Agri MCQ
Agri MCQ
Agri MCQ
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Agronomy
2. Wheat
Quest.The botanical name and family of wheat
Ans.Triticum spp., Poaceae
Quest.Wheat is a
Ans.Hexaploid plant. (2n = 42).
Quest.The Mexican dwarf wheat is
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Ans.T. aestivum (2n =
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Quest.The bred wheat is
Ans.T. vulgare (2n= 42)
Quest.Marconi wheat is
Ans.T. durum (2n= 28)
Quest.Emmer wheat is
Ans.T. dicocum (2n= 28)
Quest.Indian dwarf/Club wheat is
Ans.T. spherococum (2n= 28)
Quest.The highest grown wheat species in India
Ans.T. aestivum
Quest.The optimum temperature range for sowing of wheat crop
Ans.20 to 25°C
Quest.Wheat protein is called as
Ans.Gluten
Quest.The protein content in wheat
Ans.8-11%
Quest.The flowering portion of wheat
Ans.Head/Ear/Spike
Quest.Permanent roots of wheat, appeared after 20-22 days of sowing?
Ans.Crown roots
Quest.The shelling percentage of wheat
Ans.60%.
Quest.Pearling index in wheat measures
Ans.Kernel hardness
Quest.Gene responsible for dwarfness in wheat?
Ans.Norin
Quest.Sowing depth of dwarf wheat is directly depend upon
Ans.Length of coleoptyle
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Quest.Triple gene dwarf wheat varieties were released during ?
Ans.1970
w
Quest.The Row to row spacing of wheat
Ans.22.5 - 23.0 cm
Quest.The seed rate of timely sown wheat
Ans.100 -125 kg/ha
Quest.The seed rate of Late sown wheat
Ans.125 -150 kg/ha
Quest.The most important critical stage of wheat is
Ans.Crown root initiation (CRI 20-25 DAS)
Quest.Single gene dwarf varieties are
Ans.Sonalika, UP-262, WL-711, Girja
Quest.Double gene dwarf varieties are
Ans.Kalyansona, UP-215, Arjun, Pratap, Janak
Quest.Triple gene dwarf varieties are
Ans.Jawahar, Jyoti, Hira, Moti, Sangam, UP-301, UP-319
Quest.The variety best suited for sowing in Rainfed areas?
Ans.C-306, Sujata, Shera, Mukta
Quest.Marconi wheat varieties are
Ans.Jayraj, Meghdoot, Malvika, HD-4530 etc.
Quest.Both blight and Rust resistant varieties are
Ans.UP 2425, PBW 273, WH 291
Quest.Most important crop variety during green revolution
Ans.HD 2329
Quest.Zinc and sulphates deficiency in wheat field reported in
Ans.Punjab
Quest.Most suitable cropping system for wheat crop
Ans.Mixed cropping
Quest.Objectionable weed of wheat
Ans.Convolvulus arvensis
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Quest.Associated weeds of
Ans.Phalaris minor, Avena fatua and Chenopodium album www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Common herbicide used to control weeds in wheat
Ans.2, 4-D
Quest.Initial distinguishing character for identification of Phalaris minor
Ans.It is basal node is pink upto 50 days
Quest.The moisture content at harvesting stage of wheat
Ans.25-30%
3. Maize
Quest.The botanical name of maize is
Ans.Zea mays
Quest.Maize crop is also referred as
Ans.Queen of cereals
Quest.The maize protein is known as
Ans.Zein
Quest.Protein and oil per cent in Maize grain
Ans.8–10 per cent and 4–5 per cent
Quest.Most widely grown maize spp. in India?
Ans.Zea mays indurate (Flint corn)
Quest.Leading state of rabi maize?
Ans.Bihar
Quest.Maize variety widely grown in USA?
Ans.Zea mays identata (Dent corn)
Quest.The sweetest maize species
Ans.Zea mays sacchrata (Sweet corn)
Quest.Maize species produce starch similar to tapioca
Ans.Zea mays ceretina (Waxy corn)
Quest.Seed rate of Hybrid maize
Ans.20 to 25 kg/ha
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Quest.Seed rate of Composite maize
Ans.15 to 20 kg/ha www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.First maize hybrid released in India?
Ans.1961
Quest.Single cross technology of maize is given by
Ans.East and Shull (1910)
Quest.Double cross technique of maize is given by
Ans.D.F. Jones (1920)
Quest.Fodder crop maize varieties are
Ans.African tall, J1006
Quest.Pop corn maize varieties are
Ans.Amber pop, V L Amber. Pop, Pearl pop corn
Quest.Quality Protein Maize (QPM) varieties released by using
Ans.Opaqua-2 genes
Quest.QPM varieties are
Ans.Sakti, Shaktiman 1 & 2, HQPM
Quest.Hybrid varieties of maize
Ans.Ganga-1, 3, 5, 101, Ganga safed-2, Ranjit, Ganga-4
Quest.Composite varieties of maize
Ans.Jawahar, Vikram, Kishan, Ambar, Sona, Vijay.
Quest.The most critical stages for irrigation in maize
Ans.Silking stage.
Quest.Maize crop leaves show red and purple colour due to deficiency of
Ans.Phosphorus (P)
4. Sorghum/Jowar
Quest.Botanical name of sorghum is
Ans.Sorghum bicolor
Quest.Sorghum crop is also referred as
Ans.Camel crop
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Quest.The seed rate of
Ans.12-15 kg/ha www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.1st Hybrid variety of sorghum
Ans.CSH-1 (released in 1965)
Quest.Alkaloid content present in sorghum leaves
Ans.HCN (Dhurin alkaloid)
Quest.Sweet sorghum varieties
Ans.RSSV 46, 53, 59, 84, 96, NSS 216
Quest.Varieties suitable for both grain and fodder purpose
Ans.CSH 13 and CSV 15
5. Pearlmil et/Bajra
Quest.Botanical name of Pearlmillet
Ans.Pennisetum glaucum
Quest.Pearlmillet is also known as
Ans.Bulrush millet
Quest.The seed rate of Pearlmillet
Ans.5 kg/ha
6. Barley
Quest.Botanical name of two rowed barley
Ans.Hardium distichoum
7. Chickpea/Gram
Quest.Botanical name of Desi/Brown Chickpea?
Ans.Cicer aeritinum
Quest.Botanical name of Kabuli/White Chickpea?
Ans.Cicer kabulium
Quest.The most frost affected crop among all field crops?
Ans.Gram
Quest.The sour taste in leaf of chickpea is due to presence of?
Ans.Maleic and Oxalic acid
Quest.The type of root system in chickpea is
Ans.Tape root system
Quest.The requirement of seedbed for better cultivation of chickpea is?
Ans.Rough seedbed
Quest.Best soil for cultivation of chickpea?
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Ans.Light alluvial soil (a loose and well aerated soil)
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Quest.The optimum time of sowing of chickpea is?
Ans.15th to 20th October
Quest.The seed rate for early sown chickpea is
Ans.75-80 kg/ha
Quest.Chickpea variety suitable for rainfed condition?
Ans.Vishal, Anubhav
Quest.The early maturing variety of gram is?
Ans.Chaff chaff, JG-62
Quest.Chickpea variety resistant to Wilt?
Ans.JG-74, JG-315, BG-256, Awarodhi
Quest.Most suitable variety of chickpea to drought
resistant?
Ans.NP-58
Quest.Late planting of chickpea is done to protect the seedlings from?
Ans.Wilt disease
Quest.A process of removal/tipping of apical buds of Chickpea is termed as
Ans.Nipping
Quest.The average yield of chickpea in irrigated condition in India
Ans.12-15 qt/ha.
8. Pigeonpea/Arhar
Quest.Early maturing pigeonpea is
Ans.Cajanus cajan flavus
Quest.Late maturing pigeonpea is
Ans.Cajanus cajan bicolor
Quest.Pigeonpea belongs to the family of
Ans.Papilionaceae
Quest.The type of seed germination in pigeonpea is
Ans.Hypogeal
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Quest.The sowing time of late maturing pigeonpea is
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Ans.1st week of July
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Quest.The normal seed rate of pigeonpea?
Ans.10-15 kg/ha
Quest.Zn deficiency in Pigeonpea is rectified by spraying of
Ans.5 kg ZnSO4 + 2.5 kg Lime ha–1
9. Fieldpea
Quest.Botanical name of Fieldpea
Ans.Pisum sativum var. arvense
Quest.Botanical name of Garden pea
Ans.Pisum sativum var. hartense
Quest.Fieldpea/Grainpea is used for
Ans.Dal/pulse purpose
Quest.Gardenpea/Table pea is used for
Ans.Green pods used for vegetable
Quest.Seed treatment in pea is done by
Ans.Captan/Thirum 2.5 gm + Rhizobium leguminosarum 10 gm/kg seed
Quest.The spacing maintained in Fieldpea is
Ans.30 cm x 5-7 cm
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Quest.The common varieties of Fieldpea
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Ans.Rachana, Arpana, Ambika, T-65,163, Hans, KP-885, Pa n t C -
Quest.Leafless variety of Fieldpea? w w w
Ans.Arpana
Quest.The recommended NPK dose for Fieldpeas
Ans.20:50:30 kg
10. Mungbean/Greengram
Quest.Latest botanical name of mung is
Ans.Phasiolus aureus.
Quest.The seed rate/ha of mungbean is
Ans.12-15 kg
Quest.Early maturing varieties of mungbean is
Ans.Pusa baisakhi, PS16, K851
11. Urdbean/Blackgram
Quest.Latest botanical name of Urd is
Ans.Phasiolus mungo.
Quest.The seed rate/ha of mungbean is
Ans.20-25 kg
Quest.The normal recommended spacing of urdbean
Ans.40 cm=10 cm
Quest.Common varieties of urdbean
Ans.Pant U-30, JU-2, Type-9, Barkha, Gwalior-2
Quest.The average yield of Urd in India
Ans.10-12 qt/ha
12. Groundnut
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Quest.Bunch/Spanish/Erect type groundnut
Ans.Arachis hypogea fastigate www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Spreading/Verginia runner type groundnut is
Ans.Arachis hypogea procumbens
Quest.Groundnut is a
Ans.Modified fruit
Quest.Fruit of groundnut is called
Ans.Nut
Quest.The oil and protein content of groundnut
Ans.45 and 26 %
Quest.Technology Mission on Pulses and Oilseeds (TEMPO) was started in
Ans.1986
Quest.Most suitable soil for groundnut cultivation
Ans.Sandy loam soil
Quest.The seed rate of bunch type groundnut varieties
Ans.100-120 kg/ha
Quest.The seed rate of Spreading type groundnut varieties
Ans.100-120 kg/ha
Quest.The main critical stage of groundnut for irrigation
Ans.Flowering stage, Pegging stage and Pod formation stage
Quest.The most suitable irrigation method for groundnut
Ans.Check basin method
Quest.The common varieties of bunch type groundnut
Ans.Jyoti, Kishan, TMV-11, 12, AK-12, 24, Junagarh-11, ICGS-1, 10, 11, 44.
