Drug Scenario in The Philippines
Drug Scenario in The Philippines
Drug Scenario in The Philippines
What is drug?
drugs are substances that change a person’s mental or physical stateare any substances or
chemicals which when taken into the body either through nasal, oral, transdermal or intravenous
ways have psychological, emotional and behavioral effects of a person.
Classification of drugs how and why drugs are used and abuse?
What are classification?
Classifying drugs by chemical similarities is useful because drugs that are chemically similar
have similar impacts and risks. An individual who is addicted to a given drug is more likely to
abuse chemically similar drugs. Also, the same treatment is often effective for chemically similar
drugs.
Drug classification based on chemical makeup
Alcohol
*Most widely abused substance across most of the world
*Alcohol creates a feeling of euphoria and lowers inhibitions, but it also severly impairs
judgement, perception, and reaction times
*alcohol is a central nervous system depressants, but it causes the most sever long term damage
to liver.
*beer, wine, liquor
Examples of alcohol:
Beer
Liquor
Wine
Opioids
also called opiates
*opioids works in the brain to produce a variety of effects, including pain relief
* opioids are some of the most addictive of all known substances and they are also some of the
deadliest
Benzodiazephine
*are depressants that produced sedation and hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscles spasms and
reduced seizures
*benzos are prescribed to treat a wide variety of psychiatric and sleep conditions but they are
commonly abused
*ativan and valium ( treat anxiety and trouble sleeping)
*xanax ( commonly used in management of anxiety disorders and panic disorders)
Cannabinoids
*Cannabinoids creates a feeling of elation, known as a high, but also negatively impact mental
and physical functioning
*most widely abused drugs after alcohol, and they are increasingly gaining legal acceptance
*marijuana “mary jane”
*haslish “hash”
Barbiturates
*were historically popular for the treatment of psychiatric and sleep disorders.
*they are still used for anesthesia and treatment of epilepsy or headaches
*barbiturates are medications that cause you to relax or feel downsy
*amytal ( anti anxiety medication) luminal and phenobarbital ( helps to control certain kinds of
seizures )
Amytal. luminal phenobarbital
Inhalants
*Vast range of chemicals that are ingested primarily by breathing them in or huffing
*Most inhalants are commonly used materials that are in no way designed to be ingested by
humans
*The use of inhalants is incredibly dangerous and causes many serious health effects
*Paint tinner
*Nail polish remover
*Gasoline
paint thinner nail polish remover gasoline
Concepts of drug education
Drugs Are any substances or chemicals which when taken into the body either though nasal,
oral, transdermal or intravenous way have psychological, emotional and behavioral effects on a
person.
Drugs of abuse
Are drugs commonly abused by user
Drug dependence
A cluster of physiological, behavioral and cognitive phenomena of variable intensity in
which the use of a drug takes on a high priority thereby creating a strong desire to take
the substance.
Drug misuse
The use of a substance incoherent or inconsistent with the prescribed dosage or frequency
of use.
Drug abuse
The use of a substance for non-medical purposes. Abuse leads to organ damage like brain
damage and liver damage, addiction and troubled behavioral patterns.
Drug tolerance
Is the condition of the body to adapt to the effects of substances to the body thus
requiring an even larger amount of the substance to the body thus requiring an even
larger amount of the substance to experience the same physiological and mental effect
experienced when taking the smaller dosage.
Legal drugs
approved by the government for medical or recreational use, are crucial for informed health
decisions, responsible use, risk reduction, healthcare guidance, and addressing addiction, misuse,
and public health issues.
offer pain relief, illness treatment, and social benefits, but misuse can lead to addiction, health
issues, and social problems, making a balance between access and safety crucial for society.
Alcohol: Alcohol is a depressant that affects coordination, judgment, and can lead to addiction
Cocaine- typically comes in the form of a white powder, which can be snorted, smoked, or
dissolved and injected.
