FYP Thesis

SOLAR
TRACKING USING IOT(INTERNET OF THINGS)

BASES:
GROUP MEMBER:
MUHMMAD HAMMAD()
MUHMMAD HAMZA(20PWELE5630)
NOOR ULLAH(20PWELE5658)
HAZARAT HAAD MUHMMAD(20PWELE 5631)
ABSTRACT:
With the increasing demand for energy, traditional
sources are becoming scarce and the need to transition to
non-traditional sources of energy is urgent. Solar energy is
an inexhaustible form of energy that can be easily tapped
from different parts of the world and converted to
electrical energy by using devices such as solar panels.
However, the output power of these photovoltaic (PV)
panels is not constant as the sun moves from east to west
and its angle of incidence varies with the season and time
of the day. To maximize energy output from the solar
panel, a dual-axis solar tracker (DAST) is necessary to
rotate the panel about its horizontal and vertical axes. This
system will ensure efficient tracking of the sun and
optimal energy output from the solar panel. The proposed
system will respond within the 0.2 s to store the data in
database. The whole 24hour data of solar panel is utilized
in the preferred system to analyse the data to validate the
robustness of the system. The proposed system uses
a microcontroller to adjust the position of the solar panel
based on the movement of the sun, while the performance
of the tracker is monitored through the use of Internet of
Things (IoT) connected via Wi-Fi
.
COMPONENT REQUIRED:
 Solar Pannel
 Light Dependent Resistor
 Motor Driver
 IOT
 Dual axis solar tracker
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Hardware Description:
The tracker works best if it can revolve along both the
horizontal and vertical axes, as was already indicated. The
addition of this element must be done so to keep the
construction's overall complexity and cost to a minimum.
Furthermore, a tracking system that automatically
realigns eastward at sunrise will automate the entire
tracking process without the need for a switch to move the
panel in that direction prior to sunrise.
A solar tracker that moves from east to west is depicted in
the flow chart . Four LDRs make up the system, which can
detect the amount of light coming from each of the four
directions. The panel stops when it contacts a limit switch
that has been installed at the east, closing the limit switch.
A single axis solar tracker that follows the sun in both the
north and south has been demonstrated in . The
microcontroller provides the appropriate operations as
the voltages are compared in this flowchart. If VN higher
than VS is met, the solar panel will spin to the north. If this
condition is not met, it then checks if VN smaller than VS is
met; if it is, the panel will rotate to the south. Every time
the LDR voltages change, this will be repeated because if it
doesn't, the LDR will cease rotating.
Motor driver:
The motor drivers serve as a link between the control
circuits and the motors. A higher-current signal is
produced by motor drivers by up converting a low-current
control signal. The motors are driven by this signal with a
greater current level. Two integrated H-bridge driver
circuits are present in L293D. It is possible to operate two
DC motors at once in its typical mode of operation. The
pinout of an L293D motor driver is shown figure. The
outputs thus become active and operate in synchrony with
their inputs .
LDR:
These 8 mm-sized light sensors have a large surface area
that changes resistance in response to variations in the
amount of ambient light shining on the sensor's surface. A
real LDR is put together in. A form of photocell known as
an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is perfect for use in
light detecting devices, such as automated outdoor light
ON/OFF switches and inside automatic light switching.
Both light and dark areas are where the sensor performs
best. A linear differential resistor's resistance values can
vary by several orders of magnitude. The wavelength of
the incoming light also affects how sensitive the LDR is.
Cadmium sulphide, a well-known substance utilized in this
resistor, is being employed in limited quantities in several
European nations due to various environmental concern.
Solar panel:
Solar energy is captured by photovoltaic panels as well as
Arduino pin description in which use that energy to
produce electricity. A single solar module can only provide
a certain amount of electricity; hence most setups use
many modules. A typical PV system consists of a number
of modules, an inverter, a battery pack for storage, wiring,
and a device for detecting the sun's rays.
. CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, the dual-axis solar tracker is an effective
system that can improve the efficiency of solar panels. It is
an inexpensive and easy to construct device that has the
potential to make the solar energy harvesting more
efficient. The system can track the sun’s movement and
adjust the solar panel to the optimal position for maximum
energy output. The use of IOT in the system helps monitor
the output power of the PV panels and alert the user when
the system needs to be adjusted. The implementation of
DAST will be an effective solution to harvest more energy
from solar panels and reduce the reliance on traditional
energy sources. The 24 h of data set were utilized to
implement the system more effective. The proposed
system will effectively response within 0.2 s to actuate the
tracker to ensure the continuous production of power.
Further, this work will be planned to implement with
higher power ratings with Artificial Intelligent based
control methodologies.

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SOLAR

TRACKING USING IOT(INTERNET OF THINGS)

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