of cultural heritage as a landmark of that means “cultural and/or natural significance
human creativity and excellence, to which the which is so exceptional as to transcend national
Bigueños must constantly direct their heritage boundaries and to be of common importance for
conservation efforts, present and future generations of all humanity” 7.

Pantig said that in this fast changing world, The foregoing related literature would provide
cultural heritage gives people their identity, what understanding on the classification of Vigan City’s
their lives mean and where they came from. heritage.
Heritage buildings, monuments and sites, artworks
and artifacts as well as languages, customs, 4. Results and Discussion
communal practices and traditional skills are fast
becoming the essential means of expressing
identity and meaning for local communities, 7
regions, nations and mankind as a whole 6.
UNESCO and Institute for Tourism
Studies, Macao, S.A.R., China. Cultural
Heritage Specialist Guide Training and
Certification Programme for UNESCO
6
E. B. Pantig. “Importance of Cultural Heritage.” Word Heritage Sites. Training Handbook
Samtoy. April-June 2003, p. 21 (Core Module), June 2007.

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Sampurasun e-Journal Vol 01, No. 01. December 2015

4.1. Purposes of Cultural Mapping World Heritage inscription is very

prestigious, for it brings international
The cultural mapping project of Vigan was recognition of the site as having universal
intended to accomplish certain objectives along value, as a heritage worthy of protection
with the documentation, “Cultural mapping raises and preservation for humanity as a whole.
the awareness of stakeholders on the heritage However, along with this prestige come
resources and it could generate valuable the obligations and duties of the State
information as basis for conservation planning, Parties, made more difficult as population
development and legislation. More importantly, it explodes, industries develop,
could generate valuable interest in a broader sector environments degrade, and mass tourism
beyond the community such as the academe, the overwhelms the sites.
government, the business sector, and civil society8.
The collection of information was hoped to 4.2. Cultural Mapping Methodology
facilitate the integration of cultural heritage in
education for transmission of the cultural values to The cultural mapping project of Vigan was
the younger generations who seemingly lack implemented on the basis of a Memorandum of
consciousness of their heritage. Furthermore, the Agreement in 2006 between the City Government
documentation could help in the generation of represented by City Mayor Ferdinand C. Medina
product ideas that could be offered to visitors and and the University of Santo Tomas Center for
which would provide a means of livelihood to the Conservation of Cultural Property and
residents while boosting the local economy. In this Environment in the Tropics (CCCPET) represented
way, the Bigueños would participate more by Rev. Father Isidro C. Abaño, Director. The
meaningfully in the cultural exchange with visitors CCCPET was the training partner who provided the
and hopefully would deepen the former’s team of lecturers.
commitment to conserving Vigan’s heritage.
4.2.1. Participants
The purposes of the cultural mapping are in line
Twenty one (21) participants were selected to
with the City’s stewardship of the UNESCO
undergo training and do actual documentation.
World Heritage Site, which Favis9 who has worked
Representatives came from the City Council and
with UNESCO Bangkok echoes in his article on
City employees, Department of Education,
the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. He
University of Northern Philippines, Tawid ti Ilocos
explains the commitment of State Parties which
Foundation, Dadapilan, media, religious sector,
was agreed upon during the General Conference of
professionals and other cultural workers.
UNESCO on November 16, 1972:
Craftsmen and residents also supported the project
Being listed in the World Heritage List as resource persons.
requires long-term commitment on the
4.2.2. Phases of the project
part of the Government and on the people
of the country where the site is located. The cultural mapping project consisted of two
phases: 1) training on heritage documentation from
8 July to December 2006 and 2) hands-on cultural
Cultural Mapping Project of the Heritage City of
mapping from November 2006 to January 2007.
Vigan. Exhibit. Vigan Culturre and Trade Center,
Vigan City, January-March 2008. The training was comprised of ten modules that
included lectures on heritage, techniques of
9
R. L. Favis. “The UNESCO World Heritage documentation, principles of heritage conservation,
Convention Understanding and Implementing the policy, strategy and planning, organization and
Convention Concerning the Protection of the mobilization, product development, heritage and
World Cultural and Natural Heritage.” Samtoy, education, tourism and education, and heritage
July-September 2000, p. 6-8, 11 marketing.