Quest.The common varieties of Spreading type groundnut
Ans.Chandra, Type-28, 64, TMV-1, 3, M- 13, 37, Vikram, Verginia, Gangapuri, Godheri-2,
3
Quest.Earthing-up is done in groundnut crop at
Ans.35 to 45 DAS
Quest.Interculture operation in groundnut crop should be avoided at
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Ans.Pegging
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Quest.Strain used for biological N2 fixation in groundnut is
Ans.Rhizobium japonicum
Quest.Vector of virus in groundnut is
Ans.Aphid
Quest.Early leaf spot disease of groundnut is caused by
Ans.Cercospora arachidicola
Quest.Late leaf spot disease of groundnut is caused by
Ans.Cercospora personata
13. Sunflower
Quest.The botanical name of sunflower
Ans.Helianthus annus
Quest.Sunflower is also known as
Ans.Non-conventional oilseed crop
Quest.Sunflower has high quality edible oil content of
Ans.45-50%
Quest.The head of sunflower is called as
Ans.Capitulai
Quest.Best sowing time of rabi sunflower is
Ans.November 1st to 2nd week
Quest.The recommended seed rate of sunflower per hectare is
Ans.5-7.5 kg/ha
Quest.The recommended spacing between row to row and plant to plant of sunflower?
Ans.50 cm x 20 cm
Quest.The most common varieties of sunflower are
Ans.Modern, MSFH-8, 17, Jwalamukhi, KBSH-1, JS-1, Sunrise selection.
Quest.The average yield of sunflower in India
Ans.20-30 qt/ha
14.
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Quest.The botanical name of soybean
Ans.Glycine max www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Soybean crop designated as
Ans.“Boneless meat”
Quest.The protein and oil content in soybean seeds
Ans.40-42%, and 20-22%
Quest.Soybean is popularly known as
Ans.Wonder crop
Quest.Nodule formation in soybean is done by
Ans.Rhizobium japonicum
Quest.The nitrogen fixation per hectare by soybean
Ans.40 kg
Quest.The recommended seed rate of soybean
Ans.75-80 kg/ha
Quest.The most common varieties of soybean are
Ans.JS-2, 335, Indira Soya-9, PK-472, 1024, Gaurav, Ankur, Brag, Clark
Quest.Manturian classified the soybean varieties based on
Ans.Seed colour
Quest.Most commonly cultivated soybean in India
Ans.Yellow coloured soybean
Quest.The average yield of soybean in India
Ans.20-25 qt/ha
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Quest.The recommended seed rate of mustard as main crop is
Ans.4-6 kg/ha
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Quest.The common varieties of brown sarson
Ans.Pusa kalyani, Sufla, BSH-1
Quest.Varieties of mustard are
Ans.Kranti, Varuna, Krishna, Pusa bold, Vardan, Rohni
Quest.Hybrid variety Pusa Jai Kisan is also called
Ans.Bio 902
Quest.Mustard crop planted at a spacing of 50 x 20 cm will have plants/ha.
Ans.1,00,000
Quest.Optimum moisture content for safe storage of mustard is
Ans.7-8%
Quest.The critical stages for irrigation in Rapseed and mustard are
Ans.Rosette stage and Siliqua formation stage
16. Safflower
Quest.The botanical name of safflower
Ans.Carthamus tinctorius
Quest.Safflower crop is known as
Ans.Fencing crop/Border crop
Quest.The oil content in safflower
Ans.32-36%
Quest.Fruit of safflower is called
Ans.Achene
Quest.The recommended seed rate of safflower
Ans.15-20 kg/ha
Quest.The common varieties of brown sarson are
Ans.JSF-1,2,5, JSI-7, EB-7, JSH-129
Quest.The average yield of safflower in India
Ans.18-20 qt/ha
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17.
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Quest.Linseed crop is also known as
Ans.Flex
Quest.The botanical name and family of linseed is
Ans.Linum usitatisium, Linaceae
Quest.The oil percentage in linseed is
Ans.40-42% oil
Quest.The linolinic acid present in linseed oil
Ans.50-60%
Quest.The recommended seed rate of linseed is
Ans.25-30 kg/ha
Quest.The most common varieties of linseed
Ans.Jawahar-7,17,18, 552, Kiran, Mukta, Sweta, Gourav, Shital
Quest.Linseed crop require NPK dose of
Ans.60:40:20 kg ha
Quest.A process of treatment of stalks for final fibre extraction is termed as
Ans.Retting
18. Cotton
Quest.Cotton is popular in America as
Ans.White gold
Quest.Indian/old world cottons are
Ans.Gossipium arborium, G. herbacium
Quest.American/new world cotton is
Ans.G. hirsutum
Quest.Egyptian cotton/sea island cotton is
Ans.G. barbadence
Quest.The best soil for cultivation of cotton
Ans.Black cotton soil
Quest.The fibre colour of American cotton
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Ans.Creamy
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Quest.The formulae to calculate ginning percentage
Ans.Ginning % =
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Ans.Creamy
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Ans.Cellulose
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Quest.Bt cotton is resistant against the
Ans.Helicoverpa (Spotted bollworm) www.hindigk50k.co
19. Jute
Quest.The botanical name of white jute
Ans.Corchorus capsularis
Quest.Jute crop is planted in the month of
Ans.Feb-March
Quest.The seed rate of jute per ha
Ans.8-10 kg/ha
Quest.Bitterness in jute is due to
Ans.Corchorin
Quest.Low quality of jute fibre attributed to
Ans.Discolouration of fibre
Quest.The most common varieties of jute are
Ans.JRC-321 (Sonali), JRC-212 (Sabuj sona), JRC 7447 (Shyamli), Hybrid C (Padma),
KC1 (Joydev) etc.
Quest.Ideal stage of jute harvesting for fibre purpose
Ans.Small pod stage/initiation of pod formation (135-140 DAS)
Quest.Retting of jute fibre is a
Ans.Biochemical process
20. Sugarcane
Quest.The botanical name of tropical cane
Ans.Saccharum officinarum
Quest.Saccharum barberi and Saccharum sinensis are termed as
Ans.Indian cane
Quest.Leading state of India in sugarcane production is
Ans.U.P. (45% of total Prodtn.)
Quest.Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR) is situated at
Ans.Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
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Quest.Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI) is situated
Ans.Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Optimum temperature for sugarcane growth
Ans.21-27°C
Quest.Inflorescence of sugarcane is called as
Ans.Arrow
Quest.The permanent type root of sugarcane is
Ans.Shoot roots
Quest.Adsali sugarcane crop planted during the months
Ans.July–August
Quest.The requirement of 3 budded sett rate for planting in one hectare land is
Ans.35,000-40,000 setts
Quest.Planting material used for sugarcane planting is
Ans.Upper 1/3 to half part of cane
Quest.Flat bed method of sugarcane planting is most common in
Ans.North India
Quest.Ridge and furrow method is mostly used in
Ans.South India
Quest.The chemicals used for sett treatment of sugarcane
Ans.Agallal and Areton
Quest.The most critical stage of sugarcane for irrigation is
Ans.Formative stage (60-130 days after planting)
Quest.Which bacterium is used for nitrogen fixation in sugarcane field?
Ans.Acetobactor diazotrophicus
Quest.Varieties of sugarcane termed as “Wonder cane”
Ans.COC-671 and CO-419
Quest.Earthing up in sugarcane is done at
Ans.4 month after planting
Quest.Most commonly used herbicides in sugarcane are
Ans.Simazine, Atrazine and Alachlor
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Quest.A method of plant analysis for assessing nutrient
Ans.Crop Logging
require m ent in su g a rc a ne i s
w w responsible
Quest.Nutrient, w .h i forn translocation
d i g k 5of sugar0k.comin sugarcane
Ans.Potassium (K)
Quest.The most common symptoms to judge the maturity of sugarcane are
Ans.Cane become brittle, produces metallic sound and breaks easily at nodes.
Quest.Sugarcane is considered as mature, when Brix reading is between
Ans.18-20%
Quest.Brix reading of juice indicates
Ans.Total soluble solids
Quest.Sugar yield from sugarcane is
Ans.6-10% from juice
Quest.The sugar content/recovery is more in the cane produced at
Ans.Southern India
Quest.By-product of S’cane
Ans.Molllasses and Baggasses
Quest.The most dangers disease of sugarcane is
Ans.Red rot disease
21. Berseem
Quest.Berseem is also known as
Ans.Egyptian clover
Quest.The botanical name of berseem is
Ans.Trifolium alexandrinum
Quest.Sowing of berseem crop is done by
Ans.Broadcasting
Quest.The seed rate of berseem is
Ans.25-30 kg/ha
Quest.Seed treatment of berseem seed is done by
Ans.Rhizobium trifolium culture
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Quest.First cutting in berseem is done
Ans.50-55 days after sowing www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.The popular varieties of berseem
Ans.Vardan, chindwara, BL-1, 11, 22, 52, C-10 (Maskavi), IGFRI 99-1
Quest.The objectionable weed of berseem is
Ans.Kasini (Chicorium intybus)
Quest.Forage yield of berseem crop is
Ans.800 - 1000 qt/ha
22. Lucerne/Alfalfa
Quest.The botanical name of lucerne is
Ans.Medicago sativa
Quest.The seed rate of lucerne is
Ans.20-25 kg/ha
Quest.Seed treatment of lucerne seeds is done by
Ans.Rhizobium meliloti culture
Quest.Stem parasitic weed of lucerne is
Ans.Cuscuta reflexa (Doddar)
Quest.The popular varieties of lucerne
Ans.Moopa, Rambler, Anand-2, 3, Sirsa 1, 8, 9, Type - 8,9, IGFRI-5,54,244
Quest.Forage yield of berseem crop is
Ans.800 - 1100 qt/ha
Quest.The physiological disorder “Lucerne yellowing” is cause due to the deficiency of
Ans.Boron (B)
23. Oat
Quest.The botanical name of oat crop is
Ans.Avena sativa
Quest.The seed rate of oat crop is
Ans.80 -90 kg/ha
Quest.Recommended NPK dose for oat
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Ans.80:30:20
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Quest.Best stage for harvesting of oat is
Ans.Dough stage
Quest.The popular varieties of oat are
Ans.Kent, Algerian, UPO 50, Craig, Afterlee, Fulgham, Fleming gold, HFO-114.
Quest.Total number of cutting taken in oat crop are
Ans.2-3 cuttings
Quest.Forage yield of oat crop is
Ans.400 - 450 qt/ha
24. Potato
Quest.The botanical name of potato is
Ans.Solanum tuberosum
Quest.The origin place of potato is
Ans.South America (Peru)
Quest.The solanin content present in potato is
Ans.5 mg/100 gm of potato
Quest.Protein content in potato is
Ans.1.6%
Quest.Potato is an
Ans.Underground stem
Quest.Potato crop requires an average temperature for tuberization is of
Ans.17-200C
Quest.Potato crop favours the soil for best growth
Ans.Sandy loam soil
Quest.Tuber for selected for potato sowing should have
Ans.At least 3 buds, 2.5-3 cm diameter with 25-30 gm weight.
