Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 11 views

    Vize

    Uploaded by

    Mehmet Kayhan
    This document contains the solutions to a signals and systems midterm exam. It has 3 main sections: 1) Signal questions involving plotting even and odd parts, finding fundamental periods of signals, and determining if a signal is power or energy. 2) Analyzing the linearity, time-invariance, stability, and causality of an LTI system and finding its impulse response. It also involves finding the step response of another system using convolution. 3) Questions involving finding poles and zeros of a system transfer function, determining if it is causal/anti-causal/non-causal, and drawing its inverse Laplace transform. Useful equations for signals, Laplace transforms, and Fourier series are also

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Vize

    Uploaded by

    Mehmet Kayhan
    11 views4 pages
    This document contains the solutions to a signals and systems midterm exam. It has 3 main sections: 1) Signal questions involving plotting even and odd parts, finding fundamental periods of signals, and determining if a signal is power or energy. 2) Analyzing the linearity, time-invariance, stability, and causality of an LTI system and finding its impulse response. It also involves finding the step response of another system using convolution. 3) Questions involving finding poles and zeros of a system transfer function, determining if it is causal/anti-causal/non-causal, and drawing its inverse Laplace transform. Useful equations for signals, Laplace transforms, and Fourier series are also

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    vize

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document contains the solutions to a signals and systems midterm exam. It has 3 main sections: 1) Signal questions involving plotting even and odd parts, finding fundamental periods of signals, and determining if a signal is power or energy. 2) Analyzing the linearity, time-invariance, stability, and causality of an LTI system and finding its impulse response. It also involves finding the step response of another system using convolution. 3) Questions involving finding poles and zeros of a system transfer function, determining if it is causal/anti-causal/non-causal, and drawing its inverse Laplace transform. Useful equations for signals, Laplace transforms, and Fourier series are also

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views4 pages

    Vize

    Uploaded by

    Mehmet Kayhan
    This document contains the solutions to a signals and systems midterm exam. It has 3 main sections: 1) Signal questions involving plotting even and odd parts, finding fundamental periods of signals, and determining if a signal is power or energy. 2) Analyzing the linearity, time-invariance, stability, and causality of an LTI system and finding its impulse response. It also involves finding the step response of another system using convolution. 3) Questions involving finding poles and zeros of a system transfer function, determining if it is causal/anti-causal/non-causal, and drawing its inverse Laplace transform. Useful equations for signals, Laplace transforms, and Fourier series are also

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    MKT 2812 Signals and Systems

    Name:__SOLUTIONS_________________
    Total 1 2 3
    Midterm Exam
    ID:_____________________ Gr:____ 100 30 40 30
    Date: Apr. 28, 2022

    1) [30 pts.] Answer the following signal questions

    a) (10 pts.) Graphically compute and plot the even and odd parts of 𝑥1 (𝑡)

    b) (10 pts.) Let the signals be


    𝜋
    𝑥(𝑡) = cos ( 𝑡) , 𝑦(𝑡) = 8 sin(2𝑡) + 5 cos(3𝑡) , 𝑧(𝑡) = 3𝑥(𝑡)𝑦(𝑡)
    3
    What are the fundamental periods of signals if they are periodic?
    2𝜋
    𝑇𝑥 = =6
    𝜋/3
    2𝜋 2𝜋 𝑇1 3
    𝑇1 = = 𝜋, 𝑇2 = → = → 𝑇𝑦 = 2𝑇1 = 3𝑇2 = 2𝜋
    2 3 𝑇2 2
    2𝜋 𝑙
    𝑇𝑧 ? = ∄ 𝑙, 𝑘 ∈ 𝐼 ∋ 3𝑙 = 𝜋𝑘 → 𝐴𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑐
    6 𝑘
    c) (10 pts.) Is 𝑥(𝑡) a power or energy signal? Compute both energy and power.
    𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 −5|𝑡| + sin(𝑡) 𝑢(𝑡)
    𝑇 𝑇
    2
    𝐸𝑥 = lim ∫ [𝑒 −5|𝑡| + sin(𝑡)𝑢(𝑡)] 𝑑𝑡 = lim ∫ [2𝑒 −10𝑡 + 2𝑒 −5𝑡 sin(𝑡) + sin2 𝑡]𝑑𝑡
    𝑇→∞ −𝑇 𝑇→∞ 0
    Using the integral equations at the end
    𝑇
    2 −10𝑡 2 −5𝑡 (−5
    1 1
    𝐸𝑥 = lim [(− 𝑒 )+ 𝑒 sin 𝑡 − cos 𝑡) + ( 𝒕 − sin 2𝑡)] =∞
    𝑇→∞ 10 25 + 1 2 4 𝑡=0
    1 𝑇 −5|𝑡| 2 1 𝑇 −10𝑡
    𝑃𝑥 = lim ∫ [𝑒 + sin(𝑡)𝑢(𝑡)] 𝑑𝑡 = lim ∫ [2𝑒 + 2𝑒 −5𝑡 sin(𝑡) + sin2 𝑡]𝑑𝑡
    𝑇→∞ 2𝑇 −𝑇 𝑇→∞ 2𝑇 0
    𝑇
    1 1 1 1 1
    𝑃𝑥 = lim [(− 𝑒 −10𝑡 ) + 𝑒 −5𝑡 (−5 sin 𝑡 − cos 𝑡) + ( 𝑡 − sin 2𝑡)]
    𝑇→∞ 2𝑇 5 13 2 4 𝑡=0
    1 1 −10𝑇 1 −5𝑇 1 1 1 1 1
    𝑃𝑥 = lim {(− 𝑒 )+ 𝑒 (−5 sin 𝑇 − cos 𝑇) + ( 𝑇 − sin 2𝑇) − [− − ]} =
    𝑇→∞ 2𝑇 5 13 2 4 5 13 4
    2) [40 pts.]
    a) (20 pts.) Analyze the linearity, time-invariance, BIBO stability and causality of the system with input 𝑥(𝑡)
    output 𝑦(𝑡). Find the impulse response ℎ(𝑡)