Lectures were held in the mornings and workshops

in the afternoons on Fridays and Saturdays. The

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trainees were also brought to historical and cultural inscriptions, present condition, and relation to other
sites and were shown the outputs of cultural objects.
mapping done in Ilocos Norte. Assignments were
given after every module such as the review of Two templates were used for intangible heritage
legislation on cultural conservation, integration of because of the variety of resources: one for general
heritage in the curriculum, planning the re-use of a use and another for personalities. The template for
heritage site, assessment of an ancestral house, general use includes name of the resource, kind of
product design using heritage resources and sample resource (whether music, dance, cuisine, etc.),
documentation of heritage resources. location, season/period, process, costume, chants,
vocabulary, bibliography, photographs/illustrations.
4.2.3. Scope of the Cultural Mapping For personalities, the template includes the name,
place of birth, date of birth, residence/address,
The participants were divided into four groups to parents, spouse, children, brothers/sisters,
conduct hands-on cultural mapping or actual achievements and contributions, significance,
documentation of heritage resources after the photographs, related bibliography.
training. They were grouped according to the
category of resources to document: 1) natural Various ways of obtaining information appropriate
heritage, 2) built heritage, 3) movable heritage and to the heritage resource were done as follows:
4) intangible heritage. The mapping included all ocular survey, photo documentation, interview,
heritage resources in the poblacion (city proper) library research, document analysis, illustrations.
and the barangays (villages) that could be covered Maps and photographs, both oldest and more recent
within the limited period of actual documentation ones if available and related literature were
(November 2006 to January 2007). collected/photocopied and attached to the
templates/forms .
4.2.4. Data Gathering Tools

During the workshop, each group was given a

briefing on the templates/documentation forms and 4.3. Outputs of Cultural Mapping
how to use them in the actual documentation. The
templates were those used by CCCPET. The Within a period of two months and working only
trainees reviewed the templates/forms and revised during their vacant time, the cultural mapping
them to include other important information related groups were able to submit 10 volumes of
to the heritage resources. documentation to10 the CCCPET which exhibited
them at the UST Museum of Arts and Sciences on
The template for natural heritage includes the October 16-30, 200711. After the exhibition, the
name/other name/s of the resource, its location, outputs were turned over to the City Government
physical features, significance, flora and fauna in of Vigan who also exhibited them during the 2008
the site, maps and pictures. City Fiesta in January. The exhibit ran to the end
of March 2008.
For built heritage, the template includes
name/historic name/other name of the resource,
special features, historical significance, physical
10
description of façade, interiors, materials and Cultural Mapping of the Heritage City
decorative features; also ownership, location and of Vigan (10 vols.) Output of the Cultural
approach, usage in the past and present, state or
Mapping Project, Vigan City, 2007
preservation, condition description, designer, date
of construction, maps, plans and pictures. 11
“Mapping of the Past, Charting the Future: The
For movable heritage, the template includes Cultural Mapping of the Heritage City of Vigan.”
title/name of resource, popular name, object Exhibit. University of Santo Tomas, Manila,
category, artist/maker, theme, medium and November 16-30, 2007.
techniques, period/year, nature of acquisition,
material, color, dimension, functional description,

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The outputs were as follows: 10)Vigan Central School (Gabaldon) – American

structure that was used as a camp and hospital
4.3.1. Natural heritage – one volume that includes during World War I and World War II
rivers, hills, flora and fauna found in the river
banks, shore and quarry. Among them are 11)Ong Kai Dragon Kiln – a brick kiln where the
burnay (jar) is fired
1)Abra River - gateway to Vigan from Manila
12)Colonial Period Monuments – one brick marker
2)South China Sea (now West Philippine Sea) and between Cuta and Pagpandayan and another
Mindoro Beach – passageway for traders to between the San Jose-San Julian Road and Vigan-
Cagayan in earlier era Raois Road
3)Mestizo River – entry point of early traders and 13)Sentry House – the only remaining sentry of its
Juan Salcedo who founded Villa Fernandina de kind
Vigan on June 13, 1572
14)Municipal Jail (1657)/Provincial Jail – oldest
4)Govantes River – a trade and transportation route surviving structure in Vigan
in the l5th to 19th c.
15)Tombs I – IX – century-old tombs made of
5)Pagbantayan (Mira Hills) – highest place in bricks with superb architectural designs, moldings,
Vigan, where a watchman was assigned to sight for sculptures and other decorative features
incoming ships and pirates in past eras
4.3.3. Movable Heritage – one volume on heritage
4.3.2. Built heritage – one volume on 48 structures resources housed in the Museo San
that include ancestral houses, government Pablo/Conversion of St. Paul Cathedral which
buildings, churches and cemeteries, among which include
are:
1)furniture, pews, cathedra confessional boxes
1)Adora Ancestral House – the only surviving
century old kalapaw (hut) 2)chandeliers

