eni spa

COMPANY TECHNICAL STANDARD

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR FIELD WELDING

OF DUPLEX PIPELINES

05700.ENG.MME.STD
Rev.02 - July 2013

Previous identification code

05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev.02 – July 2013

GENERAL NOTE This Re-coding does not affect the document content.
TO THE Documents traceability is guaranteed by the unchanged document
DOCUMENT RE-
number.
CODING
Any cross-reference between documents remains unaffected.
/
La presente ricodifica non ha effetto sul contenuto del documento.
NOTA
GENERALE
La rintracciabilità dei documenti è garantita dal numero di documento
ALLA che resta immodificato.
RICODIFICA I riferimenti incrociati fra i vari documenti rimangono validi.

ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

Documento riservato di proprietà di Eni spa. Esso non sarà mostrato a terzi né utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali è stato inviato.
This document is property of Eni spa. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
 eni spa
exploration & production division
•
~rno

COMPANY SPEC IFICATION

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR FIELD WELDING

OF DUPLEX PIPELINES

05700.PLI.M ME. SDS

Rev. 2 - July 2013

2 Generai reviSion 07/201 3

REV. DESCRIPTION PREPARED VERIFIED DATE

ENGINEERING COMPANY STAN DARD

This document is property of Eni S.pA Exploration & Production Di vision.

It shall neither be shown to Third Parties not used for purposes other than those for which it has been senI.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 2 of 25

FOREWORD

Rev. 0 Sheets 44
April 1989
Issue

Rev. 1 Sheets 44
January 1991
General revision

Rev. 2 Sheets 25
July 2013
General revision

This Document is the Revision N. 2 of the Company Standard 14059.PLI.COR.PRG,

Rev. 0 (March 1998).

Respect to Rev.0 this Standard has been completely reviewed basing on International
Standard IS0 13847 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Pipeline transportation
systems – Welding of pipelines.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 3 of 25

INDEX

PART I GENERAL DATA ................................................................................................5

1. GUIDANCE TO USERS ................................................................................................... 5

PART II AMENDMENTS AND SUPPLEMENT TO ISO 13847.........................................6

AR 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 6

PM 3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS............................................................................................. 7

PM 3.6 COMPANY ........................................................................................................................ 7
PM 3.9 INTERNAL REPAIR.......................................................................................................... 7
AP 3.20 PRELIMINARY WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (PWPS)............................. 7
AP 3.21 WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD (WPQR) ..................................... 7

AR 4. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATED TERMS....................................................................... 7

AR 5.1 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 7

AR 5.4 INSPECTION AND TESTING OF TEST PIECES ............................................................ 8
AR 5.4.1 Scope of inspection and testing.................................................................................... 8
AR 5.4.3.1 Cutting of test specimens................................................................................................................ 8
AR 5.4.3.5 Impact testing.................................................................................................................................. 8
AR 5.4.3.7 Hardness testing ............................................................................................................................. 9
AP 5.4.3.9 Bend testing .................................................................................................................................... 9
AP 5.4.3.10 Ferrite content................................................................................................................................. 9
AP 5.4.3.11 Corrosion test.................................................................................................................................. 9
AP 5.4.3.12 Micrographic examination ............................................................................................................. 10
AR 5.5.2 Re-testing for approval of WPS ................................................................................... 10
AR 5.6.1 General........................................................................................................................... 10
PM 5.6.2 Related to the contractor ............................................................................................. 10
TR 5.6.3.1 Steel grade.................................................................................................................................... 10
TR 5.6.3.3 Supply condition............................................................................................................................ 10
AR 5.6.4.1 Welding process ........................................................................................................................... 10
PM 5.6.4.2 Welding positions.......................................................................................................................... 10
AR 5.6.4.4 Type of joint .................................................................................................................................. 10
AP 5.6.4.4.1 Welding equipment ....................................................................................................................... 11
PM 5.6.4.7 Arc energy..................................................................................................................................... 11
TR 5.6.4.10 Post-weld heating ......................................................................................................................... 11
AP 5.6.4.17 Number of passes......................................................................................................................... 11
AP 5.6.4.18 Stringer/Weave ............................................................................................................................. 11
AP 5.6.4.19 Number of welders........................................................................................................................ 11
PM 5.6.5.3 Gas metal arc welding and gas-shielded flux-cored arc welding................................................... 11
PM 5.6.5.4 Gas tungsten arc welding ............................................................................................................. 11
AR 5.7 WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION FOR REPAIR WELDING ......................... 11
TR 5.8 PERIOD OF VALIDITY ................................................................................................... 12

TR 6. APPROVAL AND TESTING OF WELDERS AND WELDING OPERATORS .............. 12

AR 7.2 EQUIPMENT................................................................................................................... 13
AR 7.4 WEATHER CONDITIONS .............................................................................................. 13
AR 7.5 PIPE END PREPARATION ............................................................................................ 13
AR 7.7 LINE-UP .......................................................................................................................... 13
AR 7.8 TACK WELDING............................................................................................................. 13
AR 7.10 ELECTRODES AND FILLER MATERIALS .................................................................... 14
AR 7.11 SHIELDING AND BACKING GAS .................................................................................. 14
AR 7.12 PREHEATING................................................................................................................. 14
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 4 of 25

TR 7.15 INTERNAL WELD BEAD ................................................................................................ 14

PM 7.16.1 Girth welding ................................................................................................................. 14
AP 7.16.3 Manual and partly mechanized welding ..................................................................... 15
AP 7.16.4 Fully mechanized and automatic welding .................................................................. 15
PM 7.17 WELD CLEANING AND PEENING ................................................................................ 15
PM 7.18 PARTIALLY COMPLETED WELDS ............................................................................... 15
TR 7.19 POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT................................................................................. 15
TR 7.20 PIPE AND WELD RECORD ........................................................................................... 15

AR 8.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 16

AP 8.1.1 Extent of NDE ................................................................................................................ 16
PM 8.2 QUALIFICATION OF NDE PERSONNEL ...................................................................... 16
AR 8.3 NDE PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION............................................................................ 16
AP 8.3.1 Visual and liquid penetrant procedure qualification ................................................. 17
AP 8.3.2 Ferrite and hardness test procedure qualification .................................................... 17
PM 8.4 VISUAL EXAMINATION ................................................................................................. 17
PM 8.5.1 Technique ...................................................................................................................... 17
PM 8.5.3 Procedure qualification ................................................................................................ 17
AP 8.5.3.1 Evaluation of image quality ........................................................................................................... 18
PM 8.5.4 Information on radiograph ........................................................................................... 18
AR 8.5.5 Weld coverage............................................................................................................... 18
PM 8.5.6 Screens .......................................................................................................................... 18
PM 8.5.7 Radiographic density ................................................................................................... 19
AP 8.5.10 Radiation safety ............................................................................................................ 19
AP 8.6.1.0 Technique ..................................................................................................................................... 19
AR 8.6.1 Procedure specification ............................................................................................... 19
AP 8.6.1.1 AUE Procedure specification ........................................................................................................ 19
TR 8.6.2 Equipment...................................................................................................................... 20
AP 8.6.2.1 Probe ............................................................................................................................................ 20
AR 8.6.3 Calibration and construction of reference curve....................................................... 20
AR 8.6.4 Manual ultrasonic examination ................................................................................... 22
AR 8.6.5 Ultrasonic procedure qualification ............................................................................. 22
TR 8.7 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION ........................................................................ 22
TR 8.8 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION ........................................................................... 22