    𝑡−1
    𝑦(𝑡) = 2 ∫ sin(3𝜏) 𝑥(𝜏)𝑑𝜏
    −∞
    b) (20 pts.) For another LTI system with the impulse response of

    find its step response (to the input 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡)) using the convolution integral
    a) Linear?
    𝑡−1 𝑡−1 𝑡−1
    𝑦(𝑡) = 2 ∫ sin(3𝜏) [𝑥1 (𝜏) + 𝑎𝑥2 (𝜏)]𝑑𝜏 = 2 ∫ sin(3𝜏) 𝑥1 (𝜏)𝑑𝜏 + 𝑎 ⋅ 2 ∫ sin(3𝜏) 𝑥2 (𝜏)𝑑𝜏 = 𝑦1 + 𝑎𝑦2 (𝑡)
    −∞ −∞ −∞
    So, it is linear.
    Time-invariant?
    Is the delayed output
    𝑡−𝑇−1
    𝑦(𝑡 − 𝑇) = 2 ∫ sin(3𝜏) 𝑥(𝜏)𝑑𝜏 (∗)
    −∞
    Equals to the delayed input response
    𝑡−1
    2∫ sin(3𝜏) 𝑥(𝜏 − 𝑇)𝑑𝜏
    −∞
    For clarity, define a change of variable 𝜏 − 𝑇 = 𝜆 when 𝜏 = 𝑡 − 1 then 𝜆 = 𝑡 − 1 − 𝑇 and 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑑𝜆, thus
    𝑡−1−𝑇
    2∫ sin(3(𝜆 + 𝑇)) 𝑥(𝜆)𝑑𝜏
    −∞
    sin(3𝑡) is not equal to sin(3(𝑡 + 𝑇)) ∀𝑇 ≠ 2𝜋𝑘/3 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = 0 ± 1 ± 2 ….
    So, time varying. Or, pick 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡) and 𝑇 = 1 and show this counter example to prove it is time varying.
    BIBO Stable?
    Let |𝑥(𝑡)| < 𝐵1 ∀𝑡, then
    𝑡−1
    2𝐵1 4𝐵1
    𝑦(𝑡) ≤ |2 ∫ sin(3𝜏) 𝐵1 𝑑𝜏| = | cos(3𝜏)|𝑡−1
    ∞ |< <∞
    −∞ 3 3
    So, BIBO stable.
    Causal?
    For 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑦 = 0 and the output at time 𝑡 depends only on the past inputs, so, causal.

    b) ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑟(𝑡) − 𝑟(𝑡 − 2) − 2𝑢(𝑡 − 3)


    ∞
    𝑦(𝑡) = [ℎ ∗ 𝑢](𝑡) = ∫ 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜏)[𝑟(𝜏) − 𝑟(𝜏 − 2) − 2𝑢(𝜏 − 3)]𝑑𝜏
    −∞
    𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
    𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡) ∫ 𝜏𝑑𝜏 − 𝑢(𝑡 − 2) ∫ (𝜏 − 2)𝑑𝜏 − 2𝑢(𝑡 − 3) ∫ 𝑑𝜏
    0 2 3
    𝑢(𝑡)s must be added to make sure the integral upper and lower bounds in order.
    𝑡2 (𝑡 − 2)2
    𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑢(𝑡) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 2) − 2(𝑡 − 3)𝑢(𝑡 − 3)
    2 2
    𝑡 𝑡−2
    𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑟(𝑡) − 𝑟(𝑡 − 2) − 2𝑟(𝑡 − 3)
    2 2
    3) [30 pts.] a) For a system with impulse response
    5𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 4
    𝐻(𝑠) = 𝑅𝑂𝐶: −1 < 𝜎 < 0
    𝑠(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2)
    i. Find the poles and zeros
    ii. Determine if it is causal, anti-causal or non-causal system?
    iii. Draw its inverse Laplace transformation ℎ(𝑡)

