INTRODUCTION

The word workshop is related to any area that provides both space and tools required for the manufacture
and repair of goods. Similarly, in educational workshop, expert provide knowledge and skills to deal with
problems. It is a teaching method organized to develop the psychomotor aspects of the learner regarding the
practices of new innovations in education, where persons are trained to use new practices in their teaching
learning process.
TERMINOLOGY
* WORKSHOP:- An occasion when a group of people meet to learn about a particular subject, especially
by taking part in discussion or activities.
* RESEARCH:- A detailed and careful study of something to find out more information about it.
* COGNITIVE:-concerned with the act or process of knowing, perceiving etc.
* PSYCHIMOTOR:-Relating to, or characterizing movements of the body associated with mental activity.
*THEME:- The subject matter of a conversation or discussion.

DEFINITION
Workshop is defined as assembled group of 10 -25 persons who share a common interest or problem. They
meet together to improve their individual skill of subject through intensive study, research, practice and
discussion.

ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF WORKSHOP

* Complete active involvement by the participants.
* The whole point of attention is to work and learn from practical experiences.
* Participants may have to work as reporters or a leader.
* Workshop offer each member an opportunity to make his own contribution.

PURPOSES OF WORKSHOP
* To put teachers in situations that will break down the barriers between them to facilitate communication.
* To give opportunity for personal growth through accepting and working towards a goal
Held in common with others.
* To give teachers an opportunity to work on the problems those are direct, current, concern to them.
* Teachers will learn new methods and techniques which they can use in their own classroom.
* To place teachers in a position of responsibility for their own learning.
* To put teacher in situation where they will evaluate their own effort
* To give the teachers an opportunity to improve their own morale.

PRINCIPLE OF WORKSHOP
* Workshop should focus on the current issues in the profession to be discussed.
* Workshop should be conducted with full cooperation within organizers.
* Giving the participants an active role will make teaching more effective.
* Every individual has worth, and has a contribution to make to the common goal

OBJECTIVES OF WORKSHOP
●Cognitive objective
● Psychomotor objective
● Cognitive objective:
*To solve the problems of teaching profession.
* To provide the philosophical and sociological background for instructional and teaching situation.
* To learn the new innovations and practices of education.
* To develop an understanding regarding the use of a theme and problem.

●Psychomotor objective:
* To develop the proficiency for planning and organizing teaching and instructional activities.
* To develop the skills to perform a task independently.
* To determine and use of teaching strategies effectively.
* To train the persons for using different approaches of teaching.

SCOPE OF WORKSHOP TECHNIQUE

The workshop technique is used mainly in the following areas of education.
* Action research project for classroom problems.
* New format for lesson plan.
* Preparing instructional material or teaching model.
* Workshop on preparing research synopsis and proposals.
* Workshop for non- formal education
* Workshop for designing programme for teacher education at any level.

PLANNING FOR A WORKSHOP

● SELECTION OF A THEME
* Select the theme on workshop has to be organized.
* The theme must be based on pre-existing problem for which we should identify the solution.
* Theme must be useful for the in-service workers for giving awareness and training of new practice in their
working situation and which has a solution.
* Theme must be directed towards the participants because to motivate their interest.
After selecting a theme for workshop, following have to be planned.
1- Open a file
Correspondence relating to the planning, running and evaluation of workshop will soon reach proportion
that call for proper filing.
A suitable system might be a loose leaf with the following subdivision.
* Budget
* Workshop site
* Selection of participants
* Documentation
* Equipment checklist
* Publicity, press etc.
* Evaluation
2- Selection of resource person
In organization a workshop resource person plays following important roles:
* They should provide theoretical and practical aspects of the theme.
*Resource person must have much more practical and theoretical exposure in their work field.
* Resource person should able to provide guidance to participants at every stage of and train them to
perform the task effectively.
* Resource person should be able to supervise and also control trainees.
3- Selection of the participants: criteria for selecting the participants:-
* Types of participants:- (i) Homogeneity: participants should be homogenous ( same group).
(ii)Select the participants who will benefit by the theme of workshop and objectives.
* Number of participants:-
(i) It can be found from experience that as many as 35 participants (seven groups of five) can be handled by
one organizer.
(ii) Select the participants 60 days before the workshop.
(iii) 45 days before confirm the participants who are going to participate in the workshop.
(iv)Voluntary participation and willingness to innovate.
(v) Select the participants those who attend the workshop voluntarily.
●Selection of the dates for the workshop:
* Date of workshop should not coincide with the public or religious holidays, sports event.
* At least one working day will preside the open of the workshop.
* It should be planned prior to prevent inconvenience in conducting workshop.
●Selection of the place for workshop
* select the place where the participants can stay and attend total activities of workshop on a full time basis.
* Place should far away from where the participants live to enable them to participate in activities without
interruption.
* The place should be pleasurable one (quiet, adequate seating, well ventilated, good lighting etc.).
* Boking a meeting room and hotel accommodation.
* Book the room for conduction workshop and accommodation 6 months priorly to a day.
* Take it in writing and insist in writing confirmation detailing the conditions you have specified,
particularly as regard to meeting room.
●Selection of language
In workshop national language must be the working language. It must be known by all participants.