PM 9.3.1 Weld profile.................................................................................................................... 23

PM 9.3.2 Undercut ........................................................................................................................ 23
AP 9.3.3 Arc strike........................................................................................................................ 23
AP 9.3.4 Linear Misalignment ..................................................................................................... 23
AP 9.3.5 Mechanical damage ...................................................................................................... 23
PM 9.4.7 Cracks ............................................................................................................................ 23
AR 9.5.1 General........................................................................................................................... 23
TR 9.5.2 AND 9.5.3 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA.................................................................................. 24
AP 9.9 FERRITE CONTENT MEASUREMENT ......................................................................... 24
AP 9.10 HARDNESS TEST .......................................................................................................... 25

PM 10.1 GENERAL ....................................................................................................................... 25

PM 10.2 AUTHORIZATION FOR REPAIR.................................................................................... 25

TR ANNEX A....................................................................................................................................... 25

TR ANNEX B....................................................................................................................................... 25

TR ANNEX C....................................................................................................................................... 25

PM ANNEX D ...................................................................................................................................... 25
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 5 of 25

PART I GENERAL DATA

1. GUIDANCE TO USERS

This Specification covers the basic technical requirements for welding and NDE of the onshore
pipelines, and is based on International Standard IS0 13847 Petroleum and natural gas industries –
Pipeline transportation systems – Welding of pipelines.
Application of this specification is restricted to austenitic ferritic stainless steel pipes and fittings
included in groups 10.1 and 10.2 of ISO/TR 15608, Table 1; with diameter of 20 mm and larger and
wall thickness 3 mm and greater.
In group 10.1 are included steels with nominal Cr content of 22% (duplex); in group 10.2 are included
steels with nominal Cr content of 25% (super duplex).
The welding processes covered by this specification are shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc
welding, gas metal arc welding, flux-cored arc welding with shielding gas, and submerged arc
welding. For the nomenclature and reference numbers of the processes, the reference standard is
ISO 4063.

This specification is constituted of two Parts.

- Part I gives information about the general data and approach used for development of the
specification.
- Part II gives amendments and supplements to International Standard ISO 13847, therefore this
specification shall be read in conjunction with the said standard.

For clarity, the sections and paragraph numbering of ISO 13847 has been used. Clauses and
paragraphs of ISO 13847 which are not amended by this Specification shall remain applicable as
written.

The clauses in PART II have been marked with the following abbreviations:
- AP: Denotes that an Additional Paragraph has been enclosed in ISO 13847.
- AR: Denotes that Additional Requirements have been addressed in an existing paragraph of ISO
13847.
- PM: Denotes a Partial Modification to the requirements stated to an existing paragraph of ISO
13847.
- TR: Denotes a Total Replacement of an existing paragraph of ISO 13847.

Any discrepancies noted by the user shall be notified in writing to the Company.
Additional requirements not covered in this Specification may be agreed between the
Contractor and Company.
In case of conflict between the requirements stated in this specification with others specified in the
applicable referenced codes and standard, the most stringent shall govern.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 6 of 25

PART II AMENDMENTS AND SUPPLEMENT TO ISO 13847

AR 2. NORMATIVE REFERENCES
ASTM A 923 Standard Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex
Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels
ASTM G 48 Standard Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless
Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution
BS 7448 Part 2 Fracture Mechanics Toughness Tests Part 2. Method for Determination of Klc
Critical CTOD and Critical J Values of Welds in Metallic Materials
BS 7910 Guide on Methods for Assessing the Acceptability of Flaws in Fusion welded
structures.
EN 287-1 Qualification test of welders – Fusion welding. Part 1: Steels
ISO 3581 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting
steels
ISO 6848 Arc welding and cutting-Nonconsumable tungsten electrodes. Classification
ISO 9712 Non-destructive testing – Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
ISO 14174 Fluxes for submerged arc welding and electroslag welding
ISO 14175 Welding consumables – Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied
processes
ISO 14343 Wire electrodes, strip electrodes, wire and rods for fusion welding of stainless and
heat-resisting steels
ISO 15607 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials –
General rules
ISO 15609-1 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials –
Welding procedure specification. Part 1: Arc welding
ISO 17633 Tubular cored electrodes and rods for gas shielding and non-gas shielded metal
arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels
CEN/TR 14748 Non-destructive testing - Methodology for qualification of non-destructive tests
ISO 13623 Petroleum and natural gas industries – Pipeline transportation systems
ISO 17637 Non-destructive testing of welds - Visual testing of fusion-welded joints
ISO 17640 Non-destructive testing of welds - Ultrasonic testing - Techniques, testing levels,
and assessment
ISO 17636 Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing of fusion-welded joints
ISO 6520-1 Welding and allied processes – Classification of geometric imperfections in
metallic materials – Part 1: Fusion welding
ISO 3452-1 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 1: General principles
ISO 3452-3 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing - Part 3: Reference test blocks
ISO 2400 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Specification for calibration block No.
1
IS0 7963 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Specification for calibration block No.
2
ISO 5580 Non-destructive testing - Industrial radiographic illuminators - Minimum
requirements
EN 583-2 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic examination - Part 2: Sensitivity and range
setting
ISO 22825 Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic testing – Testing of welds in austenitic steel
and nickel-based alloy
ASTM A790 Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless
Steel Pipe
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 7 of 25

PM 3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

PM 3.6 COMPANY
The Company is, ENI Exploration & Production Division

PM 3.9 INTERNAL REPAIR

Type of repair not permitted

AP 3.20 PRELIMINARY WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (PWPS)

A document containing the required variables of the welding procedure which has to be qualified

AP 3.21 WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD (WPQR)

Record comprising all necessary data needed for qualification of a preliminary welding procedure
specification

AR 4. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATED TERMS

WPQR Welding Procedure Qualification Record

PWPS Preliminary Welding Procedure Specification
AUE Automated Ultrasonic Examination
PREN Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number

AR 5.1 GENERAL
All welding procedures shall be qualified using the material designed for the project and supplied in
accordance with the project material specifications.
Welding procedures previously qualified are not acceptable; any deviation shall be agreed with the
Company.
Welding procedures shall be qualified by the Contractor using the same type of equipment that is
intended for production welding (see AP5.6.4.4.1).
All WPS employed for fabrication shall be submitted with supporting WPQR to the Company for
review and approval prior to the start of any production welding.
Prior to welding procedure qualification, Contractor shall have all PWPS approved by Company with
the statement “Approved for qualification”.