    i. Poles 0, −1 ± 𝑗, Zeros , −0.4 ± 𝑗0.8


    ii. Non-causal
    iii. PFE
    𝑐𝑜 𝐴𝑠 + 𝐵
    𝐻(𝑠) = + 2
    𝑠 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2
    4
    𝑐𝑜 = 𝑠𝐻(𝑠)|𝑠=0 = =2
    2
    𝐴𝑠 + 𝐵 2 5𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 4 2(𝑠 2 + 2𝑠 + 2) 3𝑠
    2
    = 𝐻 − = 2
    − 2
    = 2
    𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2 𝑠 𝑠(𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2) 𝑠(𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2) 𝑠 + 2𝑠 + 2
    So, 𝐴 = 3, 𝐵 = 0. Thus, the PFE
    2 3(𝑠 + 1) − 3
    𝐻(𝑠) = +
    𝑠 (𝑠 + 1)2 + 1
    𝑅1 = {𝜎 > −1} is the ROC of the causal part and can’t include any (causal) poles. So, poles −1 ± 𝑗 are causal pole pairs.

    𝑅2 = {𝜎 < 0} is the ROC of the anti-causal part and can’t include any (a.c.) poles. So, the pole 0 are a.c. pole.
    3(𝑠+1)−3
    𝐻𝑐 (𝑠) = (𝑠+1)2 → Inverse Laplace transform thru the Table ℎ𝑐 (𝑡) = 3𝑒 −𝑡 [cos 𝑡 − sin 𝑡]𝑢(𝑡)
    +1

    2
    Only 𝐺(𝑠) = 𝐻𝑎𝑐 (−𝑠) = − 𝑠 Inverse transform may be obtained thru the Table as 𝑔(𝑡) = −2𝑢(𝑡). Thus,

    ℎ𝑎𝑐 (𝑡) = 𝑔(−𝑡) = −2𝑢(−𝑡). Therefore,

    ℎ(𝑡) = ℎ𝑐 (𝑡) + ℎ𝑎𝑐 (𝑡) = 3𝑒 −𝑡 [cos 𝑡 − sin 𝑡]𝑢(𝑡) − 2𝑢(−𝑡)


    Useful Equations
    Basic Signals
    𝑑𝑟
    = 𝑢(𝑡).
    𝑑𝑡

    𝑑𝑢
    = 𝛿(𝑡).
    𝑑𝑡

    𝑡 𝑡
    𝑢(𝑡) = ∫−∞ 𝛿(𝑎)𝑑𝑎 ⇒ ∫𝑡 2 𝛿(𝑎 − 1)𝑑𝑎 = 𝑢(𝑡2 − 1) − 𝑢(𝑡1 − 1) .
    1

    𝑡 𝑡
    𝑟(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑢(𝑡) = ∫−∞ 𝑢(𝑎)𝑑𝑎 ⇒ ∫𝑡 2 𝑢(𝑎 − 1)𝑑𝑎 = 𝑟(𝑡2 − 1) − 𝑟(𝑡1 − 1).
    1

    Laplace Transform
    ∞
    𝑋(𝑠) = ∫−∞ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡, 𝑠 ∈ 𝑅𝑂𝐶.

    Fourier series
    𝑥(𝑡) = ∑∞
    𝑘=−∞ 𝑋𝑘 𝑒
    𝑗𝛺𝑜 𝑘𝑡
    with 𝑋𝑘 =
    1 𝑡𝑜 +𝑇𝑜
    ∫
    𝑇𝑜 𝑡𝑜
    𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝛺𝑜 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 or 𝑋𝑘 =
    1
    𝑋 (𝑠)|𝑠=𝑗𝛺𝑜 𝑘
    𝑇0 1

    Fourier Transform
    ∞
    𝑋(𝛺) = ∫−∞ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝛺𝑡 𝑑𝑡 or 𝑋(𝛺) =
    𝑋(𝑠)|𝑠=𝑗𝛺 if 𝑠 = 𝑗𝛺 exists in ROC

    Some Integrals:
    1 1
    ∫ sin2 𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡 − sin (2𝑤𝑡)
    2 4𝑤
    1 1
    ∫ cos2 𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡 + sin (2𝑤𝑡)
    2 4𝑤
    1
    ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 sin 𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 2 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 [𝑎 sin 𝑤𝑡 − 𝑤 cos 𝑤𝑡]
    𝑎 + 𝑤2
    1
    ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 cos 𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 2 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 [𝑤 sin 𝑤𝑡 + 𝑎 cos 𝑤𝑡]
    𝑎 + 𝑤2

    You might also like