Narcotics refer to a class of drugs that act on the central nervous system to produce pain relief
and induce drowsiness or euphoria. They include both legal medications, such as prescription
opioids used for pain management, and illegal substances like heroin. Alcohol: Alcohol is a
depressant that affects coordination, judgment, and can lead to addiction
Cocaine- typically comes in the form of a white powder, which can be snorted, smoked, or
dissolved and injected.
Narcotics- refer to a class of drugs that act on the central nervous system to produce pain relief
and induce drowsiness or euphoria. They include both legal medications, such as prescription
opioids used for pain management, and illegal substances like heroin.
Tobacco- refers to plants in the genus Nicotiana, specifically Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana
rustica, which are cultivated for their leaves. These leaves contain nicotine, an addictive
stimulant, and are typically dried and processed for use in various tobacco products, including
cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, and snuff.
Inhalants- are substances that produce chemical vapors when they are inhaled.
Prescription drugs – are medications that can only be obtained with a prescription from a
licensed healthcare provider, such as a doctor or nurse practitioner
Ecstasy- typically comes in tablet or capsule form and is commonly associated with its use in
social settings like parties and clubs.
Marijuana-Marijuana is a psychoactive drug that can alter perception, mood, and cognition.
Family
(Weak parental guidance vs. Strong parental guidance)
Risk Factors
- Poor family ties
- Poor parenting
Protective Factors
- Positive family relationship
- Good communication with people
What is prevention?
-It is the best way for people like you to avoid the use and abuse of drugs.
-People should understand the different protective factors and risk factor.
Drug abuse treatment and rehabilitation follows certain steps and procedures.
• “Voluntary” means the drug dependent decides on his/her
own to be examined and admitted in rehabilitation centers.
• “Voluntary thru representations” means the drug
dependent is willing but wants to be represented by animmediate family member or legal
guardian
• “Compulsory confinement” means the drug dependent
needs to be confined as the condition is life-threatening or threatens the life of the family.
Mode of treatments
Eclectic Approach
This approach uses a holistic approach in the treatment process
Spiritual Approach
This approach uses Bible teaching as a source of inspiration to change drug dependent.
Therapeutic Community Approach
This approach views drug addiction as manifestation of a more complex psychological
problem.
Hazelden-Minnesotta Model
This model views any form of addiction as a disease that it is an involuntary condition
caused by various factors outside an individual’s control.
Demographics: Drug abuse can affect individuals of any age, gender, race, or socioeconomic
background. However, certain demographic groups may be more vulnerable due to factors such
as poverty, lack of education, unemployment, or exposure to trauma.
Motivations: People may abuse drugs for various reasons, including to experience pleasure or
euphoria, alleviate stress or emotional pain, enhance performance or concentration, cope with
trauma or mental health issues, fit in socially, or simply out of curiosity.
Behavioral Signs: Common behavioral signs of drug abuse may include changes in mood or
personality, withdrawal from social activities, neglect of responsibilities, secrecy or lying about
drug use, sudden financial problems, engaging in risky behaviors, and legal issues.
Physical Signs: Physical signs of drug abuse can vary depending on the substance but may
include changes in appetite or weight, bloodshot eyes, dilated or constricted pupils, frequent
illness, unexplained injuries or bruises, poor hygiene, tremors or shaking, and unusual body
odors.
Psychological Signs: Drug abuse can also lead to various psychological symptoms such as mood
swings, irritability, anxiety, depression, paranoia, hallucinations, confusion, memory problems,
and impaired judgment.
Social Impacts: Drug abuse can have significant social consequences, including strained
relationships with family and friends, isolation or social withdrawal, difficulties at work or
school, financial problems, legal issues, and involvement in criminal activity.
Health Risks: Drug abuse is associated with numerous health risks, including addiction,
overdose, organ damage, infectious diseases (such as HIV/AIDS or hepatitis), respiratory
problems, cardiovascular complications, neurological disorders, mental health disorders, and
increased risk of accidents or injuries.
Treatment Options: Effective treatment for drug abuse often involves a combination of
interventions, including detoxification, counseling (individual and group therapy), behavioral
therapies, medication-assisted treatment (for certain substances), support groups (such as
Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous), and holistic approaches addressing physical,
psychological, and social aspects of addiction.