Company, or its representative, shall have the right to witness all of the following:
1. welding procedure qualifications
2. production welding, testing, and inspection
3. welder qualification testing
4. laboratory testing
5. test data

Contractor shall give Company at least 3 weeks in advance notice of all welding procedure
qualification testing, welder qualification testing, and laboratory testing.
On satisfactory completion of WPQR, a final WPS shall be produced.
This shall be based on the PWPS, which shall be modified to reflect any changes that were recorded
during the qualification tests.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 8 of 25

AR 5.4 INSPECTION AND TESTING OF TEST PIECES

Mechanical tests shall be performed at the presence of Company or its representative; in case of an
accredited laboratory according to ISO/IEC 17025, Company can reserve the right to attend the
tests.

AR 5.4.1 Scope of inspection and testing

Table 1-Inspection and testing of the test pieces for girth welding

Type of inspection/test Extent of inspection/testing

Visual 100%
Radiographic a 100%
Transverse tensile test 2 specimens
Impact test b 2 sets for t≤ 20 mm
4 sets for t > 20 mm
Bend test 4 specimens
Macro examination and HV10 hardness test 1 specimen
Ferrite content see AR5.4.3.1
Micrographic examination see AR5.4.3.1
Corrosion test see AP5.4.3.11
Austenite spacing by agreement
All-weld metal tensile test c by agreement
a
this may be supplemented/replaced by UE by agreement
b
test is not required for t < 6 mm
c
optional requirement to confirm overmatching of the yield strength of the weld metal

AR 5.4.3.1 Cutting of test specimens

Bend specimens shall be taken from the location indicated in Figure 1 and 2 of ISO 13847, area 1
and area 3.
For determination of ferrite content, austenite spacing and micrographic examination the specimens,
transverse to the weld, shall be taken from the following locations:
- For welding position PA and PC, one specimen shall be taken from any location on the
circumference.
- For welding positions different from PA and PC, two specimens shall be taken, one from area 2
and one from area 4 in Figure 1 of ISO 13847.

For corrosion test, if performed, the locations of test specimens shall be determined by Company's
inspector or his representative after inspection of each test weld made for qualification purposes.

AR 5.4.3.5 Impact testing

In any case the test temperature shall not be higher than -20 °C.
For welds on pipe with wall thickness over 25 mm, at least the same requirements for wall thickness
equal to 25 mm or less shall apply.
Each set of three specimens shall meet the following requirements:

Test specimens size Average value for Minimum value of

(mm) each set (J) each specimen
(J)
10 x 10 70 50
10 x 7,5 47 44
10 x 5 42 25
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 9 of 25

AR 5.4.3.7 Hardness testing

In the case of sour service, in WM and HAZ the average hardness shall not exceed 310 HV10, and
no individual reading shall exceed 320 HV10; in the base metal no individual reading shall exceed
286 HV10.
In the case of non-sour service, in WM and HAZ the average hardness shall not exceed 350 HV10,
and no individual reading shall exceed 360 HV10; in the base metal no individual reading shall
exceed 330 HV10.

AP 5.4.3.9 Bend testing

Specimens and testing for bend testing for girth joints shall be in accordance with ISO 5173. For
thicknesses < 12 mm two root and two face bend test specimens shall be tested. For thicknesses ≥
12 mm four side bend specimens are recommended instead of root and face bend tests.
The diameter of the former shall be 4t and the bending angle shall be 180° for parent metal with
elongation A ≥20 %. For parent metal with elongation A < 20 % the following formula shall be
applied:

(100  ts )
d  ts
A
where:
d is the diameter of the former
ts is the thickness of the bend test specimen
A is the minimum tensile elongation required by the material specification.

The bend test shall be considered acceptable if no crack or other imperfection exceeding 3 mm, in
any direction, is present in the weld or between the weld and the fusion zone after bending. Cracks
that originate on the outer radius of the bend along the edges of the specimen during testing and that
are less than 6 mm, measured in any direction, shall not be considered unless welding imperfections
are observed.
Each specimen subjected to the bend test shall meet the above requirements.

AP 5.4.3.10 Ferrite content

One transverse section of the test weld shall be microscopically examined to determine the ferrite-
austenite ratio The method of determination shall conform to ASTM E 562
The ferrite content in the weld metal and in the heat affected zone shall be between 35 ÷ 65%; if
values outside the range indicated are detected, the procedure qualification is rejected; the
appropriate parameters shall be modified and the procedure requalified in accordance with the
requirements of this specification.

AP 5.4.3.11 Corrosion test

If not otherwise specified by the Company, corrosion test according to ASTM A 923 Method C shall
be performed on two specimens taken from different areas of the test piece; each specimen shall
include base metal, WM and HAZ.
By agreement with the Company, pitting test shall be performed according to ASTM G 48, Method A
(ferric chloride test) on two specimens. The minimum test temperature shall be 22 ± 1°C for duplex
and 40 ± 1°C for super duplex, for a test period of 24 hours; different testing conditions shall be
agreed with the Company.
A visual examination at x20 and photographic reproduction of specimen surfaces, are often sufficient
to detect pitting on the specimens; dye penetrant examination may be used for locating pits.
A more detailed examination can include an evaluation of specimen mass loss. Mass loss corrosion
rates greater than or equal to 0.0004 g/cm2 may be indicative of pitting corrosion.
The Contractor shall define on which main welding procedures test shall be performed.
Where a welding procedure qualification test weld fails to meet the applicable acceptance criteria, the
appropriate parameters shall be modified and the procedure requalified in accordance with the
requirements of this specification.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 10 of 25

AP 5.4.3.12 Micrographic examination

The cross-section of the weld metal, HAZ and base metal shall be examined. The microstructure
shall be suitably etched and examined at x400 magnification and shall have grain boundaries with no
continuous precipitates. Intermetallic phases, nitrides and carbides shall not exceed 1% in total. The
sigma phase shall not exceed 0,5%; for values exceeding the mentioned limits, further impact and
corrosion testing shall be performed.
By agreement with the Company, austenite spacing shall be performed according to ASTM E 112-
96.

AR 5.5.2 Re-testing for approval of WPS

For impact testing, where the results from a set of three specimens do not comply with the
requirements (average value below the minimum and/or only one value below the minimum required
for each specimen), three additional specimens shall be taken. The average value of these
specimens together with the initial results shall not be lower than the required average.
For hardness testing, retesting is permitted only if a single hardness value in any test zone (base
metal, WM and HAZ) is above the values indicated in AP5.4.3.7.
None of the additional hardness values shall exceed the maximum hardness values above indicated.
For bend testing, if one specimen fails to meet the requirements of AP5.4.3.9, two further specimens
shall be taken; both shall satisfy the requirements of AP5.4.3.9.