2)Don Ladislao Donato Granary – one of the oldest 3)statues and other religious icons
commercial structures
4)carved religious images
3)Don Gregorio Syquia House – the only two-
storey brick and masonry structure at the Gremio 5)framed photographs
de Naturales (section where the natives resided)
6)framed paintings of saints
4)Don Eugenio Singson House – two-storey solid
7)molded art: Stations of the Cross
brick stone structure with original clay roof tiles
8)Tabernacle
5)Don Leocadio Sebastian House – small wood and
brick house 9)other fixtures such as altar table, main retablo,
pulpits and choir loft
6)Don Juan Gonzales Ancestral House (1788 – also
known as Father Burgos House – birthplace of 4.3.4. Intangible Heritage – seven volumes, some
Father Jose Burgos, hero and martyr of the resources are:
7)Doña Felipa F. Florentino House (c. 1860) – was 1)Technology – abel (local cloth) weaving, burnay
used as supply depot of the katipuneros (jar) making, damili (pottery)
(revolutionaries against the Spaniards)
2)Food – dudol (rice custard), miki (flat noodles),
8)Don Jose Gabriel Florentino House – was used as empanada (rice pastry with vegetable, egg and
the Vigan Christian Hospital in 1899-1938 meat filling), pinakbet (vegetable stew cooked with
little broth), sinanglao (innards and beef stew),
9)Protestant Church – constructed in 1901

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dinengdeng (vegetable stew with generous amount Practice in Vigan” (Rhoda Rivada Redulla), “Why
of broth) the Historic Town of Vigan was inscribed in the
World Heritage List” (Ricardo L. Favis)
3)Festivals – Solidarity Day (September 7),
Semana Santa (Holy Week), Viva Vigan Festival 8)Beliefs and rituals to ward off harmful spirits
(First week of May), Tres de Mayo (Feast of the
Black Nazarene, May 3) 9)Games – sikki (catching stones with the palm and
back of the hand), lastiko (rubber bands), bending,
4)Music – includes songs traditionally sang as folk (carrying one’s slipper in bended position), siatung
songs and other compositions on Vigan and by (hitting the stick (shuttle)
Bigueños. Francisca C. Quitoriano composed
liturgical songs compiled in Just a People that were
sung in all Paulinian schools in the country in the
4.3.5 Other Outputs
70’s.
Other outputs were the assignments during the
5)Personalities – this category includes heroes,
training as follows:
writers, persons with significant contributions to
the Bigueños and society, among them are: Padre
1)review and annotation of the conservation
Jose Burgos – martyr who championed for the
guidelines for built heritage12 – one volume
cause of the Filipino clergy; Diego Silang –
liberator of the Ilocos; Isabelo delos Reyes – father 2)adaptive re-use of cultural sites13 – one volume
of the Philippine Labor Movement; Elpidio Rivera
Quirino – first Ilokano President of the 3)integration of cultural heritage in the basic
Phillippines; Bishop Alfredo F. Verzosa, D.D.- first education curriculum, both in the elementary and
Ilocano Bishop and founder of the Congregacion de high school levels – one volume.
la B. Maria de Eusefinanza Cristiano; Leona
Florentino – first Filipina poetess whose poems Some of the documented resources may not be of
were exhibited at the Exposicion General de significant universal value as defined by UNESCO,
Filipinas in Madrid then in Paris; Fidel Antiporda but to the cultural mapping teams and the Vigan
Go – 1990 National Folk Artist; Esteban residents, they give meaning to the people and life
Villanueva – painter of the Basi Revolt series of the City, as a community based on Pantig’s
definition of cultural heritage. As such, they are
6)Literature – includes pagsasao (proverbs),
worth protecting and conserving as well as
burburtia (riddles), daniw (poems), sarsarita (tales,
transmitting to future generations.
fables – “Baro a Sagad, Rutrot a Sagad”- “New
Broom, Old Broom” by Antonio S. Encarnacion) The documentation of heritage resources as outputs
ken sarita (short stories – “Ti Narra, ti Bagyo ken of cultural mapping represent only a portion of the
ti Sagut”- “The Narra, the Storm and the Gift” by heritage resources.
Antonio S. Encarnacio) , bukanegan (poetic joust
of Mariano N. Gaerlan, Godofredo S. Reyes and
Leon C. Pichay), comedia (theatrical presentation -
“Biag ni Infante Flor de Sencion” “Life of Flor de
12
Sencion”) and zarzuela (a musical melodrama – “Adaptive Re-use of Heritage Resource.” Output
‘Ni Napudno nga Ayat Isu’t Cacan- of the Cultural Mapping Project, Vigan City, 2007.
canonong””True Love that I Trust”); journals and
books –The Ilocos Review; “Bonubon –
“Seedlings” by Hermenegildo Viloria; Marasaba –
13
Tamarind by Marie Rose Q. Rabang) “Annotated Conservation Guidelines for Vigan
Ancestral Houses.” Output of the Cultural Mapping
7)History – “A History of the Ilocos (Digna B. Project, Vigan City, 2007
Apilado),”The 1807 Basi Revolt” (Pablo B.
Ramirez), “A History of the Diocese of Nueva
Segovia” (Friedrich Scharpf, SVD), “Nursing

