Design and Analysis of Scissor Jack PDF Free
Design and Analysis of Scissor Jack PDF Free
Design and Analysis of Scissor Jack PDF Free
SCISSOR JACK
3 Sketches............................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Jack.............................................................................................................. 10
3.2 Supports...................................................................................................... 11
4 PRO-e models..................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Parts............................................................................................................. 13
4.2 Assembly..................................................................................................... 17
5 Work done.......................................................................................................... 18
5.1 Load criteria and assumptions.....................................................................18
5.2 Material selection......................................................................................... 19
5.3 Stresses acting on various
components………………………………………………………………………………….20
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Acknowledgement
We would like to express our gratitude to all
those who gave us the possibility to complete
our projects and we feel really obliged by the
support and assistance provided by Mr. Amit
Chauhan, our project guide. We also feel
thankful towards our colleagues for their
valuable suggestions and help.
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1 Introduction
1.1Mechanical jack
A jack is mechanical device used to lift heavy loads or
apply great forces. Jacks employ a screw thread or
hydraulic cylinder to apply very high linear forces.
A mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy
equipment. The most common form is a car jack, floor
jack or garage jack which lifts vehicles so that
maintenance can be performed. Car jacks usually use
mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a vehicle
by manual force alone. More powerful jacks use hydraulic
power to provide more lift over greater distances.
Mechanical jacks are usually rated for a maximum lifting
capacity.
As our area of concern is a screw jack used for lifting the
car that is scissor jack, so only the scissor jack and its
background is discussed below.
1.2Scissor jack
Scissor jacks are simple mechanisms used to drive large
loads short distances. The power screw design of a
common scissor jack reduces the amount of force
required by the user to drive the mechanism. Most scissor
jacks are similar in design, consisting of four main
members driven by a power screw. A scissor jack is
operated simply by turning a small crank that is inserted
into one end of the scissor jack. This crank is usually "Z"
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shaped. The end fits into a ring hole mounted on the end
of the screw, which is the object of force on the scissor
jack. When this crank is turned, the screw turns, and this
raises the jack. The screw acts like a gear mechanism. It
has teeth (the screw thread), which turn and move the
two arms, producing work. Just by turning this screw
thread, the scissor jack can lift a vehicle that is several
thousand pounds. Power screw in a scissor jack is the
foundation of whole mechanism of scissor jack.
1.3Problem Statement:
1.4Objective:
The project relates to the designing of simple scissor jack
and its analysis along with structural improvements to
make such a modified jack that is very stable and can
take enough load on uneven surfaces and somewhat
inclination is also allowed.
The project also aims at designing and finding stresses,
efficiency, expected life of screw. We endeavor to develop
a screw jack such that it is cost effective, having a long
life and can be handled roughly.
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1.5Roadmap:
Here we outline the timeline for the completion of various
aspects for the project. The schedule is set so that the
project is completed in phases. Phase I is market
research, Phase II consists of the design process, Phase III
entails PRO-e modeling of the design and simulation in
ANSYS software, and the final aspect of the project is the
presentation and the work that went into it.
2 Scissor jack:
2.1Specifications
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The major specification of scissor lifts is that they
are all symmetrical. In order to work, the distance
from the loaded point to the cross point must be the
same as the distance from the cross point to the
ground. This ensures that weight is distributed
equally throughout the scissor lift beams.
2.2Assembly
A scissor jack has four main pieces of metal and two
base ends. The four metal pieces are all connected at the
corners with a bolt that allows the corners to swivel. A
screw thread runs across this assembly and through the
corners. As the screw thread is turned, the jack arms
travel across it and collapse or come together, forming a
straight line when closed. Then, moving back the other
way, they raise and come together. When opened, the
four metal arms contract together, coming together at
the middle, raising the jack. When closed, the arms
spread back apart and the jack closes or flattens out
again.
1 Working
A scissor jack uses a simple theory of gears to get its
power. As the screw section is turned, two ends of the
jack move closer together. Because the gears of the
screw are pushing up the arms, the amount of force being
applied is multiplied. It takes a very small amount of force
to turn the crank handle, yet that action causes the brace
arms to slide across and together.
As this happens the arms extend upward. The car's
gravitational weight is not enough to prevent the jack
from opening or to stop the screw from turning, since it is
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not applying force directly to it. If you were to put
pressure directly on the crank, or lean your weight
against the crank, the person would not be able to turn it,
even though your weight is a small percentage of cars.
2.3Components
Frame
Power screw
Rivets
Coupling nut
Crank
Frame:
The entire frame of the scissor jack consists of links(top
and bottom), base frame, support frame. The frame is
manufactured by sheet metal processes and forming by
low-medium carbon steel.
Power screw:
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The majority of screws are tightened by clockwise
rotation, which is termed a right-hand thread. Screws with
left-hand threads are used in exceptional cases. For
example, anticlockwise forces are applied to the screw
(which would work to undo a right-hand thread), a left-
hand-threaded screw would be an appropriate choice.
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Basics of power screws
Fig1.
Fig2.
1. Square threads:
Is used for power transmission in either direction
Results in maximum efficiency and minimum
It is employed in screw jacks and clamps
2.Acme threads:
It is a modification of square thread
Efficiency is lower than square threads
The slope increases the area for shear
It is easily manufactured
3.Buttress Thread:
It is used when large forces act along the screw axis
in one direction only.