AR 5.6.1 General
The essential variables are welding conditions that, if modified beyond the specified range, requires
the approval of another WPS in accordance with ISO 13847.
Welding conditions other than essential variables can be modified without new qualification, provided
that the same are approved by the Company and that the procedure specification is revised and up-
dated.

PM 5.6.2 Related to the contractor

Transfer of an approved WPS between contractors is not permitted.

TR 5.6.3.1 Steel grade

All welding procedures shall be qualified using the material designed for the project. In any case,
change in the PREN value shall not exceed – 1,5 or + 2,5 the PREN of the material used for
qualification. PREN shall be calculated as given in equation:
- PREN = % Cr + 3,3 (% Mo+0,5 % W) + 16 % N

TR 5.6.3.3 Supply condition

All welding procedures shall be qualified using the material supplied in accordance with the project
material specifications.

AR 5.6.4.1 Welding process

A change from single-wire to multiple-wire system or vice versa, requires the requalification of
welding procedures

PM 5.6.4.2 Welding positions

In Table 4, position PG shall be replaced with PJ and PF shall be replaced with PH according to ISO
6947:2011.

AR 5.6.4.4 Type of joint

A major change in joint design (e.g. from U grove to V groove).
Minor changes in the bevel angle within the tolerance indicated in the WPS are allowed.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 11 of 25

AP 5.6.4.4.1 Welding equipment

The following changes require the re-qualification of welding procedure: any considerable change in
equipment and model for mechanized welding equipment that potentially affects the mechanical and
metallurgical properties.

PM 5.6.4.7 Arc energy

Any change outside the range ± 15 % of the single values for volts, amps and travel speed
determined from the WPQR shall constitute a change in essential variables.
The qualified range of arc energy shown in the production WPS shall be based on, per weld pass,
the highest instantaneous arc energy measured during qualification welding plus 10 % and the
lowest instantaneous arc energy minus 10%.

TR 5.6.4.10 Post-weld heating

Post-weld heating is not applied.

AP 5.6.4.17 Number of passes

Change from multi-pass to single-pass or vice versa requires the re-qualification of the welding
procedure.

AP 5.6.4.18 Stringer/Weave
Stringer to weave more than three times the specified filler material diameter requires the
requalification of welding procedures.
Weave technique is not allowed in socket welding.

AP 5.6.4.19 Number of welders

A decrease in number of welders for root and hot pass.

PM 5.6.5.3 Gas metal arc welding and gas-shielded flux-cored arc welding
The qualification given to the shielding gas is restricted to the symbol of the gas according to ISO
14175. However, the content of CO2, shall not exceed 10% of that used to qualify the procedure test.
Shielding gases not covered by ISO 14175 are restricted to the nominal composition used in the test.

For mechanized or automatic welding, a change exceeding ± 20% in the oscillation variables
(amplitude, frequency, dwell time).

PM 5.6.5.4 Gas tungsten arc welding

A decrease of minimum number of weld passes deposited before cessation of backing gas supply. A
reduction in the time of gas purge supply prior to welding.
For gas backing flow rate, any change exceeding ±15%.
The qualification given to the shielding gas is restricted to the symbol of the gas according to ISO
14175. Shielding gases not covered by ISO 14175, are restricted to the nominal composition used in
the test.

AR 5.7 WELDING PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION FOR REPAIR WELDING

For repair welding, the applicable welding processes can be used with the following restrictions:
- low hydrogen processes shall be used (< 5 ml/100 g)
- welding without filler material additions is not permitted
- automatic 12 (SAW) is not permitted

The following repair by welding are considered:

a. through thickness weld repair
b. repair of finishing run only

A separate qualification is required for each of the above mentioned type of repair.
The essential variables and range of approval are the same specified at 5.6 of ISO 13847.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 12 of 25

The following NDT shall be performed for both a) and b):

- Visual examination
- Radiographic examination

In case a), the following test specimens shall be cut from the test weld for mechanical testing:
1 for macroscopic examination and HV10 hardness test;
1 for transverse tensile test;
1 for micrographic examination
1 for ferrite content
1 set of three specimens for impact tests in weld metal at root for thickness ≤ 20 mm
1 set of three specimens for impact tests at the fusion line at root for thickness ≤ 20 mm
1 set of three specimens for impact tests in weld metal at root and 1 set at face for thickness > 20
mm
1 set of three specimens for impact tests at the fusion line at root and 1 set at face for thickness > 20
mm
Corrosion test can be performed (see AP5.4.3.11)

In case b), the following specimens shall be cut from the test weld for mechanical testing:
1 for macroscopic examination and HV10 hardness test;
1 for micrographic examination
1 for ferrite content
Corrosion test can be performed (see AP5.4.3.11)

The test methods and acceptance criteria shall be the same as those used for the qualification of the
welding procedure.

TR 5.8 PERIOD OF VALIDITY

The period of validity of an approved WPS is limited to the specific project.

TR 6. APPROVAL AND TESTING OF WELDERS AND WELDING OPERATORS

All welders and welding operators employed by the Contractor for the construction of the pipeline,
shall be subjected to qualification tests by the Company's Inspector before being allowed to perform
production welding, according to:
- ISO 9606-1 or EN 287-1 for manual and partly mechanized welding processes
- ISO 14732 or EN 1418 for fully mechanized and automatic welding processes

For qualification, each welder or welding operator shall make a test weld in accordance with the
approved WPS; simulating the actual working conditions as far as possible.

More than one welder/welding operator may be employed in welding a test piece provided each
welder/welding operator completes at least 50 % of the circumference of a weld pass. The position of
each welder/welding operator shall be clearly identified when employing more than one
welder/welding operator.
Where more than one welding process or welder/welding operator is employed in producing a test
piece, the approval of the welders/welding operators for production welding shall be limited to their
part of the weld of the test piece.
Separate test welding shall be performed for the approval of a welder/welding operator for girth,
branch, and fillet welding, except that a branch welding approval shall also cover for fillet welding.

Welders/welding operators who have completed the test piece for the successful approval of the
WPS in accordance with para. 5 should be deemed approved for production welding.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 13 of 25

AR 7.2 EQUIPMENT
In order to guarantee that the pipeline is properly welded, the Contractor shall be provided with
equipment suitable to the nature of the work, and arrange for the maintenance of the same, which
shall be performed during welding operations so that the equipment is always in perfect order.
The Welding Contractor shall keep an adequate stock of spare parts and/or ready-to-use spare
equipment in the workplace to ensure continuity of operations at all times during the performance of
the work and minimize interruptions of work due to break down.
The Welding Contractor shall also store and handle gas cylinders in compliance with safety
regulations; the same shall be stored in suitable premises not subject to wide variations of
temperature, and shall be kept away from direct heat sources; damaged cylinders shall not be used.