Quest.To break the tuber dormancy, the tuber should be treated with
Ans.1% thiourea + 1 ppm GA3 for 1 hour
25. Tobacco
Quest.The botanical name of tobacco is
Ans.Nicotiana tabacum
Quest.Nicotiana tabacum is growing for the purpose of
Ans.Smoking and chewing
Quest.Nicotiana rustica is growing for the purpose of
Ans.Hookah, chewing and snuff
Quest.Transplanting age of tobacco is
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Ans.7 to 9 weeks (4-5 leaf
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Quest.Nicotine content (%) of tobacco is
Ans.0.5 to 5.5 (N. tabacum) and 3.5 to 8.0 (N. rustica)
Quest.Cigarette tobacco is prominent growing in states of
Ans.Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
Quest.The seed rate of tobacco is
Ans.2.5 to 3.0 kg/ha
Quest.Mutant varieties of tobacco are
Ans.Jayashri, Bhavya
Quest.Most critical stages for irrigation of tobacco is
Ans.Topping
Quest.As a source of N, potato crop require fertilizer of
Ans.Potassium nitrate
Quest.Desuckering of tobacco is done by
Ans.Melaic Hydracids (2%)
Quest.Priming method of harvesting is popular in
Ans.Cigarette, Wrapper and Chewing type
Quest.Flue curing is done for
Ans.Cigarette tobacco
Quest.Fire curing is done for
Ans.Bidi, Snuff, Chewing, Hookah tobacco
Quest.Nicotine content accumulates in which part of tobacco?
Ans.Leaves
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Quest.Crop rotation practiced by the majority of the farmers
as
in a gi ve n a r ea o r l oc al ity i s c a lled
w w w .Pattern
Ans.Cropping h in d igk 5 0 k. c o m
Quest.The most prominent and adopted cropping pattern in India
Ans.Rice - Wheat.
Quest.The cropping pattern used on a farm and its interactions with farm resources, other
farm enterprises and available technology which determine their makeup is called as
Ans.Cropping system
Quest.An appropriate combination of farm enterprises viz., cropping system, livestock,
poultry, fisheries and the means available to the farmer to raise them for increasing
profitability is called as
Ans.Farming system
Quest.The raising of animals along with crop production is
Ans.Mixed farming
Quest.Growing of two or more crops simultaneously and intermingled without row
arrangements, wherethere is significant amount of intercrop competition is called as
Ans.Mixed cropping
Quest.Growing of two or more crops simultaneously in alternate rows or otherwise in the same
area, where there is significant amount of inter crop competition is called as
Ans.Intercropping
Quest.One crop variety grown alone in pure stands at normal density in a field
Ans.Sole cropping
Quest.The repetitive growing of the same sole crop on the same land is termed as
Ans.Monoculture
Quest.The growing of more than one crop on the same land in one year is termed as
Ans.Multiple cropping
Quest.Growing of two or more crops in quick succession on the same piece of land in a farming
year is termed as
Ans.Sequential/non-overlapping cropping
Quest.A cropping system where the land is hands over the succeeding crop before the harvest of
standing crop.
Ans.Relay or overlapping cropping
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Quest.Two or more than two crops of different heights
field is called as
cultivat ed si m u lta ne ou s ly o n th e s a m e
w w w . h in d i g kcropping
Ans.Multistoreyed/Multitired/Multi-level 50 k.co m
Quest.Such crops have different growth habits and zero competition to each other.
Ans.Parallel cropping
Quest.The cropping system beneficial to prevent soil erosion due to winds is
Ans.Strip cropping
Quest.Cropping intensity of maize-potato-wheat
Ans.300%
Quest.The example of parallel cropping is
Ans.Urd/Moong + Maize
Quest.Paira and Utera cropping are most probable in
Ans.Bihar, MP and Chhattisgarh states
Quest.When the productions of both inter crops is equal to that of its solid planting.
Ans.Companion cropping
Quest.Synergetic cropping means
Ans.When yield of both the crops are higher than their pure crops on unit area e.g.
Sugarcane + Potato
Quest.What does ‘jhuming’ refers to
Ans.Traditional method of cultivation in hilly area
Quest.The formulae of cropping intensity is
Ans.C.I. (%) =
Quest.The average cropping intensity of India
Ans.135%
Quest.The formulae of rotational intensity
Ans.R.I. (%) =
Quest.“Relative land area under sole crop required to produce the same yield as obtained
under a mixed or intercropping system at the same level of management is termed as
Ans.Land equivalent ratio (LER)
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Quest.Two or more than two crops of different heights
Quest.Sustainability Yield index value lies between
cultivat ed si m u lta ne ou s ly o n th e s a m e
w w w . h in d i g k 5 0 k . c o m
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Ans.0 to
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Quest.The formulae of cropping index is
Ans.C.I. (%) =
Quest.Organic farming excludes the application of
Ans.Fertilizers
Quest.PF refers to
Ans.Logarithm of soil moisture tension
Quest.Which of the following is a method of indirect measurement of soil moisture?
Ans.Neutron moisture meter
Quest.Volumetric method of water measurement are
Ans.Furrows, Sprinklers and Drippers
Quest.For measuring uniform flow of water, weirs used are
Ans.Rectangular and Trapezoidal weir
Quest.Venturi meter is used to measure water, if
Ans.Water flow from the pipe
Quest.The most common water flow measuring device which measures water flow in open
conduit is
Ans.Parshall/Venturi flume
Quest.Irrigation method suitable for lowland rice and jute
Ans.Flooding
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Quest.Most common method of surface irrigation to irrigate gr ou nd nu t an d
Ans.Check basin
w w w . h in
Quest.Ring basin method is suitable for
Ans.Fruit trees
Quest.The method in which field divided into number of strips by bunds of around 15 cm
height is
Ans.Border strip method
Quest.The method, suitable for crops i.e. Sorghum, cotton, maize, tobacco, potato, sugarcane
etc is
Ans.Furrow method
Quest.Micro irrigation method, in which water is applied as spray
Ans.Sprinkler method
Quest.Irrigation method, suitable for undulating land, sandy soils and Vegetable and fruit crops
Ans.Sprinkler method
Quest.Pressure, applied in sprinkler irrigation system
Ans.>2.5 bar
Quest.The rate of water delivery in sprinkler system is
Ans.>1000 litre/hrs.
Quest.Drip Irrigation is discovered at
Ans.Israel
Quest.Drip Irrigation method is also known as
Ans.Trickle irrigation
Quest.Micro irrigation method, in which water is applied as drop form through emitters
Ans.Drip method
Quest.Drip method is suitable for
Ans.Wider spaced orchard crops, sugarcane and for saline soils
Quest.Discharge rate of water per dripper is
Ans.1-4 litre/hrs
Quest.The saving of water in sprinkler and drip irrigation methods as compared to surface
irrigation methods
Ans.25-50% and 50-70% water,
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Quest.Which irrigation method has highest irrigation efficiency ?
Ans.Drip method
w
Quest.The water content between Field capacity (-1/3 bar) to PWP (-15 bar) is called
Ans.Available water
Quest.The amount of soil moisture or water content held in soil after excess water has drained
away is called
Ans.Field capacity (FC)
Quest.The moisture content of a soil at which plants permanently wilt and will not recover.
Ans.Permanent wilting point (PWP)
Quest.The water, that moves downward freely under the influence of gravity (< 1/3 bar) beyond
the root zone
Ans.Gravitational water
Quest.The water, retained by the soil in capillary pores (micropores), against gravity (-1/3 to -
31 bar) by the force of surface tension
Ans.Capillary water
Quest.When water is held tightly as thin film around soil particles by adsorption forces and
flows at gravity of > -31 bar, is called
Ans.Hygroscopic water
Quest.Capillary movement of water is complemented by
Ans.Root extension
Quest.A diffusive process by which liquid water in the form of vapour is lost in the atmosphere
Ans.Evaporation
Quest.The process in which soil water lost from leaves of plants in the form of vapour and
enters the surrounding atmosphere.
Ans.Transpiration
Quest.The quantity of water needed for normal crop growth and yield in a period of time to a
place and may be supplied by precipitation or by irrigation or by both.
Ans.Water requirement of a crop
Quest.The consumptive use of water is equal to
Ans.ET + Mw
Quest.Water requirement of rice is
Ans.90-250
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Quest.Water requirement of wheat, sorghum, soybean and tobb ac o
Ans.45-65 cm
w w
Quest.Water requirement of sugarcane
Ans.150-250 cm
Quest.Water requirement of cotton crop
Ans.70-130 cm
Quest.Water requirement of maize and groundnut are
Ans.50-80 cm
Quest.The period when water requirement is maximum is called as
Ans.Critical stages of water requirement
Quest.What will be CPE value when irrigation is scheduled at 0.8 IW/CPE with 6.0 cm depth of
irrigation water?
Ans.7.5 cm or 75 mm
Quest.The ratio of the crop yield to the total amount of water used for irrigation is called,
measured in kg/ha-cm is
Ans.Water use efficiency
Quest.Salt content in irrigation water evaluated as best quality
Ans.0.2 to 0.5 g/lt
Quest.The permissible and normal limit of EC, RSC, SAR (meq 1–1) and Boron content (ppm)
Ans.2–4, < 2.5, < 10 and <3, respectively.
Quest.Nitrate levels in drinking water above mg per litre are considered as a human
health hazard.
Ans.10
Quest.The process of removal of excess water from the field to ensure a favourable salt balance
in the soil
Ans.Agricultural drainage
Quest.In a waterlogged soil, the concentration of is high
Ans.Methane
Quest.The root developed due to water logging in most of the crops
Ans.Adventitious root
Quest.Under water logged conditions, which nutrients are found deficient for the crops
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Ans.Both Zn and
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Quest.The depth of water (cm) to be drained in 24 hours period from the entire drainage area.
Ans.Drainage coefficient
Quest.Drainage of one ha cm (105 lt) in 24 hrs is equal to
Ans.1.157 litre/sec
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Quest.Most appropriate crops in dryland farming
Ans.Pearlmillet, sorghum, gram, toria www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Which crop rotation under dryland situation will be more remunerative?
Ans.Sesamum-gram
Quest.The chemicals used to check transpiration losses of water
Ans.Antitranspirents
Quest.2,4-D, Atrazine and PMA at low concentration act as which type of antitranspirents
Ans.Stomatal closing
Quest.Film farming type antitranspirents are
Ans.Hexadeconal, Mobileaf, Wax and Silicon
Quest.Reflectant type antitranspirents is
Ans.Kaoline (5%)
Quest.Growth retardant type antitranspirents is
Ans.Cycocel (CCC)
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Quest.Agronomical measures are adopted only where land
Ans.<2%
slo pe is
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Quest.Mechanical measures are adopted only where land slope is
Ans.>2%
Quest.Vertical mulches are used only in
Ans.Black cotton soil
Quest.The most popular mechanical measure to control soil erosion and conserve is
Ans.Contour Bunding
Quest.Contour Bunding is adopted where
Ans.Land slope (6 %) and in areas where average annual rainfall is < 600 mm.
Quest.Bench Terracing is practiced on
Ans.Steep slopping (16-33%) and undulated land
Quest.The crop grown on degraded land for improvement is called
Ans.Conservation crop
Quest.The full form of LEISA is
Ans.Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture
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Agrometeorology
Quest.“The study of envelope of air surrounding the planet and of the phenomenon associated
with atmosphere.”