It has higher efficiency like square threads and ease
of cutting like acme threads.
It is the strongest thread of all
It has limited use of power transmission
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Rivets:
A rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being
installed a rivet consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with
a head on one end. The end opposite the head is called
the buck-tail. On installation the rivet is placed in a
punched or pre-drilled hole, and the tail is upset, or
bucked (i.e. deformed), so that it expands to about 1.5
times the original shaft diameter, holding the rivet in
place. To distinguish between the two ends of the rivet,
the original head is called the factory head and the
deformed end is called the shop head or buck-tail.
Coupling nut:
A coupling nut is a threaded fastener for joining two male threads, most
commonly threaded rod. The outside of the fastener is usually a hex so a
wrench can hold it. Variations include reducing coupling nuts, for
joining two different size threads; sight hole coupling nuts, which have a
sight hole for observing the amount of engagement; and coupling nuts
with left-handed threads.
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PHASE-I (market research):
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Lifts The Operating the
1133 kg. jack’s crank can be
Extends simple difficult.
from design Required to be
3.75”- minimize near
15.4”. s cost , (practically
Mechanic size and underneath a
al input weight, 2,000kg object
required. so it can to operate.
be stored Like the
easily. product
Does not above, there is
rely on no stability
figure 2
electricit provided from
y. the sides.
Tools to raise
the jack are
not
interchangeab
le.
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We would like to incorporate some type of side support in
my jack because it enhances safety and redistributes
stress, enhancing product life and functionality.
The designs above also lacked interchangeability. In my
design I would like the make it possible for the user to
operate the jack with tools other than the crank provided.
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(a)
(b)
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(c)
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Extended base No added stability
makes tipping less between the top
likely. and bottom risks a
Simple design collapse
Shape is not
compact, makes
storage difficult.
2
Added material,
cost weight
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rated by 5, 10, 15 because of its importance as a design
goal.
Safety 5 10 15
Weight 3 1 2
Storage 3 1 2
Total 14 14 20
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3.5 Load criteria and assumptions:
The load for which the jack is to be employed has to
be considered first. For very heavy loads we have to
deal with heavy duty jacks and in those situations
scissor jacks do not work efficiently and most
probably fail. While in case of low and medium
intensity loads, scissor jack works efficiently and
smoothly without much effort. Also the jack is handy
enough to carry in the vehicle.
So considering the above situation, making a scissor
jack for low and moderate dead loads will be a good
idea.
Estimated vehicle weight: 1105kg/2440 kgs(weight of
swift in unloaded condition.
Weight on one side: 2440/4: 610kgs.
Factor of safety: 4
Weight for which is designed: 2440kgs.
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steel, stainless steel and got an overall result for the
best fit material to be low-medium carbon steel .
(comparison on basis of data given in MATERIALS AND
HEAT TREATMENT PROCESSES by O.P. KHANNA)
The material will be designed completely using plain
carbon steel. Designing a scissor jack using plain
carbon steel is a work of sheet metal shop. To
overestimate the safety we will use calculations of
strength using the plain carbon steel in its
undisturbed, solid form.
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PHASE-II (Design phase):
4 Sketches
Error: Reference source not found through Error: Reference
source not found show the original hand sketches used to
begin the 3D modeling phase of the project. Many of the
dimensions and some design aspects of the sketches
shown below were changed as necessary by the design
during the solid modeling phase.
4.1 Jack
4.2 Supports
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4
T πd
τ max ≥ j=
J 32
K ( )
W=axial load on frames
L=length of frame
C=1for long columns
K= radius of gyration
S = endurance limit
y
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σp= yielding stress
S y= endurance limit
n=¿ Factor of safety
Sy = endurance limit
n=¿ Factor of safety
τ =shear stress
m∗d
2
σ=
Ix
π ( R 4−r 4 )
I x=
4
= polar moment of inertia
Ix
R = outer radius
r = inner radius
m = bending moment
d = average diameter = (r+R)/2
σ = bending stress
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4.4Self -locking criteria
πfd ≥ l
f = coefficient of friction
d = diameter of screw
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PHASE-III
5 PRO-e Models
5.1 Parts
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Baserivet
Link
Coupling
Bottom
nut
packing
Screw
Bottom link
Top link
shaft
Bottom
Support
rivet
frame
5.2 Assembly
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Closed
assembly
Open
Assembly
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ANALYSIS
Following are the images of stress concentration during analysis of
scissor jack. The bar on the side of the images shows the value of stress
relative to its colour as colour progresses from blue to red, stress conc.
Increases thereby making it prone to failure. So as we see there is a
scope of improvement. Now we will try to design a modified jack making
it safer.
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Bottom frame
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Bottom link
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Support frame
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Top rivet
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Top rivet 2
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Top packing
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Top link 1
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Top link 2
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Power screw
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Bottom rivet 1
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Bottom rivet 2
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Coupling nut
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Bottom link 2
7 References
7.1Books referred
Materials and heat treatment by O.P. khanna
Design of machine elements by khurmi
Strength of materials by R.K. rajput
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7.2Websites referred
youtube.com (Davison Design: Jack 'N Stand Animated
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Thus we conclude
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