AR 7.4 WEATHER CONDITIONS

The Company's Inspector may stop the welding operations if, in his opinion, the protective measures
are inadequate

AR 7.5 PIPE END PREPARATION

Bevelling shall be done by machining, or by machine plasma cutting followed by filing or grinding.
If burns, small score marks, indentations or other minor imperfections occur within the joint
preparation area, the pipe shall be re-prepared unless blending out by grinding is approved by the
employer.
The bevelled surface and adjacent material, over a distance of at least 50 mm inside and outside the
pipe, shall be free from scale, rust, paint, grease, moisture and other imperfections that may affect
the weld quality.
All equipment and tools used for the preparation of the pipe ends shall be of suitable material to
avoid contamination of the base metal with incompatible elements. (for example tools used on
carbon steel).

AR 7.7 LINE-UP
Pipes having an OD of up to 219 mm may be aligned with an external clamp.
Pipes having an OD greater than 219 mm shall be lined-up with an internal pneumatic clamp.
Fittings shall be aligned with manually or mechanically operated external clamps, regardless of
diameter.
All equipment and tools used for the alignment of the pipes shall be of suitable material to avoid
contamination of the base metal with incompatible elements. (for example tools used on carbon
steel).
In special situations, when the first run is made by a manual welding process and in the case of large
diameter pipes, the Company's Inspector may require the internal clamp to be removed after the
deposition of the second run.
In any event, pipes must not be subjected to shocks, or sudden movements during the laying on the
pipeline supports.

Supports shall be suitably spaced and placed as close as possible to both sides of the joint so as
to reduce the span between two subsequent supports.

AR 7.8 TACK WELDING

Root tack welds are not permitted. Where other types of tack welds are required, these shall be
subject to approval by the Company.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 14 of 25

AR 7.10 ELECTRODES AND FILLER MATERIALS

Electrodes, wires and wire/flux combinations, shall produce weld metal that has a 0.2 % proof
strength and tensile strength at least equal to the minimum specified for the parent metal.
A certificate issued by the Manufacturer shall define chemical composition, mechanical properties
and ferrite content of the deposited weld metal.

Filler materials shall be stored and handled in accordance with the recommendations of the
manufacturer/supplier. If the consumables or they packaging show sign of damage or deterioration,
they shall not be used. Examples are cracked or flaked coatings on covered electrodes, rusty or dirty
wire electrodes and wires with flaked or damaged protective coatings. Welding consumables
returned to the stores shall be treated in accordance with the manufacturer’s/supplier’s
recommendation before re-issue. When special protection or other treatment during storage or
immediately prior to use is recommended by the consumable manufacturer, these consumables
should be treated in accordance with the conditions detailed by the manufacturer.

When drying or baking, consumables should be removed from their original containers. After removal
from the oven, the consumables should be protected from exposure to conditions conducive to
moisture absorption. Drying ovens shall be provided with means of measuring the oven temperature.
In the case of welding consumables that have been specially packaged (e.g. vacuum or other
moisture resistance means) advice from the consumable manufacturer should be sought as to further
steps required for drying and baking.
If controlled hydrogen levels are required, it is recommended that welders be issued with electrodes
in heated quivers or sealed containers.

AR 7.11 SHIELDING AND BACKING GAS

For gas metal arc welding process, the following active shielding gas shall be used:
- Ar + CO2 with a max. CO2 content of 5%
- Ar + O2 with a max. O2 content of 3%
- Ar + CO2+O2 with max. CO2 content of 5% and max. O2 content of 3%

The use of different active shielding gas mixtures shall be agreed with the Company.
For flux cored metal arc welding process, the shielding gas recommended by the filler material
manufacturer shall be used.
For gas tungsten arc welding, the following shielding gas shall be used: Ar 99,99%, Ar + He, Ar +
max. 3% N; shielding gas with addition of H2 are not permitted.

Gas backing shall always be used and the following gas shall be used: inert gases (Ar, He), mixtures
of inert gases, pure N, Ar+N mixtures. Gas backing must be maintained until second pass is
completed. Flow rate is to be in the range 10-15 l/min.

AR 7.12 PREHEATING
Preheat is not normally required for duplex stainless steels but the pipe temperature may need to be
raised to prevent condensation on the fusion faces.

TR 7.15 INTERNAL WELD BEAD

The use of an internal weld bead is not permitted.

PM 7.16.1 Girth welding

Internal and external reinforcements and concavity shall not exceed the values specified in the
acceptance criteria of NDT.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 15 of 25

AP 7.16.3 Manual and partly mechanized welding

At least two welders should work simultaneously, one on each side, during welding on pipe with a
diameter larger than 219 mm. The first run shall be deposited without interruptions and completed as
quickly as possible regardless to the OD of the pipe.
During the deposit of the first run, the pipes shall not be subjected to shocks or sudden motions. The
provisions of AR7.7. shall apply, i.e. request may be made for the internal clamp to be removed after
the deposit of the second run.
The second and third run shall start immediately after cleaning of the first/second run and completed
without interruptions; in any case, pre-heating and interpass temperature shall be fulfilled.
The other runs shall be applied subsequently until the joint is completed, without further interruptions.

AP 7.16.4 Fully mechanized and automatic welding

Welding heads for automatic welding, normally operating from the outside may be used for the first
run only if the line-up is made with an internal pneumatic clamp.
The number of automatic heads shall be that specified in the qualified procedure; if two welding
heads are used, they shall be distributed along the joint so as to compensate for transverse
shrinkage of the weld, and shall, in any event, be controlled by two operators, one for each head.

PM 7.17 WELD CLEANING AND PEENING

All equipment and tools used for the cleaning of the pipe ends, for interpass and finishing weld
cleaning shall be of suitable material to avoid contamination of the base metal with incompatible
elements (for example tools used on carbon steel).

PM 7.18 PARTIALLY COMPLETED WELDS

Prior to the recommencement of welding, the joint shall be reheated to a temperature within the
interpass range specified in the WPS and the pre-heating shall be applied using the same methods
and procedures as specified in AR7.12.

TR 7.19 POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT

Post-weld heat treatment may be applied only in exceptional circumstances; individual requirements
and procedures shall be agreed with the Company.

TR 7.20 PIPE AND WELD RECORD

Each qualified welder shall be identifiable by the Company's Inspector at all times.
Each welder shall also place his identification mark on the length of weld performed by him: the first
run welder and those who shall perform the filling shall affix their marks in the order in which the runs
are performed. Cold marking with a metal die shall not be allowed.
All the joints shall be numbered with a numbering system established by the Company prior to
commencement of the work.
The joints of the pipeline which have been repaired after NDT inspection shall be identified and
numbered with details of the repair.