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From this initial documentation, one can look more conservation of the intangible heritage is now
closely at the Bigueños born in the land of Samtoy, consciously integrated in the City’s programs and
whose life and character was enriched by the activities. However, there is still so much more
blending of Asian and European cultures. The documentation to be done and as the City has
story of the Bigueños and their lessons in life are become a new attraction to tourists having been
woven in their tales, poems and riddles. Their declared one of the New Seven Wonders Cities of
resourcefulness and frugality are expressed and the World in December 7, 2014, greater efforts
blended in their cuisine. Their crafts speak of their should be undertaken by both the City Government
industry and patience. Their thoughts and depth of and all other stakeholders to consciously fulfil their
faith are felt in their festivals and rituals. responsibility as stewards of this world patrimony.

5. Projects After Cultural Mapping 7. Recommendations

Various projects and activities ensued after the The following measures are recommended:
cultural mapping project. The participants of the
cultural mapping celebrated their completion of the 1. The cultural mapping outputs should be
training with follow-up cultural activities. The disseminated to libraries in the city so
City Government of Vigan also implemented students, researchers and cultural workers
cultural projects based on the outputs of the can have easy access to them as
cultural mapping. Some of the activities which references.
2. The intangible resources should be
exist to this day are the following:
translated to other forms for better
appreciation by the residents and visitors,
1. Lectures/trainings on built heritage and
e.g. production of zarzuelas, recording of
conservation measures and on cultural
songs, books, and souvenir items.
education and governance in the schools
3. The next batch of cultural mappers should
2. Cultural exhibits and festivals
be trained.
3. Buridek: Vigan Children’s Museum – the
4. Cultural mapping should be continued by
third to be established in the Philippines.
the City Government in partnership with
This museum presents the heritage
the schools and non-government
resources in miniature sizes or scaled
organizations.
down to children’s size. This was
5. Production of information materials on the
launched in 2008.
heritage and the need to protect and
4. Vigan Heritage River Cruise –this project
conserve them should be undertaken by
has revived the historic Mestizo River and
tourism and cultural organizations.
the cruise up and down the river narrates
the history of Vigan. The refreshing boat
ride also makes residents and visitors
aware of the need to conserve and protect 6. The City Government must protect and
the environment. This was launched in sustain the authenticity of cultural heritage
2009. resources and presentations particularly
5. World Heritage City of Vigan Philippines those that are offered to visitors and for
transmission to the next generations.
Heritage Homeowners Preservation Manual, c
2010 published by UNESCO and the City
Government of Vigan 8.Acknowledgments

6. Conclusion The author thanks the City Government of Vigan

for inviting her to participate in the Cultural
The cultural mapping project was successful in Mapping Project, planning of the Buridek
documenting the heritage resources of Vigan City. Children’s Museum, Vigan Heritage River Cruise
The information already compiled are ready and in writing some articles on the cultural heritage
references on Vigan’s heritage resources which of Vigan for inclusion in the World Heritage City
could be used as basis for further conservation and of Vigan Philippines Heritage Homeowners
socio-economic development planning. Cultural Preservation Manual.