Selection of committees:
While organizing a workshop committees must be formulated such as:
(i) Organizers committee
* Should plan for programme
* They should schedule the programme
* They must select the days, dates, venue of workshop.
* They should plan for budgeting.
(ii) Assistant organizers committee:
* Selection must be done 4 months before the day.
* Organizer should select assistant organizers from another school or faculty.
* Select each assistant organizer for every 10 participants.
* The assistant organizers will have the task of finding answers to questions put forward by the participants.
(iii) Sponsors committees:
* sponsoring committee should be found by organizers to share the expenses of workshop.
* sponsors can extend” their helping hand to provide place for workshop, sound media, food and snacks,
printing material etc.
Volunteers committee:- serves the following.
* Receiving the guests.
* Orienting the place to the participants and experts.
* Seating arrangement.
* Serving food.
* They have to formulate committees for – registration, transportation, food, stage, reception, publicity
committees etc.

Budget for workshop:

Organizers should plan the budget according to their plan of conducting workshop.
Following simple formula is suggested to estimate the expenditure:
E = (T+S) NX 1.25
E= Estimate
T= Cost of return travel rice power point that works and have an electrical extension flex and spare projector
lamp available.
S= Living expenses (accommodation, food)
N= Number of participants

Invitation of participants:
The main points to be covered in the invitation are:
* Aim of the workshop
* Theme of the workshop
* Working method of the workshop
* Get a deadline for application.

Preparing workshop pamphlet / booklet:

* Print pamphlets / booklets- chart specifying the:
* Aims of workshop.
* Registration fees for the workshop.
* Activities of programme in workshop
* Facilities arranged for the workshop.
* These all help the participants to prepare physically and mentally before coming to the workshop.
* Content which the experts are going to present must be given at the time of documentation. This helps
them to have reference copy of content for their future.
Immediate preparation for workshop (i.e. 2-3 days before):
● Review of the list of participants and resource person:
* After getting the application we should prepare the finalizing the number of participants, list of
participants should be prepared.
* Resource persons also must be properly reminded.
●Arrangement of room:
* Two days before the workshop it should be arranged.
* The meeting room should be arranged so as to allow participants to sit at tables in small groups of three to
five.
* Allow the use of overhead projector it would be preferable in order to allow two documents to be
compared together.
* Room must be quiet and that is arrangement is preferable to separate groups in different rooms.
* Make sure that the room is away from the source of noise.
* Room must be adequately darkened to project the overhead projector.
* Make sure that elect

●Arrangement of staff and equipment- needed for document reproduction during workshop:
* Staff and equipment needed for documentation must be arrangement one month before the day.
* Staff: such as typist for typing the documents resulting from group work.
* Equipment: one month before itself should be arranged with all the needed equipment and prior to the
workshop it should be checked that the things by using checklist.
* Equipment checklist:
Note pads (one for each participants)
Pencils and sharpener (one for each participants)
Rubber (one for each table)
Two hold punch (1)
Adhesive tape (2rools)
Stapler (1)
Waste paper basket (one for each table)
Drawing pins (2 packets)
File
Overhead projectors (2)
Sharp projectors (2)
Electric extension flex (6 meters)
Electric adapter plug (2)
Transparent cellulose sheet (50)
Crayon markers
Black board for flip charts
Dictionary

Arranging for press relations:

* Depending on the local situation, it may be worth deciding to inform the press.
* Coordinating the assistant organizers.
* All the assistant organizers should arrive at the site of the workshop without fail at least two whole days
before the workshop and should have been told how important this coordination period is.

Time table of work:

* It is not recommended to arrange more than five hours of structured session a day.
* There should be provision of teas break and lunch break at appropriate time interval and it should be
planned throughout the workshop.
* Last day don’t forget to have a group photo snaps taken during the break.

Roles in workshop technique:

In organising the workshop the following four roles are performed.
* Organiser of the workshop.
* Convener of chairman in first stage.
* Experts and resources persons.
* Participants or trainees.
Organiser of the Workshop Technique:-
Whole program and schedule is prepared by the organiser. He has to arrange for boarding and lodging
facilities for participants as well as the experts. The date, days, venue or workshop are decided by him. The
workshop are also organised by certain institution like NCERT, DGHS . Sponsored workshop on nursing
development.
Convener in first Stage:- At first stage of workshop, theoretical aspects are discussed by the experts on the
theme of workshop. Therefore, a convener is nominated or invited who is well acquainted with theme of the
workshop .He has to conduct workshop of this stage and he has to observe the formalities and keynote of the
workshop.
Experts or Resource Persons:- in organising a workshop, resource-persons play an important role in
providing theoretical and practical aspects of the them . They provide guidance to participants at every stage
and train theme to perform the task effectively.
Role of Participants and trainees:- The participants should be keen or interested in theme of the workshop.
At the first stage, they have to acquire understanding of the theme and at second stage, they have to practise
and perform the task with great interest and seek proper guidance from the experts. They should try to carry
the concept to their classroom to evaluate its workability in actual situation. They may suggest s0me
modification in using the concept in classroom. The effectiveness of any workshop technique depend upon
the involvement of the participants in the tasks.