The joints cut out due to defects or rejected repair work shall be identified, numbered and kept by the
Contractor at the Company's disposal until the Contractor is authorized by the Company's Inspector
to dispose of them as scraps.
The welder’s identification marks and the identification marks of the joints shall be clearly readable
on the radiographic films.
The Contractor's welding personnel shall be the only persons responsible for compliance with the
above mentioned provisions.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 16 of 25

AR 8.1 GENERAL
The Company shall specify the requirements for frequency, extent and NDE methods; otherwise the
frequency and extent shall be as stated according to ISO 13623 par. 10.4.2 weld examination.
Specifications of all NDE procedures to be used shall be submitted to the Company for approval
before welding operations.
Unless otherwise specified the NDE of welds should be performed after cooling.

Unless otherwise specified by the Company, all completed girth welds shall be subjected to visual
examination and radiographic examination or automated ultrasonic examination (AUE).
Other NDE methods, as manual UE, could also be required for the characterisation of weld
imperfections.
Ferrite test shall be performed on all completed girth welds and, in case of sour services, also
hardness test shall be carried out.

AP 8.1.1 Extent of NDE

All completed girth welds shall be subjected to the following tests:

Extent of
Type of NDE Notes
examination
1 Visual examination 100% Mandatory
2 Dye penetrant examination 100% Mandatory
3 Radiographic Examination (RE) or 100% Mandatory
Automatic Ultrasonic Examination (AUE)a
4 Manual UEa By agreement with If required by
the Company the Company
5 Ferrite content measurement 100% Mandatory
6 Hardness test 100% Only for sour
services
a
AUE and manual UE should not be performed for t < 10 mm

Alternative NDE methods are subjected to Company approval (particularly in case of tie-ins,
transition joints, etc.).

PM 8.2 QUALIFICATION OF NDE PERSONNEL

NDE of welds shall be performed only by personnel qualified level 2 according to ISO 9712 last
edition, including visual examination.
Competences and responsibilities of NDE personnel are defined in ISO 9712 clause 5 and 6.

AR 8.3 NDE PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION

NDE procedures shall demonstrate the ability of NDE operators, the performance of equipment used
and its capability of detecting defects.
The qualification consists of one of the following items, after agreement with the Company:
a) Practical assessment (blind or open trial) conducted on the component or simplified or
representative test pieces resembling the component to be inspected.
b) Technical justification, which involves assembling all evidence on the effectiveness of the
test including previous experience of this application, experimental studies, mathematical
modelling , physical reasoning.
c) Appropriate mix of practical assessment and technical justification. The use of technical
justification should reduce practical assessment exercise.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 17 of 25

The operations regarding NDE procedure qualification must be conducted under the supervision of
the Company or its representative.

AP 8.3.1 Visual and liquid penetrant procedure qualification

During the trial demonstration it is possible to use standard samples to demonstrate sensitivity and
detecting capabilities.
For liquid penetrant examination, standard samples are defined in EN 3452-3; for visual examination
standard samples are defined by agreement with the Company.

AP 8.3.2 Ferrite and hardness test procedure qualification

Procedure demonstration shall be performed on samples with hardness and ferrite values certified by
accredited laboratories (recognized by ILAC-MRA).

PM 8.4 VISUAL EXAMINATION

Visual examination shall be carried out according to ISO 17637 with the exclusion of section 4.4.1.
The finished weld shall be examined to determine whether it meets the requirements of this
specification in terms of acceptance criteria.
Visual examinations shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure.

PM 8.5.1 Technique
Examination shall be carried out by X-ray according to IS0 17636-1. The technique shall be Class B.
Gamma-ray examination shall only be used if agreed by the Company and in any case it shall meet
requirements of IS0 17636-1 Class B.
Radiographic digital systems may only be used if agreed by the Company; digital systems devices
shall meet the requirements for sensitivity, contrast and density, of the conventional film and it shall
be demonstrated with comparable tests.

PM 8.5.3 Procedure qualification

IQIs shall be of wire type according to ISO 19232-1; IQI according to ASTM E747 may be used by
agreement with the Company.
For Single wall/Single Image Technique the IQI sensitivity for source side penetrameters shall be in
accordance with ISO 17636 and table 6 of ISO 13847.
For Double Wall/Single Image Technique, IQI sensitivities for film side penetrameters shall be in
accordance with the requirements of ISO 17636 Class B table B11.
When used, for Double Wall/Double Image technique IQI sensitivities shall be in accordance with the
requirements of ISO 17636 Class B table B11.

Table 6 - IQI sensitivity requirements for source-side penetrameter with single-side technique

Pipe wall thickness Penetrameter wire diameter IQI values IQI values
(mm) (mm) (ISO 19232-1) (ASTM E 747)
<6 0,10 W 16 W 02
6-8 0,125 W 15 W 03
8 -10 0,16 W 14 W 04
10 -16 0,20 W 13 W 05
16 - 25 0,25 W 12 W 06
25 - 32 0,32 W 11 W 07
32 - 40 0,40 W 10 W 08
40 - 50 0,50 W 09 W 09
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 18 of 25

Table 7 - IQI sensitivity requirements for Single- or double-wall technique: single or double
image; IQI on film side

Penetrated thickness w Penetrameter wire IQI values IQI values

mm (mm) diameter (mm) (ISO 19232-1) (ASTM E 747)
Up to 4 0,080 W17 W 01
Above 4 to 6 0,10 W16 W 02
Above 6 to 12 0,125 W15 W 03
Above 12 to 18 0,16 W14 W 04
Above 18 to 30 0,20 W13 W 05
Above 30 to 45 0,25 W12 W 06
Above 45 to 55 0,32 W11 W 07
Above 55 to 70 0,40 W10 W 08
Above 70 to 100 0,50 W09 W 09

AP 8.5.3.1 Evaluation of image quality

The film viewing room or enclosure shall be an area with subdued lighting to preclude objectionable
reflective glare from the surface of the film under examination.
Films viewers used for interpretation shall meet the requirements of ISO 5580.
From the examination of the image of the IQI on the radiograph, the number of the smallest wire or
hole which can be discerned is determined. The image of a wire is accepted if a continuous length of
at least 10 mm is clearly visible in a section of uniform optical density. In the case of the step and
hole type IQI, if there are two holes of the same diameter, both shall be discernible, in order to
consider the step as visible.
Magnifiers may be available to provide magnification up to X3 to aid in interpretation and determine
indication size, and image quality as applicable.
The image quality obtained shall be indicated on the report of the radiographic examination.

PM 8.5.4 Information on radiograph

The radiograph shall contain also the following information:
- exposure’s date.
If any doubt should arise, or in any event when the identification marks appearing on the films are
unclear, illegible or incomplete, Company’s inspector shall order the radiography to be repeated.