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She thanks the Tawid ti Ilocos Foundation for Rabang, MR.Q. (April-June 2000) “Notes from the
allowing her to utilize the articles in Samtoy and Editor.” Samtoy.
other literature as inputs and supporting documents
for the Cultural Mapping Project. UNESCO and Institute for Tourism Studies,
Macao, S.A.R., China. (June 2007) Cultural
She also thanks the University of Northern Heritage Specialist Guide Training and
Philippines for allowing her to attend the 1st Certification Programme for UNESCO World
International Conference on Interdisciplinary Heritage Sites. Training Handbook (Core Module).
Studies for Cultural Heritage, at Pasundan
University, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia on Vigan News (July-September 2001) reprinted in
May 12-13, 2015. Samtoy, 14.

9.References Warr, A.(1995) “Cultural Mapping.” In Place. The

Commonwealth Department and the Arts, Handout
“Adaptive Re-use of Heritage Resource.” (2007) for the Cultural Mapping Project, Vigan City, 2006
Output of the Cultural Mapping Project, Vigan
Dr. Marie Rose Q. Rabang
City.

“Annotated Conservation Guidelines for Vigan She finished Doctor of Public Administration with
Academic Excellence Award from the University of
Ancestral Houses.” (2007) Output of the Cultural Northern Philippines in 2006. She was a recipient of the
Mapping Project, Vigan City. Research Award Program from the Phlippine Social
Science Council of the Philippines for her dissertation
“Cultural Development Programs of State Universities and
Cultural Mapping of the Heritage City of Vigan (10 Colleges in Region I.” She is a Professor V and the Dean
vols.) (2007) Output of the Cultural Mapping of the College of Arts and Sciences in UNP since
December 2008 to date. She has been actively involved
Project, Vigan City. in the cultural heritage conservation program of the City of
Vigan and has represented the City Government in the
Cultural Mapping Project of the Heritage City of UNESCO training and workshop on Cultural Heritage
Specialist Guide Programme held in Macao, S.A.R., China
Vigan Exhibit Vigan Culture and Trade Center, and in Borobudur, Java, Indonesia in 2009. She has
Vigan City, January-March 2008 conducted researches along cultural heritage and is a
member of the National Research Council of the
Philippines. As Business Manager and member of the
Favis. R.L. (July-September 2000) “The UNESCO Board of Directors of Nakem Conferences International
World Heritage Convention Understanding and Philippines, she helps in the conservation and promotion
of the Ilokano culture. She wrote articles on Vigan and the
Implementingthe Convention Concerning the Ilocos and edited a cultural magazine, Samtoy in 2000-
Protection of the World Cultural and Natural 2005. She integrates cultural heritage in her instruction
and has just been recognized by the City Government of
Heritage.” Samtoy, p. 6-8, 11 Vigan as 2015 Biguena awardee for education.

Favis, R.L. (April-June 2000) “Why the Historic

Town of Vigan was Inscribed in the World
Ancestral Houses in Calle Crisologo
Heritage List.” Samtoy, pp. 4 -7.

Foronda, M.A. Jr & Foronda, J.A. (1972) “The

Age of Preparation 1 The Coming of the Spaniards
to Ilocos.” Samtoy: Essays on Iloko History and
Culture. Manila: De La Salle College.

Mapping of the Past, Charting the Future: The

Cultural Mapping of the Heritage City of Vigan.”
Exhibit. University of Santo Tomas, Manila,
November 16-30, 2007.

Pantig, E.B. (April-June 2003) “Importance of

Cultural Heritage.” Samtoy. p. 21

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Mestizo River Abel Iloco

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