Stages in conducting workshop:

Generally workshop are organized for 3 to 10 days duration. The period of workshop may be 40 days. It
depends on the nature of task assigned to the workshop.
It is organized in four stages:
(i) First stage
(ii) Second stage
(iii) Third stage
(iv) Fourth stage
(I) First stage:-
* Registration:- participants will pay their fees and they will register their names in registration counter.
After that they will be given a identity card and workshop content handwork.

* Inauguration:- it is starting function of the workshop. In this all committee members, participants,
resource persons will be gathered along with the chief guest. Chief Guest will start the function with lighting
the lamp and gives his guest speech regarding the theme. After to him organizer delivers his speech.
*Preliminary introductory session:- organizer will give brief introduction about workshop, which tey are
going to conduct. He will give orientation towards theme of the workshop and objectives.
*Pre-test:- pre-test will be given to the participants, which will be based in the theme of the workshop ie
background knowledge about theme of the workshop. And it will be evaluated.
*Break:- tea break and lunch break in between the session.
*Presentation of the theme of providing awareness:- the resource person or experts are invited to provide
the awareness and understanding of the topic. This stage like a seminar.
(ii) Second stage
* Formation of groups:
In the second stage the total group is divided in to small groups.
*Assignment sessions and practical exercise:
Group will be given assignment related to the theme. Practical exercise also will be given.
* Guidance and supervision:
a resource person is assigned to provide guidance to the work to perform. Along with guidance the expert
also supervises each participants work. Every participant has to work individually and independently and
has to complete the task within the time limit.
* Clarifying session:
The participants while doing his work if finds any difficulty or doubt can be clarified with help of expert.
* Group discussion:
If group members have completed their assignment at the end they meet together their task within their
group.
* Preview of the next day:
At the end of the each day all group members will join together and discuss the programmes of the next day.
(iii) Third stage:
There are four phases.
Presentation:
At this phase all group meet at one place and present their report of work done at second stage.
Evaluation- post-test:
It will be given to the participants based on the content which was given by the experts during the
presentation phase. That will be evaluated.
Open suggestions:
The participants are given opportunity to comment and give suggestions for further improvement.
Expert suggestion:
The experts also provide suggestion on different aspects of the reports.
Validation:
It is the end phase of the workshop. In this organizer will conclude the workshop after providing certificates
to the prizes to those perform well in their group activities. Chief organizer or assistant organizer will give
vote of thanks and programme will end with National anthem.
(iv) Fourth stage:
In fourth stage means after the actual programme, organizers as well as participants have to do their part of
work.
Follow –up:
* The trainer has to go back to their institution. They asked to continue their task and examine the
workability and usability in their institution.
* The participants are invited to meet again and present their experience regarding applicability of the topic
or new practice.
* During follow up meeting participants will also be assessed to which level they reached their objectives by
using questionnaire and individual interview.

Advantages of workshop
* Workshop is used to realize the higher cognitive and psychomotor objectives.
* It is a technique which can be effectively used for developing understanding and proficiency for the
approaches and practices in education.
* It used for developing and improving professional efficiency, e.g. Nursing, medical, dental etc.
* The teaching proficiencies can be developed by using the workshop technique for in-service teachers.
* It provides the opportunities and situations to develop the individual capacities of a teacher.
* It develops the feeling cooperation and group work.
* It provide the situation to study the vocational problems.
* The new practices and innovations are introduced to in-service teachers.

Limitations of workshop
* The in-service teachers do not take interest to understand and use the new practices in their classrooms.
* The workshop can not be organized for large group so that large number of persons are trained.
* The teachers do not take interest in practical work or to do something in productive form.
*The effectiveness of a workshop technique depends on the follow up program. Generally, follow up
programmes are not organized in workshop techni

SUMMARY
At the end of the seminar I summarized the topic that of workshop introduction, definition, essential
Essential features of workshop, purposes, principles, objectives, scope, planning for a workshop,
budget,
Invitation of participants, preparing workshop pamphlet/ booklet, roles in workshop technique, stages,
Advantages, limitations of workshop.

CONCLUSION
At the end of the seminar I want to conclude my topic that workshop may be a room or building which
Provides both the area and tools that may be required for the manufacture of repair manufactured
goods.
Workshop were the only places of production until the advent of industrialization.
 WORKSHOP
OBJECTIVE
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:- At the end of the seminar, participants will be able to acquire knowledge
About teaching method of workshop.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- At the end of seminar, participants will be able to
* Define workshop.
* Explain about essential features of workshop.
* Describe purposes of workshop.
* Enumerate principles of workshop.
* Explain about objectives of workshop.
* Describe scope of workshop.
* Enlist planning for a workshop.
* Explain budget for workshop.
* Enumerate invitation of participants.
* Enlist preparing workshop of pamphlet / booklet.
* Explain about roles in workshop technique.
* Enlist stages in conducting workshop.
* Describe advantages of workshop.
* Explain limitation of workshop.