Ans.Meteorology
Quest.A weather condition over a given region during a longest period.
Ans.Climate
Quest.A condition of atmosphere at a given place at a given time.
Ans.Weather
Quest.Monsoon is a
Ans.Arabic word
Quest.Gaseous envelop surrounding the earth known as
Ans.Atmosphere
Quest.The ultimate source of energy on the earth is
Ans.The sun
Quest.The mean distance between Earth and Sun
Ans.1.5 x 108 km
Quest.Temperature on the sun is around
Ans.6000°C
Quest.Who discovered solar energy?
Ans.Auguste Mouchout
Quest.The radiation in the sunlight that gives us the feeling of hotness is
Ans.Infra-red
Quest.The radiations emitted by the sun and responsible for the cause of skin cancer
Ans.Ultra-violet
Quest.In the atmosphere, which of the following gases account for about 99.0 % per cent by
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volum
Ans.Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Percentage concentration of CO2 in air and soil is
Ans.0.030% and 0.25%
Quest.An average % of solar radiation reaching to the earth
Ans.50
Quest.Who is the first scientist attempted to classify the climate?
Ans.De Condole (1900)
Quest.Koppen and Thornthwaite classified the climate on the basis of
Ans.Annual Rainfall and annual Evaporation
Quest.Troll classified the climate on the basis of
Ans.Humid month and temperature
Quest.The instrument able to record almost all meteorological data by desired interval at any
time and any place
Ans.Automatic weather station
Quest.The value of solar constant is
Ans.1.94 cal/cm2/min
Quest.A certain part of energy received from the sun, is reflected back to space by the earth
known as?
Ans.Albedo
Quest.The structure of atmosphere is divided on the basis of
Ans.Vertical temperature difference
Quest.All weather phenomena (i.e. Rain, fog, frost, clouds) occur in the zone of
Ans.Troposphere
Quest.Closest and Densest layer of atmosphere
Ans.Troposphere (8-18 km height)
Quest.Ozone layer is present in
Ans.Stratosphere zone (20-48 km)
Quest.The coldest region of the atmosphere
Ans.Mesosphere
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Quest.Radio transmission found
Ans.Ionosphere zone www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Gas less zone is
Ans.Thermosphere (>80 km height)
Quest.Blue colour of the sky and red colour of sunset is due to
Ans.Dispersion
Quest.What is the wavelength of visible solar radiation?
Ans.0.39-0.7 nm
Quest.Wavelength longer than m/μ is not visible to the eye, and are called infrared
Ans.750
Quest.The weight of the carbon of air at any given place and time.
Ans.Atmospheric pressure
Quest.The mean sea level pressure is
Ans.1013.25 milibars
Quest.What is wind?
Ans.Air blowing at a point.
Quest.North of the equator, surface winds are known as
Ans.Northeast trade winds
Quest.Wind direction is determined with the help of instrument
Ans.Wind vane
Quest.Wind turbines uses
Ans.Kinetic energy
Quest.Heat flow in solid/soil takes place mainly through the process of
Ans.Conduction
Quest.Heat flow in liquid/water by process of
Ans.Convection
Quest.Heat flow in air by process of
Ans.Radiation
Quest.Evaporation is measured by
Ans.Evaporimeter
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Quest.Wind pressure is measured
Ans.Beaufort scale www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Atmospheric pressure is measured by
Ans.Barometer
Quest.Relative humidity (RH) is measured by
Ans.Hygrometer/Psychrometer
Quest.Total incoming solar radiation is measured by
Ans.Pyranometer
Quest.Evapotranspiration is measured by
Ans.Lysimeter
Quest.Combination of Dry bulb and Wet bulb thermometer used for
Ans.Relative Humidity
Quest.Rainfall is measured by
Ans.Raingauge
Quest.Instrument used for estimating ET under field condition
Ans.Can Evaporimeter
Quest.Continuous temperature record by which instrument
Ans.Thermograph
Quest.Which Instrument record temperature without contact the object
Ans.Infrared thermometer
Quest.Instrument used for measuring concentration of ozone in air
Ans.Ozonometer
Quest.Imaginary line that represents the equal temperature
Ans.Isotherm
Quest.Lines of equal pressure
Ans.Isobar
Quest.Lines of equal rainfall
Ans.Isohyets
Quest.Lines of equal cloud cover
Ans.Isonephs
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Quest.The optimum temperature for better crop production is
Ans.18 – 24°C
b et we en
w w w temperature
Quest.Lowest .hindigk50k.com
in a day is observed at
Ans.Just before sunshine
Quest.What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate in troposphere
Ans.6.5°C/km
Quest.The formulae of Relative humidity is
Ans.RH (%) =
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Quest.An aggregation of minute drops of water suspended in th e
Ans.Clouds
w
Quest.The unit used to record clouds
Ans.Okta
Quest.Cold cloud seeding is done by use of chemical
Ans.Silver iodide (AgI2)
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Quest.Forecast will help in planning cropping
Ans.Long range weather www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.According to Planning Commission, Agro Climatic Zones in India are
Ans.15
Quest.According to NBSSLUP, Agro Ecological Regions in India are
Ans.21
Quest.The relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit unit of temperature
Ans.
Quest.A natural warming process involving the interaction of sunlight and carbon dioxide and
other gases from the atmosphere
Ans.Green house effect
Quest.Three common greenhouse gases include
Ans.Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
Quest.Chief green house gas responsible for global warming
Ans.CO2 (50%)
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Soil Science and Biochemistry
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Quest.Gneiss, Marble, Quartzite and Slate
Ans.Metamorphic rocks www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.The rocks gets broken in pieces due to temperature is called
Ans.Exfoliation
Quest.Feldspar, Quartz and Mica are
Ans.Primary minerals
Quest.Kaolinite, Halloysite and Dickite are
Ans.1:1 type silicate clay minerals
Quest.The example of 2 : 1 type silicate clay minerals are
Ans.Montmorillonite, Vermiculite and Illite
Quest.Chlorite is
Ans.2:1:1 or 2:2 type clay mineral
Quest.The most dominant mineral on earth crust
Ans.Feldspar (48%)
Quest.The weathering mineral, having most stable soil structure
Ans.Kaolinite
Quest.Which mineral is a source of phosphorus and boron in soils?
Ans.Apetite
Quest.The hydroxide act as cementing agent in binding the soil particles together
Ans.Fe and Al
Quest.A vertical section of soil through all its horizons
Ans.Soil Profile
Quest.Which horizon is called Fertile zone?
Ans.‘A’ horizon
Quest.The horizon absent in arable land
Ans.‘O’ horizon
Quest.The eluviation horizon is
Ans.‘E or A2’ horizon
Quest.Bulk
Ans.PD (g/cc) =
Quest.Widely accepted fixed value of particle density is
Ans.2.65 g/cc
Quest.The soil having PD 2.50 g/cc and BD 1.25 g/cc will have % porosity.
Ans.50
Quest.A field soil sample weighing 60 g, lost12 g on over dying. What is the moisture percent
on dry weight basis?
Ans.25%
Quest.The weight of one hectare of surface soil (O-15 cm) in kilograms
Ans.2.24×106 kg/ha
Quest.The arrangement of primary particles of soil
Ans.Soil structure
Quest.The relative proportion of sand, silt and clay is termed as
Ans.Soil texture
Quest.The best agricultural soil structure is
Ans.Crumby/Spheroidal
Quest.Soil structure proving less porosity in soil
Ans.Platy
Quest.The best agricultural texture is
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Quest.A+B horizons are collectively called
Ans.Loam www.hindigk50k.co
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Quest.NBSS and LUP centre is located
Ans.Nagpur www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Commonly followed soil particle classified in India is
Ans.International Society of Soil Science (ISSS)
Quest.According to IISS, the particle size of course sand
Ans.2 - 0.2 mm
Quest.The particle size of fine sand
Ans.0.2 -0.02 mm
Quest.The particle size of silt
Ans.0.02 – 0.002
Quest.The particle size of clay
Ans.< 0.002
Quest.The maximum pore space are found in
Ans.Clay soil
Quest.Soil colour is determined by
Ans.Munsell Colour chart
Quest.It is the relative purity or strength of the spectral colour.
Ans.Chroma
Quest.The capacity of the soil to change its shape under moist conditions
Ans.Soil Plasticity
Quest.The attraction of solid surface for water molecules is called as
Ans.Adhesion
Quest.The density of soil water is maximum at
Ans.4°C
Quest.The surface tension of water is at 25°C
Ans.72.7 dyne/cm2
Quest.Solution whose strength or concentration is accurately known is termed as
Ans.Standard solution
Quest.Least hygroscopic
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Ans.DAP (18% N and 46%
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Quest.The phosphatic fertilizer suitable for acid soil
Ans.Bone meal (23-30% P2O5)
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Ans.Mitscherlic
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Quest.Lowland applied nitrification inhibitors
Ans.Oxamide (31% N) and Thiourea (36.8% N)
Quest.Slowly released N fertilizers
Ans.Scoated urea, Neem coated urea, Urea super granule
Quest.Symbiotic N2 fixing bacteria in leguminous crop.
Ans.Rhizobium
Quest.Asymbiotic N2 fixing bacteria
Ans.Azotobactor and Azospirillum
Quest.Rhizobium fixes atmospheric nitrogen/ha to the soil
Ans.50-100 kg
Quest.Azatobactor can fixes atmospheric nitrogen/ha to the soil.
Ans.20-30 kg
Quest.The essential element required by the N fixing bacterium Rhizobium
Ans.Mo
Quest.Conversion of NH4 to NO2 in soil is brought out by
Ans.Nitrosomonas
Quest.Conversion of soil nitrate into gaseous nitrogen is
Ans.Denitrification
Quest.VAM belongs to the group of
Ans.Fungi
Quest.Rhizobium japonicum culture is applied for crops
Ans.Soybean and Groundnut
Quest.Rhizobium leguminosarum is applied for
Ans.Pea, Lathyrus and Lentil
Quest.Rhizobium trifoli is applied for
Ans.Berseem
Quest.In waterlogged rice field, atmospheric nitrogen can be fixed to the soil by
Ans.BGA
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Quest.The phosphate solubilizer species of micro organisms
Ans.Pseudomonas
is
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Quest.Mychoryza increase availability of
Ans.Phosphorus
Quest.Bio-super is made up of
Ans.Rock phosphate + Sulpher + Sulphur oxidizing bacteria
Quest.Zinc solubilizing bacterial biofertilizer is
Ans.Azozink
Quest.Total no. of essential nutrients for plants
Ans.17
Quest.Total no. of functional nutrients
Ans.21 (Essential elements + Co, V, Si, Na)
Quest.Beneficial elements are
Ans.Ru, Sr, Ni, Cr and As
Quest.N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S are
Ans.Macro nutrients
Quest.N, P and K are
Ans.Primary nutrients
Quest.Ca, Mg and S are
Ans.Secondary nutrients
Quest.Essentiality of N was established by
Ans.De Saussure
Quest.Concept “Essentiality of elements” was proposed in 1939 by
Ans.Arnon and Stout
Quest.Arnon and Stout discovered the essentiality of
Ans.Mo
Quest.Nutrient uptake both charges form
Ans.N (NH4+ and NO3–)
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Ans.H2PO
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Quest.Immobile element in soil is
Ans.Phosphorus
Quest.Immobile element in plant is
Ans.Calcium
Quest.Plant takes the nutrient in the form of
Ans.Ions
Quest.The nutrient required for quality maintenance in potato
Ans.Potassium
Quest.Nutrient, which maximum uptake by the plants
Ans.K+
Quest.Nutrient essential for oilseed crops
Ans.S
Quest.Structural component of Vit B12
Ans.Cu
Quest.Deficiency symptoms of N, P, K, Mg and Mo appear in
Ans.Older leaves
Quest.New leaves show deficiency symptoms of
Ans.Fe, Mn, Cu, S
Quest.Old and new leaves show deficiency symptoms of
Ans.Zn
Quest.Deficiency symptoms of Ca and B appear in
Ans.Terminal buds
Quest.Cereal crops show ‘V’ shaped pale yellowing at lower leaf tips due to deficiency of
Ans.N
Quest.Deficiency appears as short internodes in plant.