AR 8.5.5 Weld coverage

The number of radiographs for a complete examination is indicated in ISO 17636 -1 Annex A, which
gives an acceptable test of a circumferential butt weld. The size of the area to be examined includes
the weld and the heat affected zones. In general, about 10 mm of parent metal shall be examined on
each side of the weld.

PM 8.5.6 Screens
Good contact between films and screens is required. This may be achieved either by using vacuum-
packed films or by applying pressure.
When using a source greater than 120 kV, intensifying screens of the lead foil type are
recommended.
Tables 2 and 3 of ISO 17636-1 show the recommended screens materials and thickness for different
radiation energy and radiation source.
Front and back intensifying fluorometallic screens with a maximum thickness of 0.02 mm may be
used by agreement with the Company.
The specified radiographic quality level, density, and contrast shall be respected.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 19 of 25

PM 8.5.7 Radiographic density

The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of adjacent area to the designated wire
of a IQI and the area of interest shall not be less than 2.3 for X-ray and 2.5 for Gamma-ray up to the
maximum readable density of the film viewer; films viewers used for interpretation shall meet the
requirements of ISO 5580.
For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of the composite set shall have a
minimum density of 1.3.
Densitometers shall be calibrated at least every 90 days during use with step wedge calibration film
which having at least 5 steps with neutral densities film, traceable least from at 1.0 through 4.0. The
densitometer is acceptable if the density readings do not vary by more than ± 0.1 density units from
the actual density stated on step wedge calibration film.

AP 8.5.10 Radiation safety

Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays or Gamma-rays can be highly injurious to health.
Safety precautions when using ionizing radiation shall be strictly applied.

AP 8.6.1.0 Technique
Manual UE examination shall be performed according to ISO 22825.
Physical properties of duplex steels result in a variation of grain size and structure which entails
variation in attenuation and imperfection detectability.
Due to the coarse grain structure of the material and in particular in the weld metal a probe, which
generates compression waves at angles, shall be used in addition to straight beam and angle shear
wave probes.

AR 8.6.1 Procedure specification

Specifications for UE procedures shall define also the following:
- weld configurations to be examined, including thickness, dimensions and base material product
form (reference to the applicable WPS);
- planning scan;
- directions and extent of scanning X;
- scanning.

AP 8.6.1.1 AUE Procedure specification

Specifications for AUE procedures shall define the following:
- technique description;
- equipment description (brand, type, serial number);
- probes description (brand, frequency, dimension, type, serial number, wedge type);
- software description (number and revision);
- coupling description;
- planning scan;
- scan type and speed;
- condition and surface description (roughness indication and surface cleanness);
- bevel details (drawing) with the indication of the sectorial ultrasonic beam plans applied, probe
position, probe type and angle, gate level with the colour indication (scan plan);
- channel and probes recording method;
- calibration description, sensitivity level and probe position;
- calibration block details;
- calibration verification periodicity;
- step by step inspection operational;
- accuracy and sizing estimation;
- description of the evaluation method;
- interpretation and description of the signal.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 20 of 25

During the inspection planning, contractor shall guarantee the following conditions:
- guarantee the inspection of the whole volume of the weld plus 10 mm on both sides of the weld
grove or the heat affected zone (evaluated with macro test analysis);
- discriminate between geometrical (false calls) and real defects;
- allow detection of unfavourably flaw for the reflection technique;
- being able to determine the position of the defects along the circumference with an accuracy +/-
10 mm;
- automatically verify during the inspection, the accuracy of the system along the circumference;
- allow a resolution of at least 2 mm along the circumference;
- allow easy presentation in real time of the signal A-Scan, B-scan , C scan , S-scan and coupling
verification;
- guarantee for each channel:
o ratio signal/noise more than 20dB;
o gain selectable for each probe group;
o recording threshold from 10% to 100%;
- provide a digital copy of the complete inspection results.

TR 8.6.2 Equipment
The equipment shall meet the following requirements:
- it shall be applicable for the pulse-echo technique and for the double-probe technique;
- it shall cover a minimum frequency range from 1 to 10 MHz;
- it shall have a calibrated gain regulator with minimum 2 dB per step over a range of minimum 60
dB;
- it shall be equipped with a flat screen accessible from the front for direct plotting of Distance
Amplitude Curves (DAC) or with digital DAC- display presentation;
- it shall be able to clearly distinguish echoes with amplitudes of 5% of full screen height.

Each ultrasonic equipment shall have a certificate of calibration with reference to the equipment
serial number.
Ultrasonic equipment shall meet the requirements of EN 12668 (all parts) or ASTM E 317.

AP 8.6.2.1 Probe
Probes used for testing of welds on austenitic-ferritic (duplex) steels shall be straight beam
transducers and twin crystal focalised (transmitter/receiver) compression-wave transducers of 45°,
60° and 70°.
Probes used for testing of rolled steel plates shall be straight beam transducers, single or twin crystal
focalised.
The gap between the test surface and the bottom of the probe shoe shall not be greater than 0.5
mm. For cylindrical or spherical surfaces the requirement will normally be met when the equation
described in ISO 22825 at par.8.1 is satisfied.

AR 8.6.3 Calibration and construction of reference curve

Reference blocks, prepared from test material, containing welds produced in accordance with the
actual WPS are to be used for establishing of DAC. These reference blocks must have drilled holes
(Ø 2 mm or Ø 3 mm thickness) positioned in depths of 1/4 T, 1/2 T and 3/4 T.

The drilled holes (reflectors) must be located in centre of the weld metal or on the fusion line
depending on whether the scan is possible from both sides, or not.
Reference blocks for creep wave probes must contain 1.0 and 1.5 mm spark eroded or machined
notches at the scanning surfaces.
The surface condition of the reference blocks is to be similar to the condition of the parent material to
be examined.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 21 of 25

Sensitivity Block
when Scan is
possible only on
one side

Sensitivity Block
when Scan is
possible on
both sides

Reference
blocks for creep
wave.
Red and blue
notch length 25
mm.
Blue notches
depth 1mm.
Red notches
depth 1,5 mm.

Sensitivity calibration blocks shall be made in accordance with requirements of ISO 22825 Appendix
C.

Artificial reflectors shall be the following:

- for thickness within 10 ÷ 25mm reference DAC curves shall be made with side drilled hole (SDH)
 2mm and notches depth of 1mm;
- for thickness ≥ 25 mm reference DAC curves shall be made with side drilled hole (SDH)  3mm
and notches depth of 1,5 mm.

Calibration block No. 1 in accordance with ISO 2400 or calibration block No. 2 in accordance with IS0
7963 may be used for calibration of range. These blocks shall not be used for determining sensitivity.