Ans.N
Quest.Purple coloration appeared in leaves due to
Ans.P deficiency
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Quest.Scorching and burning
plant are most commonon margins of
symptoms of bottom leaves and irr eg ul a r f r u it
w w w . h in d
Ans.K deficiency
Quest.Failure of terminal bud and root tips is the principle symptom of
Ans.Ca deficiency
Quest.Interveinal chlorosis occurs due to
Ans.Mg and Fe deficiency
Quest.Downward cupping of leaves in Tobacco and Tea shows
Ans.S deficiency
Quest.Whip like structure appeared in terminal bud
Ans.B deficiency
Quest.Burning quality of Tobacco decreased due to
Ans.Chloride
Quest.Dia back and Little leaf disease in Citrus shows
Ans.Cu deficiency
Quest.Mn deficiency shows
Ans.Interveinal yellowing of younger leaves
Quest.Translucent spots of irregular shape between veins shows
Ans.Mo deficiency
Quest.Upper leaves will show chlorosis on midrib, veins green and dead spots occur in all parts
of leaf (veins, tips and margins) show
Ans.Zn deficiency
Quest.Zn toxicity is reduced by addition of
Ans.Superphosphate
Quest.A situation in which a crop needs more of a given nutrient yet has shown no deficiency
symptoms
Ans.Hidden Hunger
Quest.Luxury consumed nutrient by plants i.e. maize
Ans.K
Quest.Excess of N, P and K causes deficiency of
Ans.C
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Quest.Excess of Ca causes deficiency
Ans.P www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Deficiency of N indicated by plant
Ans.Cauliflower
Quest.Deficiency of Bo indicated by plant
Ans.Sugarbeet
Quest.The soil, which have <4.0 pH is
Ans.Cat soil
Quest.The residual effect of urea on soil reaction is
Ans.Acidic
Quest.Soil pH > 8.5 indicates soil is
Ans.Alkaline
Quest.Saline soil is also called as
Ans.Solan chalk and White alkali
Quest.Alkaline soil is also called as
Ans.Solanetz and Black alkali
Quest.The saline – alkali soil is also known as
Ans.Usar
Quest.Lime (CaCO3) is added to neutralize
Ans.Acid soils
Quest.Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) is used for the reclamation of
Ans.Sodic/Alkaline soils
Quest.Pyrite (FeS2) is used to reclaim
Ans.Saline soils
Quest.Rock phosphate is applied in
Ans.Acid soil
Quest.Gypsum contains
Ans.29.2% Ca and 18.6% S
Quest.Method used for the determination of lime requirement of an acid soil is
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Ans.Shoemaker’s
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Quest.The crops prefer acidic soil
Ans.Rice, tea and potato
Quest.Highly salt tolerant crops
Ans.Barley and Sugarbeet
Quest.Which fertilizer is most beneficial for alkali soils?
Ans.Ammonium sulphate
Quest.Which of the plant species can be suggested on saline soil?
Ans.Haloxylon salicornium
(II) Biochemistry
Quest.The word ‘Biochemistry’ is a
Ans.Greek word
Quest.Father of Agricultural biochemistry
Ans.Justus von Liebig
Quest.First used the term ‘biochemistry’
Ans.Neuberg (1903)
Quest.The most abundant biomolecules on earth
Ans.Carbohydrates
Quest.The formulae of monosaccharide
Ans.C6H12O6
Quest.Monosaccharide contains
Ans.Glucose, Fructose, Galactose and Mannose
Quest.Oligosaccharides contains
Ans.Sucrose, Maltose, Cellobiose, Lactose and Stachyose
Quest.Monosaccharides possess reducing property due to the presence of
Ans.Free aldehyde or keto group
Quest.Glucose is also known as
Ans.Dextrose
Quest.Glucose is
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Ans.Corn
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Quest.Biologically active form of glucose
Ans.D-form
Quest.Fructose is
Ans.Fruit sugar
Quest.Sweetest sugar among all
Ans.Fructose
Quest.Monosaccharides that are used as energy source
Ans.Glucose and fructose
Quest.Disaccharides contain
Ans.Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose and Cellobiose
Quest.Oligosaccharides that is used in preservation of foods
Ans.Sucrose
Quest.Trisaccharides contain
Ans.Raffinose
Quest.Tetrasacharides contain
Ans.Stachyose
Quest.Non reducing type sugar is
Ans.Sucrose
Quest.Reducing type sugars are
Ans.Maltose and Cellobiose
Quest.Glucose + Galactose consisting of
Ans.Lactose
Quest.Sugar presents in milk
Ans.Lactose
Quest.Glycogen present in
Ans.Animal cell
Quest.Polymer of glucose
Ans.Cellulose
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Quest.Man can not digest cellulose due to the absence
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Quest.Total no. of essential amino acids are
Ans.10
Quest.The term ‘Protein’ was coined by
Ans.Moulder (1840)
Quest.The polymers of amino acid
Ans.Proteins and enzymes
Quest.Protein is discovered by
Ans.Berzeus
Quest.Protein that contains only amino acid
Ans.Simple protein
Quest.Regulatory proteins are
Ans.Insulin
Quest.Transport proteins are
Ans.Haemoglobin and Myoglobin
Quest.Structural proteins are
Ans.Collagen and Elastin
Quest.The most abundant protein present in the world
Ans.Rubisco
Quest.Muscle protein is known as
Ans.Collagen
Quest.Silk protein is known as
Ans.Fibrolin
Quest.Soybean protein is known as
Ans.Glycinin
Quest.Wheat protein is known as
Ans.Gluten
Quest.Rice protein is known as
Ans.Oryzein
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Quest.Maize protein is known as
Ans.Zein www.hindigk50k.com
Quest.Nucleic acids were first discovered by
Ans.Friedrich Meischer (1868)
Quest.DNA denotes
Ans.Deoxyribose nucleic acid
Quest.Who discovered the base composition of DNA?
Ans.Chargaff (1953)
Quest.Deoxyribose sugar + Nitrogenous base is
Ans.Nucleoside
Quest.Deoxyribose sugar + Nitrogenous base + phosphate group (PO2)
Ans.Nucleotide
Quest.Single stranded DNA
Ans.Bacteriophage
Quest.The form of DNA present in living organisms
Ans.B-form
Quest.RNA that transfer amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome
Ans.m-RNA
Quest.Most abundant form of RNA that constitutes 80% parts of cellular RNA
Ans.t-RNA
Quest.Which nucleic acid controls all cellular activities?
Ans.DNA
Quest.Which nucleic acid is necessary for protein biosynthesis?
Ans.RNA
Quest.Double helix model of DNA was proposed by
Ans.Watson and Crick (1953)
Quest.The term ‘Enzyme’ was given by
Ans.W. Kuhne (1867)
Quest.Enzyme is discovered by
Ans.Buckner
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Quest.1st enzyme which was discovered by
Ans.Zymase www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.The enzyme involved in biological nitrogen fixation
Ans.Nitrogenase
Quest.Apoenzyme + Prosthetic group
Ans.Holoenzyme
Quest.Enzyme without Prosthetic group
Ans.Apo enzyme
Quest.Enzymes which exist in multiple forms within single specing of an organism
Ans.Isoenzyme
Quest.The non protein component of the enzyme
Ans.Coenzymes
Quest.Vitamin was discovered by
Ans.Funk (1911)
Quest.Total well defined vitamins are
Ans.13
Quest.Vit. B complex (B1, B2, B12), B3, B6 and Vit. C are
Ans.Water soluble vitamins
Quest.Vit. A, D, E and K are
Ans.Fat soluble vitamins
Quest.Vitamin A is also known as
Ans.Retinal
Quest.Vitamin A deficiency causes
Ans.Night blindness
Quest.Vitamin B1 is also known as
Ans.Thiamin
Quest.Deficiency of vitamin B1 causes
Ans.Beriberi
Quest.Vitamin B2 is also known as
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Ans.Riboflavi
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Quest.Deficiency of vitamin B2 causes
Ans.Skin cracking
Quest.Vitamin B3 is also known as
Ans.Pantathenic acid
Quest.Vitamin B3 deficiency causes
Ans.Whiteness of hairs
Quest.Vitamin B5 is also known as
Ans.Niacin
Quest.Deficiency of vitamin B5 causes
Ans.Pellagra
Quest.Vitamin B7 is also known as
Ans.Biotin
Quest.Deficiency of vitamin B7 causes
Ans.Paralysis
Quest.Vitamin B12 is also known as
Ans.Cynocobalamin
Quest.Disease caused due to deficiency of vitamin B12
Ans.Pernicious anaemia
Quest.Vitamin C is also also known as
Ans.Ascorbic acid l
Quest.Vitamin C deficiency causes
Ans.Scurvy
Quest.Vitamin D is also known as
Ans.Calciferol
Quest.Vitamin D deficiency causes
Ans.Reckets
Quest.The vitamin also called Sunshine vitamin
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Ans.Vit.
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Quest.Vitamin E is also known as
Ans.Tocopherol
Quest.Vitamin K is also known as
Ans.Phyloquinon
Quest.Disease caused due to deficiency of vitamin E
Ans.Sterility
Quest.Disease caused due to deficiency of vitamin K
Ans.Non-coagulation of blood
Quest.Cereals are deficient in amino acid
Ans.Lysine
Quest.Pulses are deficient in amino acid
Ans.Methionine
Quest.Which vitamin contains metal ion?
Ans.Vitamin B12
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Genetics, Plant Breeding, Seed Science and
Plant Biotechnology
(I) Genetics
Quest.The study of the way in which genes operate and the way in which they are transmitted
(heredity) from parents to offsprings
Ans.Genetics
Quest.Who coined the term genetics?
Ans.W. Bateson (1905)
Quest.The ‘father of modern genetics’
Ans.Gregor John Mendal
Quest.Which is known as functional unit of life?
Ans.Cell
Quest.Who discovered the cell?
Ans.R. Hooke (1665)
Quest.Cell theory was given by
Ans.M.J. Schleiden and T.Schwann (1939)
Quest.Which is known as physical basis of life?
Ans.Protoplasm
Quest.How many kind of cells are found in living world?
Ans.2 (Eukaryote and Prokaryote)
Quest.The plant cell is a type of cell
Ans.Eukaryote
Quest.Which cell organelle is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ans.Ribosome
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Quest.The cells without cell
Ans.Protoplasts www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Controlling centre of cell
Ans.Nucleus
Quest.Nucleus was discovered by
Ans.Robert Brown (1983)
Quest.Which cell organelle is called as “Power house of the cell”?
Ans.Mitochondria
Quest.Who discovered mitochondria?
Ans.Hollicker
Quest.Who coined the term mitochondria?
Ans.Benda (1897)
Quest.The term ‘Endoplasmic reticulum’ coined by
Ans.Porter (1948)
Quest.Which organelle of cell is known as engine of cell?
Ans.Ribosome
Quest.Rough ER is associated with
Ans.Ribosome
Quest.The main site of protein synthesis
Ans.Ribosome
Quest.70s type ribosome is found in
Ans.Mitochondria
Quest.Name the prokaryotic organism which does not contain mitochondria?
Ans.Bacteria
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Quest.Heteroploid in which one or few chromosomes or
Ans.Aneuploid
missi ng fr om 2 n
w w w hypoploid
Quest.Monosomic .h i ndigk50k.com
Ans.2n -1
Quest.Double monosomic
Ans.2n-1-1
Quest.Nullisomic
Ans.2n-2
Quest.Hyperploid have one extra chromosome
Ans.Trisonic (2n+1)
Quest.Double trisomic
Ans.2n+1+1
Quest.Tetrasomic
Ans.2n+2
Quest.Double Tetrasomic
Ans.2n+2
Quest.Polyploidy level in embryo and endosperm of seed
Ans.3n
Quest.Polyploidy level of testa and pollen mother cell of seed
Ans.2n
Quest.Polyploidy level in endosperm of Triticum aestivum
Ans.63
Quest.Triploids are useful for
Ans.Seedless fruits
Quest.Wheat, cotton, tobacco and oat are
Ans.Allopolyploids
Quest.The term “primary centres of origin’ was proposed by
Ans.Vevilov
Quest.Vegetative embryos develops without fertilization
Ans.Apomixis
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Quest.Development of fruit without
Ans.Parthenocarpy www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Embryo originates from unfertilized egg
Ans.Parthenogenesis
Quest.Progeny of a single cross fertilized heterozygous individual
Ans.Inbred
Quest.Male sterile line
Ans.A-line
Quest.Progeny of a single plant, obtained by asexual reproduction
Ans.Clone
Quest.A single gene affecting more than one character/governing multiple traits
Ans.Pleiotropy
Quest.Repeated crossing of hybrid progeny back to one of its parents
Ans.Back Cross
Quest.F1 x homozygous recessive parent
Ans.Test Cross
Quest.Intra-specific hybridization is a crossed between
Ans.Two plant of different varieties
Quest.When pollen grains from an another falls on receptive stigma of the same flowers
Ans.Self pollination
Quest.Self pollinated species are also known as
Ans.Autogamous species
Quest.When pollen grains from flower of one plant transferred to receptive stigmas of
flowers of another plant
Ans.Cross pollination/Allogamy
Quest.Rice, Wheat, Buckwheat and Oat are
Ans.Self pollinated crops
Quest.Maize, Pearl millet, Black mustard and Sunflower are
Ans.Cross pollinated crops
Quest.Often Cross pollination crops are
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Ans.Safflower, Arhar, Cotton and
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Quest.Continuous inbreeding (Selfing) leads
Ans.Homozygosity
Quest.Single seed descent method is a method of
Ans.Method of Self pollination
Quest.Mass selection is always based on
Ans.Phenotype
Quest.The oldest selection method of crop improvement
Ans.Mass selection
Quest.Concept of pure line was given by
Ans.Johnson
Quest.A progeny of single homozygous, self pollinated crops
Ans.Pure line
Quest.A method of breeding for wheat
Ans.Pure line selection method
Quest.Breeding refers to selection procedure in which the segregating population of self
pollinated species is grown without selections
Ans.Bulk
Quest.Most commonly used method for selection from segregation generations of crosses in self
pollinated crops
Ans.Pedigree method
Quest.A method which is not for handling segregating populations
Ans.Bulk method
Quest.A method for improving specific traits i.e. plant height, disease resistancy
Ans.Pedigree method
Quest.Multiline breeding is exploited widely in the crop
Ans.Wheat
Quest.A method does not provide opportunity to practice selection for superior plant till F5
generations
Ans.Single seed descent method
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Quest.Commonly
variety. used method for transfer of disease resistanc y
w
Ans.Back cross method
Quest.Clonal selection mostly used in the crop
Ans.Ginger
Quest.The parent which is used only once in back cross breeding method
Ans.Donor
Quest.A x B = F1
Ans.Single cross hybrid
Quest.(A x B) x (C x D)
Ans.Double cross hybrid
Quest.Selected variety/line/clone x open pollinated variety
Ans.Top cross
Quest.A single cross (A x B) x OP variety
Ans.Double top cross
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Quest.Aeach
variety
otherproduced by crossing in all combinations a nu mb er o f li n e s
w w w .h i n d
Ans.Synthetic variety
Quest.Synthetic variety is maintained by
Ans.Self pollination
Quest.A variety produced by mixing the seeds of several phenotypically outstanding lines
(varieties)
Ans.Composite variety
Quest.Composite variety is developed by
Ans.Cross pollination
Quest.Hybrid variety was first exploited in
Ans.Maize
Quest.A mechanism of self pollination in which flowers open but only after pollination has take
place
Ans.Chasmogamy
Quest.Chasmogamy was found in
Ans.Rice Moong and Oat
Quest.Pollination and fertilization occurs before opening of flower is termed as
Ans.Cleistogamy
Quest.Cleistogamy was found in
Ans.Wheat and Barley
Quest.When male and female flowers of a hermaphrodite flower matures at different time
Ans.Dichogamy
Quest.When female matures before male
Ans.Protogyny
Quest.Pollen from a flower of one plant falls on the stigmas of other flowers of the same plant.
Ans.Geitonogamy
Quest.When male and female flowers occur on the same plant
Ans.Monocius
Quest.When male and female flowers occur on different plants
Ans.Diocio
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Quest.Maize is
Ans.Monocius plant www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Papaya is a
Ans.Diocious plant
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Quest.The emergence and development of seedlings from the s Quest.Isolation
condition ee d- em b distance
r y o for
wcertified
w wsunflower
. hi n
Ans.Germination
Ans.500 m
Quest.Hypogeal germination is found in
Ans.Cereals, Gram, Arhar, Lentil Quest.Weight of 1000 seeds is
known as
Quest.Epigeal germination is found in
Ans.Mustard, Sunflower, Castor, Onion.
Quest.Varietal purity is checked by
Ans.Grow out test (GOT)
Quest.The impurity percentage of seed
Ans.Dockage
Quest.Formulae of real value of seed
Ans.Real value of seed =
seed to germinate
Ans.Seed vigour/viability
Quest.Seed viability is mostly tested by use of
Ans.2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride
Quest.Formulae of pure live seed
Ans.Pure Live Seed =
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Ans.Test
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Quest.Weight of 100 seeds
Ans.Seed Index
Quest.Seed testing refers to
Ans.Testing of Purity, Moisture and Germination of seeds
Quest.The standard method of seed moisture estimation
Ans.Oven dry method
Quest.The rice variety which has no seed dormancy
Ans.I.R.-50
Quest.The dormancy due to hard seed coat or impermeable seed coats
Ans.Scarification
Quest.The dormancy due to low temperature and moisture conditions
Ans.Stratification
Quest.The PGR used to initiate seed germination
Ans.Gibberellic acid
Quest.Seed dormancy of potato tubers is broken by treating tubers with
Ans.Thiourea 1%
Quest.The main objective of field inspection is to examine
Ans.Disease incidence, Isolation distance and Off-types
Quest.Seed processing is termed as
Ans.Grading
Quest.National Seed Corporation (NSC) was registered in
Ans.1963
Quest.Seed act was passed on
Ans.1966
Quest.The Seed Rule was passed on
Ans.1968
Quest.National Seed Project (NSP) was started on
Ans.1988
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(IV) Plant Biotechnolog y
Quest.Applied use of molecular biology and recombinant DNA w
Technology known as
Ans.Biotechnology
Quest.The term ‘Biotechnology’ was coined by
Ans.Karl Ereky (1919)
Quest.Multiplication of cell of large number of plants placed in appropriate environment
conditions with required nutrients is known as
Ans.Plant tissue or in vitro culture
Quest.The plant or plant part excised for the in vitro cultivation
Ans.Explant
Quest.An exact genetic replica of a specific gene or an entire organism.
Ans.Clone
Quest.General used nutrient medium in tissue culture
Ans.B-5 medium and MS medium
Quest.A culture of isolated mature or immature embryos
Ans.Meristem culture
Quest.Young embryo is removed from developing seeds and planted on a suitable nutrient
medium in vitro is called as
Ans.Embryo culture
Quest.Anther or pollen culture technique is used to obtained
Ans.Haploid plants
Quest.Culture of an organ in vitro
Ans.Organ culture
Quest.Capability of an isolated single cell to multiply and differentiate into multicellular
organism
Ans.Totipotency
Quest.A biochemical process or reaction taking place in a test tube (in lab)
Ans.In vitro
Quest.Alternate forms of a gene
Ans.Allele
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Quest.A method for transforming DNA especially useful of
Ans.Electroporation
pla nt ce lls
w w w
Quest.DNA was 1.hindigk50k.com
st
synthesized by
Ans.A. Kornberg (1953)
Quest.A DNA sequence that codes for a specific polypeptide
Ans.Cistron
Quest.A library composed of complementary copies of cellular mRNA
Ans.cDNA
Quest.The molecule which encodes genetic information
Ans.DNA
Quest.The molecule which helps in decoding genetic information carried by DNA
Ans.RNA
Quest.A process of formation of somatic embryos from callus
Ans.Embryogenesis
Quest.Crossing of plants through fusion of somatic cell
Ans.Somatic hybridization
Quest.A segment of DNA that codes for a specific characters
Ans.Gene
Quest.A DNA element which has the ability to move from one chromosomal position to another
Ans.Jumping gene
Quest.Father of genetic engineering
Ans.Paul Berg
Quest.A bacterium used in genetic engineering
Ans.E-coli (Agrobacterium rhizogenes)
Quest.Gene responsible for higher amount of lysine in maize
Ans.Opaque-2
Quest.PCR denotes
Ans.Polymerase Chain Reactions
Quest.RFLD denotes
Ans.Restriction fragement length
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Quest.RAPD
Ans.Random amplified polymorphic DNA www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.A hybrid produced using nucleous of one parent cell and cytoplasm of both the cell
Ans.Cybrid
Quest.Molecular scissors used in genetic engineering
Ans.Restriction endonuclease
Quest.Map of genome showing relative positions of genes and or markers on chromosomes
Ans.Genetic map
Quest.A single DNA molecule condensed into a compact structure in vivo by complexing with
accessory histones or histone-like proteins.