Whenever material, bevel geometry, welding method or other factors call for additional
considerations in flaw detection, preparation of special calibration test pieces is required.
For examination of welds with surfaces at elevated temperatures, calibrations shall be made at the
same surface temperatures (± 10 °C) and with the same couplant as during the examination of
production welds or by using a correction table constructed by practical experiments.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 22 of 25

AR 8.6.4 Manual ultrasonic examination

Tandem techniques with mode conversion or round trip tandem technique according to ISO 22825
A.4 may be used for girth welds with a bevel angle between 0° and 10° if required by the Company.
When using straight-beam probes for weld examination, the DAC curve shall be drawn similarly to
that for angle probes (see Figure 5).

Figure 5 (Figure A.6 ISO 22825)

AR 8.6.5 Ultrasonic procedure qualification

For qualification of semi-automated or automated ultrasonic methods (like TOFD and Phased Array)
CEN/TR 14748 can be applied as guide line.

TR 8.7 MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION

The MPE shall not be performed.

TR 8.8 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION

LPE shall be performed according to ISO 3452-1.

Specifications for LPE procedures shall define the following:

- quality and dimension of material to be examined;
- welding process;
- type of equipment;
- compatibility of testing materials with the parts to be tested;
- preparation, pre-cleaning and testing;
- inspection;
- acceptance criteria;
- post cleaning and protection;
- retesting;
- reporting.

In order to verify the LPE procedure it is recommended to use a reference object with known defects
such as a testing panel described in ISO 3452-3 or equivalent.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 23 of 25

The reference object and the penetrant products shall achieve, before testing, the same temperature
as relevant for the actual testing to be performed.
The minimum defect size to be detected shall respond to the maximum acceptable defect zone.

PM 9.3.1 Weld profile

Weld reinforcement shall be uniform and shall merge smoothly; for butt joint the toe blend angle
should be equal to or less than 30° with the adjacent parent metal surfaces. Both external and
internal reinforcement should not exceed a height of 3 mm.
For T butt joint and fillet weld the toe blend angle should be equal to or less than 70° with the
adjacent parent metal surfaces.

PM 9.3.2 Undercut
When visual and mechanical means are used to determine depth, the aggregate length of undercut,
both external and internal, shall not exceed 50 mm in any continuous 300 mm of weld length or 15%
of the weld length.

In any case undercut shall not be deeper than 1 mm or 10% of the pipe wall thickness, whichever is
smaller.

AP 9.3.3 Arc strike

Local damage to the surface of the parent metal adjacent to the weld, resulting from arcing or striking
the arc outside the weld groove.
This imperfection is not permitted and it must be removed and repaired according to para. 7.13 of
ISO 13847.

AP 9.3.4 Linear Misalignment

Misalignment between two welded pieces such that while their surface planes are parallel, they are
not in the required same plane.
The maximum permitted misalignment is 2 mm or 0.5 t, whichever is smaller, where t is thickness of
the parent metal.

AP 9.3.5 Mechanical damage

Local damage to the surface of the parent metal adjacent to the weld, internal or external, resulting
from any activities (e.g. local damage due to grinding).
This imperfection shall be smoothly blended and the maximum admissible depth is 1 mm.

PM 9.4.7 Cracks
Cracks, other than crater and star cracks, shall not be permitted.

AR 9.5.1 General
Indications from UE examination shall be evaluated as planar or volumetric indications in accordance
with ISO 23279.
When indications are classified as planar they shall be characterized as:
- cracks;
- lack of penetrations;
- lack of fusions.

The acceptance criteria are applicable both to manual UE and AUE.

eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 24 of 25

TR 9.5.2 AND 9.5.3 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

Maximum lenght
Thickness (mm) Indication Height
Root and cap surface Embedded

<=50% DAC Acceptable Acceptable

10 mm ≤ t ≤ 25 mm
<=100% DAC 25 mm 50 mm
(DAC with SDH 2 mm)
>100% DAC Not acceptable Not acceptable

<=33% DAC Acceptable Acceptable

t > 25mm <=50% DAC 25mm o 50mm a/b Acceptable

(DAC with SDH 3 mm) <=100% DAC 25 mm 50 mm

>100% DAC Not acceptable Not acceptable

a) If the defect is a marginal undercut and his length is equal or less than 1 mm it will be
acceptable to its maximum length of 50 mm or 15% of the circumference (whichever is
smaller).
b) If the defect is on the surface it will be acceptable to its maximum length of 25 mm or 8% of
the circumference (whichever is smaller).

- Cracks are not permitted; if there is any suspect it should be assessed by manual UE.
- Maximum dimension of burn through is 6 mm and a maximum number of two burns through on
300 mm length of weld are permitted.
- For cluster porosity maximum length is 13 mm and maximum height is 3 mm (the smallest
between 3 mm or 0.25 of thickness (TOFD/B-Scan)).
- The sum of defect lengths in each individual section of 300 mm of continuous welding shall not
exceed 25 mm if located on inner surface and 50 mm in the volume or on outer surface.
- Imperfections separated by less than the length of the longer of the two, should be evaluated as
one flaw; the length will be equal to the sum of the lengths of the two flaws and the length
between them.
- A defect (axial) is considered isolated if the distance between the first and the second is greater
than the separation of the two.
- A flaw (embedded) is considered isolated if the first flaw respect to the second flaw is located at
least 1 and ½ more than the height separation between the two.
- A defect is considered surface breaking when it is far from the inner or outer surface with a
distance equal to its height.

AP 9.9 FERRITE CONTENT MEASUREMENT

Ferrite content measurement shall be carried out on external parts of the welded joint by ferritoscope
approved by the Company and properly adjusted.
Ferrite measurements shall be performed on the entire welded circumference; all regions of the
weldment shall be examined.
The average value of the different readings in every position shall be between 35% and 65%.
The appropriate test procedure shall be approved before testing by the Company.
eni spa 05700.PLI.MME.SDS
Rev. 2 – July 2013
exploration & production division
Page 25 of 25

AP 9.10 HARDNESS TEST

In case of sour service surface hardness test shall be carried out on weld metal by comparison
hardness tester approved by the Company.
Surface hardness measurements shall be carried out at least in one position for each joint.
For each position three readings shall be carried out. The average value of the three readings shall
not exceed 310 HV10 (295 HB), and no individual reading shall exceed 320 HV10 (303 HB).
In the case of non-sour service the average value shall not exceed 350 HV10 (331 HB), and no
individual reading shall exceed 360 HV10 (341 HB).
The appropriate test procedure shall be approved before testing by the Company.

PM 10.1 GENERAL
A WPS for repair welding shall be approved according to AR5.7.

PM 10.2 AUTHORIZATION FOR REPAIR

Internal repair is not permitted.

TR ANNEX A

This annex is not applicable.

TR ANNEX B

This annex is not applicable.

TR ANNEX C

This annex is not applicable.

PM ANNEX D

This annex is applicable with exclusion of magnetic particle examination report.