Ans.Chromosome
Quest.The process of synthesizing multiple copies of a particular DNA sequence
Ans.Gene cloning
Quest.The process of producing a protein from its DNA- and mRNA-coding sequences.
Ans.Gene expression
Quest.DNA amplification is done in the machine
Ans.Thermocycler
Quest.Francis Crick’s seminal concept that in nature genetic information generally flows from
DNA to RNA to protein.
Ans.Central Dogma
Quest.Transplanting a cell, tissue or organ from one nutrient medium to another.
Ans.Subculture
Quest.The first biotech plant is
Ans.Tobacco
Quest.Bt genes are introduced in cotton against the pest
Ans.Cotton Bollworm
Quest.The vegetable crop under approval for Bt. technology
Ans.Brinjal
Quest.Terminator technology is recently used in
Ans.Cotton
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Plant Physiology
Quest.The science concerned with processes, functions, plant responses to external stimulus and
growth and development of plant.
Ans.Plant Physiology
Quest.Father of plant physiology
Ans.Stephan Hales
Quest.The cause of most of the gaseous interchange in soil
Ans.Diffusion
Quest.In diffusion, particle/molecules moves from region of
Ans.Higher to lower concentration
Quest.The concept ‘Osmosis’ is given by
Ans.Abbe Nollel
Quest.Plasma membrane is a type of
Ans.Semi-permeable membrane
Quest.The diffusion of solvent particles into a living cell
Ans.Endosmosis
Quest.Strong solution having higher concentration
Ans.Hypertonic solution
Quest.Imbibition is coined by
Ans.Such
Quest.The component of water potential which determine by the attraction between water and
hydrating colloids.
Ans.Matric potential
Quest.Shrinkage of protoplasm due to outward flow of water (exosmosis) in a concentrate
solution.
Ans.Plasmolysis
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Quest.The Casparian strip is present
Ans.Endosmosis www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.The hydrostatic pressure generated within the cell against cell wall as a result of entry of
water into it, due to osmosis.
Ans.Turgor pressure
Quest.During Osmosis, movement of water takes place from
Ans.Lower to higher concentration of solution
Quest.Water is absorption by plants mainly through
Ans.Root hairs
Quest.First step in absorption of water is
Ans.Imbibition
Quest.Absorbed of water against a concentration gradient by using energy released from
respiration is called as
Ans.Active absorption
Quest.Transpiration associated ion uptake is
Ans.Passive uptake process
Quest.Nutrients absorbed by plants from soil solution are carried upward through the
Ans.Xylem
Quest.Downward movement of food synthesized in leaves takes place through
Ans.Phloem
Quest.The movement of nutrient ions and salts along with moving water
Ans.Mass flow
Quest.Mass flow or pressure flow theory was given by
Ans.Godlewski (1884)
Quest.Pulsation theory was given by
Ans.J.C. Bose (1923)
Quest.The hydrostatic pressure developed due to the accumulation of water absorb by the root is
called root pressure.
Ans.Root pressure
Quest.Root pressure is measured by
Ans.Manomet
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Quest.Upward translocation of fluid in xylem takes place due t o
Ans.Pull of transpiration stream
w
Quest.The most accepted theory of water absorption
Ans.Transpiration pull theory
Quest.Plant cell walls are
Ans.Permeable in nature
Quest.Minerals are translocated in plants as
Ans.Both organic and inorganic compounds
Quest.The plant meet their carbon requirement by absorbing
Ans.CO2 for atmosphere
Quest.The process by which plants convert light energy of photon (captured from sunrays) into
chemical energy
Ans.Photosynthesis
Quest.The oxidation reduction process is
Ans.Photosynthesis
Quest.Photosynthesis active radiation (PAR) occurs at
Ans.400-700 nm
Quest.Plant component responsible for photosynthesis is a pigment called
Ans.Chlorophyll
Quest.Chlorophyll contains
Ans.Mg
Quest.Pigment which are responsible for photosynthesis in higher plants
Ans.Chlorophyll a and b
Quest.The colour of chlorophyll a
Ans.Blue green
Quest.The colour of chlorophyll b
Ans.Yellow green
Quest.Oxygen required for photosynthesis comes from
Ans.Water
Quest.The product of photosynthesis which is used for growth and development of plants
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Ans.Gluco
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Quest.Photosynthesis can be measured by measuring
Ans.O2 given off and CO2 uptake
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Ans.Maize, Sorghum, Sugarcane, millets
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Quest.The most important enzyme involved in photosynthetic CO2 fixation in C4 plants
Ans.PEP carboxylase
Quest.C4 plants have
Ans.Kranz type leaf
Quest.CAM denotes
Ans.Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
Quest.The example of CAM plants are
Ans.Pineapple and Opuntia
Quest.The water use efficiency of C4 is...........than C3 plants
Ans.High
Quest.The photosynthetic rate of C4 is...........than C3 plants
Ans.Low
Quest.C4 plants normally give more biological yield than C3 plants because of
Ans.Less respiration
Quest.One NADH2 produces how many ATP molecules?
Ans.3
Quest.Oxygen is required by the plants for
Ans.Respiration
Quest.Glycolysis occurs in
Ans.Cytoplasm
Quest.Final product of Glycolysis
Ans.Pyruvate
Quest.Net gain ATP during glycolysis
Ans.2
Quest.Kreb cycle and ETC occurs in
Ans.Mitochondria
Quest.Net gain ATP synthesis from one molecule of glucose in respiration
Ans.36 ATP
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Quest.One molecules of ATP
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Quest.An energy spending process
Ans.Photorespiration
Quest.Photorespiration occurs in
Ans.Night
Quest.Photorespiration occurs only in
Ans.Chlorophyllous cells
Quest.The loss of water in the form of vapour from the living aerial parts of the plant is known
as
Ans.Transpiration
Quest.The principle organ of transpiration is
Ans.Stomata of leaf (90% transpiration)
Quest.The water is lost during transpiration in the form of
Ans.Vapour
Quest.Stomata is found mainly on
Ans.Lower surface of leaves
Quest.Opening and closing of stomata are due to its
Ans.Turgidity and faccidity
Quest.The types of stomata mostly present on lower surface of leaves
Ans.Potato type
Quest.Stomata that is present on only under surface of leaf.
Ans.Apple and Mulberry type
Quest.The loss of water (contains salts and minerals) through hydathodes in liquid form during
night and regulated by root pressure
Ans.Guttation
Quest.The irreversible change in any plant part (s) with respect to size, form, weight, volume
etc.
Ans.Growth
Quest.The phasic change of individual cells into tissues, organs and organisms
Ans.Developme
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Quest.The growth rate of plants is measured
Ans.Auxanometer and Crescograph www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.The element which takes part in the growth and development of plants
Ans.Plant nutrients
Quest.Organic compounds which inhibit or modify any physiological process
Ans.Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)
Quest.Growth promoters are
Ans.Auxins, Gibberellins and Cytokinin
Quest.Example of growth inhibitors
Ans.Abscisic acid and Ethylene
Quest.The PGR causes apical bud dominance
Ans.Auxins
Quest.The senescence is delayed by
Ans.Cytokinin
Quest.Seed dormancy of seed is broken by
Ans.Cytokinin
Quest.Seed dormancy is induced by
Ans.Abscisic acid
Quest.PGR used for fruit ripening
Ans.Ethylene
Quest.Abscisic acid is synthesized from
Ans.Actively growing points
Quest.Cytokinin is mainly synthesized in
Ans.Root tips
Quest.PGR related to drought tolerance and stress hardness in plants
Ans.Abscisic acid
Quest.The physiological response of plants in relation to length of light
Ans.Photoperiodism
Quest.Short day plants require day length
Ans.<10 hrs
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Quest.Kharif crops
Ans.Shorter day length www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Generally rabi crops are
Ans.Long day plants
Quest.Long day plants require day length
Ans.>14 hrs
Quest.The sites of Vernalisation
Ans.Apical buds/Growing point
Quest.For germination, seed depends on external source for supply of
Ans.Water
Quest.The temperature at which highest percentage of seed germination occurs in short period of
time
Ans.Optimum temperature
Quest.Ca is essential for
Ans.Cell wall formation
Quest.The region of plants in which food to be translocated originates
Ans.Source
Quest.The region of plants in which translocated food is utilized or immobilized
Ans.Sink
Quest.Concentration of a nutrient in plant tissue where growth of the plant is slowed down
Ans.Critical concentration
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Major Pest and Diseases of Important Crops
(2) Wheat
Quest.The scientific name of Pink Stem Borer
Ans.Sesamia inferens
Quest.Pink stem borer attacks to plants in
Ans.Night
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Quest.The scientific name of Wheat
Ans.Odentotermis obesus www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.The scientific name of Cut Worm
Ans.Agrotis ipsilon
Quest.Which pest attacks all the parts of the plant?
Ans.Termite
(3) Sorghum
Quest.The scientific name of Sorghum Shoofly
Ans.Atherigona varia soccata
(4) Chickpea
Quest.The scientific name of Cut
worm
Ans.Agrotis ipsilon
Quest.The scientific name of Pod
borer
Ans.Helicoverpa armigera (5) Pigeonpea
(6) Soybean
Quest.The scientific name of Soybean Girdle beetle
Ans.Oberea brevis
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Quest.The scientific name of Wheat
Quest.The scientific name of stemfly www.hindigk50k.co
Ans.Melanagromyza sojae
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Quest.Which pest is known as stem borer of
Ans.Girdle beetle www.hindigk50k.co
(7) Groundnut
Quest.The scientific name of Groundnut aphid
Ans.Aphis craccivora
Quest.The scientific name of White Grub of groundnut
Ans.Holotrachia conseguina
Quest.The scientific name of Groundnut Leaf minor
Ans.Stomoperyx nertaria
(8) Mustard
Quest.The scientific name of Mustard aphid
Ans.Lipaphis erysimi
Quest.The scientific name of Mustard sawfly
Ans.Athaliya proxima
Quest.The scientific name of Mustard Painted Bug
Ans.Bargrada cruciferarum
(10) Cotton
Quest.Rosetting of flowers and double seed formation is the symptoms of
Ans.Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella)
Quest.The pest causing flaring of squares in cotton
Ans.Spotted Bollworm (Earias vitella)
Quest.The scientific name of American Bollworm
Ans.Helicoverpa armigera
Quest.The main symptom of American bollworm is
Ans.Larger circular bore holes with faecal pellets.
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Quest.The vector of leaf curl
Ans.White Fly (Bemisia tabaci) www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.The scientific name of Red Cotton Bug
Ans.Dysdercus koenigii
Quest.Which cotton pest causes hopper burn?
Ans.Cotton Jassid (Amrasca bigutulla)
Quest.Curling of leaf upwards and yellowing of terminal cotton shoots is a characteristics
symptom of presence of
Ans.Cotton Aphid
Quest.Highest consumption of pesticides found in
Ans.Cotton (54%)
(11) Sugarcane
Quest.The scientific name of Sugarcane Pyrilla/Leaf hopper
Ans.Pyrilla purpusilla
Quest.Which pest causes Bunchi top appearance in sugarcane
Ans.Top Borer (Tryporza novella)
Quest.The scientific name of Sugarcane shoot borer
Ans.Chilo sacchariphagus
Quest.The scientific name of Sugarcane root borer
Ans.Emmalocera depressella
Quest.The scientific name of Whitefly of sugarcane
Ans.Aleurolobus barodensis
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(13) Pest of Fruit Crop s
Quest.The scientific name of Mango hopper w
Ans.Amritodus atkinsoni
Quest.The scientific name of Mango mealy bug
Ans.Drosicha mangiferae
Quest.Sticky bands around tree trunks provide protection against
Ans.Mango mealy bug
Quest.The scientific name of Banana Stem weevil
Ans.Odoiporus longicollis
Quest.The scientific name of Guava fruitfly
Ans.Bactrocera diversus
Quest.The scientific name of Fruit sucking moth of citrus
Ans.Otheris materna
Quest.The scientific name of Lemon butterfly
Ans.Papillio demoleus
Quest.The scientific name of Citrus Psylla
Ans.Diaphorina citri
Quest.The scientific name of Papaya fruitfly
Ans.Bactrocera/Dacus dorsalis
Quest.The scientific name of Fruit Borer of pomegranate
Ans.Conogethes punctiferalis
Quest.The scientific name of Woolf aphis of apple
Ans.Eriosoma lanigerum
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Quest.Loose smut of wheat can be controlled by seed treatment with
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Ans.Vitav
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Quest.Solar heat treatment is used to control
Ans.Loose smut of wheat
Quest.Which rust was earliest appeared in India on wheat
Ans.Brown/Orange/Leaf rust
Quest.Alternate host of black stem rust of wheat in India is
Ans.Berberries sp.
Quest.The causal organism of Black/stem rust
Ans.Puccinia gramini triticii
Quest.The causal organism of Yellow/strip rust
Ans.Puccinia striformis
Quest.The causal organism of Brown/orange/leaf rust
Ans.Puccinia recondita
Quest.Which disease of wheat is discovered in Haryana?
Ans.Kernal bunt
Quest.Bacterial rot of wheat ears is also known as
Ans.Spike blight/Tundu/Yellow slime disease
Quest.The causal organism of covered smut of barley
Ans.Ustilago hardei
Quest.Sooty or charcoal like powdery mass usually appearing on floral organs particularly the
ovary is
Ans.Smut
Quest.Which stage of the wheat rust fungus is considered as the perfect stage ?
Ans.Telial stage
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Quest.Grain Smut of sorghum is also known
Ans.Covered/Kernel/Shoot smut www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Grain and Head smuts are
Ans.Seed borne disease
Quest.The causal organism of Head Smut of sorghum
Ans.Sphacelotheca relliana
Quest.The most serious smut among the smuts affecting sorghum is
Ans.Grain smut
Quest.Downey Mildew/Green Ear disease of Bajra is caused by
Ans.Sclerospora graminicola
Quest.Ergot disease of Bajra is caused by
Ans.Claviceps fusiformis
Quest.Ear showing honey dew symptoms is characteristic feature of
Ans.Grain smut of bajra
Quest.Smut disease infect the plant at
Ans.Tillering stage
(5) Groundnut
Quest.Leaf spot of groundnut is also known as
Ans.Tikka disease
(7) Soybean
Quest.Yellow Mosaic of soybean is caused by
Ans.Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV)
Quest.The causal organism of Anthracnose/Pod blight
Ans.Colletotrichum truncatum
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Quest.Fusarium wilt is caused by
Ans.Fusarium moniliform
Quest.The wilt of cotton is
Ans.Seed and Soil borne
Quest.Black arm or bacterial blight is due to
Ans.Xanthomonas compestris
Quest.Bacterial blight disease is
Ans.Internally seed borne
Quest.Bacterial blight/Angular leaf spot is caused by
Ans.Xanthmonas malvacearum
(10) Sugarcane
Quest.Most serious of sugarcane
Ans.Red rot disease
Quest.Red rot disease is caused by
Ans.Colletrotricum falcatum
Quest.Red strip of sugarcane is caused by
Ans.Pseudomonas riubrilinus
Quest.The causal organism of sugarcane smut
Ans.Ustilego citamini
Quest.Grassy shoot of sugarcane is cased by
Ans.MLO
Quest.The pith of the red rot affected can emits
Ans.Rotten fish like smell
Quest.The whip smut of sugarcane is caused by
Ans.Ustilago hordei
(12) Mango
Quest.Mango Malformation is caused by
Ans.Fusarium monilliformae
Quest.Mango malformation is common in
Ans.North-West India
Quest.Black tip/Mango necrosis is caused by
Ans.Boron deficiency
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Quest.Anthracnose of guava is caused
Ans.Collectotrichum psidii www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Leaf curl and mosaic of papaya is caused by
Ans.Virus
Quest.Panama wilt of banana is also called as
Ans.Fusarium wilt
Quest.Bunchy top of banana is caused by
Ans.Virus
Quest.Which pathogen caused heavy losses to wine industry in France due to its epidemics in
1875?
Ans.Plasmopara viticola
Quest.Citrus canker is caused by
Ans.Xanthomonas compestris pv citri
Quest.Citrus gumosis is caused by
Ans.Phytophthora palmivora
Quest.Mottle leaf of citrus is due to deficiency of
Ans.Zinc
Quest.Greening of citrus is caused by
Ans.Gracillicuts (a gram negative bacteria)
Quest.Downy mildew of grape vine is controlled by
Ans.Bordeaux mixture
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Horticulture
(2) Guava
Quest.The botanical name of guava
Ans.Psidium guajava
Quest.The normal planting space of guava
Ans.10m × 10m
Quest.The commercial propagation method of guava
Ans.Air layering
Quest.Which guava variety is known as Sardar
Ans.Lucknow- 49
Quest.Dual purpose variety of guava
Ans.Lalit
Quest.Parthenocarpic variety of guava
Ans.Allahabad round
Quest.Kohir safed is a cross of
Ans.Kohir × Allahabad Safeda
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Quest.Safed Jam is a cross
Ans.AS × Kohir www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.The fruiting time of Mrig
bahar
Ans.Nov-January
(3) Papaya
Quest.Origin of Papaya
Ans.Tropical America
Quest.Yellow pigment in papaya
Ans.Caricaxanthin
Quest.The commercial propagation method of papaya
Ans.Seed (500 g/ha)
Quest.Planting space of papaya
Ans.2m×2m
Quest.Best suited variety for high density planting of papaya
Ans.Pusa nanha (1.25m×1.25m)
Quest.Highest papain yielding variety
Ans.Pusa majesty
Quest.Pusa delicious, Pusa majesty, CO-3 and Coorg honew dew are
Ans.Gynodioecious varieties
Quest.The serious disease of papaya
Ans.Damping off
Quest.The fruiting time of papaya
Ans.Feb-June
Quest.The chemical used for better colour and keeping quality of papain
Ans.Potassium meta-bi-sulphite (KMS)
Quest.Enzyme present in dried latex of papaya
Ans.Pepsin
Quest.Pusa dwarf, Pusa Nanha and Pusa giant are naturally
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Quest.Safed Jam is a cross
Ans.Didecious www.hindigk50k.co
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(4)
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Quest.The botanical name of
pomegranate
Ans.Punica granatum
Quest.The normal planting space is
Ans.6m × 6m
Quest.Commercial propagation method
Ans.Air layering
Quest.The hybrid variety of pomegranate
Ans.Amlidana
Quest.Most popular vary
Ans.Ganesh and Dholka
Quest.Fruit cracking is most probable in
Ans.Mrig bahar season
(5) Citrus
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(4)
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Quest.Which species of citrus produces seedless fruits?
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Ans.Tahiti lime
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Quest.The normal planting space of citrus
Ans.5-6m × 5-6m
Quest.Commercial propagation method
Ans.Seed and Budding
Quest.Rootstock of mandarin orange is
Ans.Rangpur lime
Quest.Best method for irrigation of citrus
Ans.Ring method
Quest.‘Kinnow’ is a cross between
Ans.King × Willow leaf
Quest.Seedless variety of mandarin orange
Ans.Satsuma
Quest.Lucknow seedless is a variety of
Ans.Lemon
(6) Banana
Quest.The banana is commonly known as
Ans.Adam’s fig and Tree of paradise
Quest.The normal planting space of banana
Ans.1.8-2m × 1.8-2m
Quest.Commercial propagation method
Ans.Sword Suckers
Quest.Banana inflorescence is known as
Ans.Spadix
Quest.Best variety for chips making
Ans.Narendran
Quest.Gold finger is a
Ans.Hybrid banana
Quest.How much sugar contains in ripe banana?
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Ans.26%
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Quest.Degreening of banana is done by
Ans.Ethylene
Quest.Removal of male bud after completion of female phase is known as
Ans.Denavelling
Quest.Removal of undesired suckers, done once in 45 days of planting
Ans.Desuckering
Quest.Tetrazolium test is used for detection of
Ans.Bunchy top virus
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Quest.Singapore, Mauritious and Giant Kew are the varieties o f
Ans.Pineapple
w
Quest.The enzyme contains in pineapple fruit
Ans.Bromelin
Quest.The chemical used for inducing flowering in pineapple
Ans.Ethrel and NAA
Quest.Queen of temperate fruit
Ans.Apple
Quest.Apple bowl of India
Ans.Himachal Pradesh
Quest.Apple is commercially propagated by
Ans.Tongue grafting and Whip budding
Quest.Redness in apple is due to
Ans.Anthocyanin
Quest.Delicious, Rome beauty and Parlin’s Beauty are
Ans.Late maturing apple
Quest.Diploid variety of apples are
Ans.Self fertile
Quest.Usually apple is graded on
Ans.6 size
Quest.Discolouration of apple after cutting is due to
Ans.Enzymes
Quest.Commercial propagating method of grapevine
Ans.Hard wood cutting
Quest.Arka Hans is a cross of
Ans.Banglore Blue × Anab-e-shahi
Quest.Most widely accepted training system of grapevine in India
Ans.Bower system
Quest.Which is used for improving fruit quality of grape?
Ans.20 ppm GA
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Quest.Which fruit is commonly known as
Ans.Coconut www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Cashew nut and almond are the richest source of
Ans.Fat
Quest.Richest source of Iron
Ans.Karonda
(1) Tomato
Quest.No. 1 processing vegetable
Ans.Tomato
Quest.The new botanical name of tomato
Ans.Solanum lycopersicon
Quest.A pigment responsible for red colour in tomato
Ans.Lycopene
Quest.Pusa Rubi is a cross of
Ans.Sioux × Improved Maruti
Quest.The best combiner variety of tomato
Ans.Pusa Rubi
Quest.Pusa Rubi, Arka sourav, Pant bahar and Best of all are
Ans.Indeterminate varieties
Quest.The best suited variety for drought condition
Ans.Arka Vikas
Quest.Most serious pest for tomato plant
Ans.Root knot nematode
Quest.Nematode and Bacterial wilt resistant variety of tomato
Ans.Arka vardan
Quest.Most important nutrients required for tomato cultivation
Ans.Boron and zinc
(2) Brinjal
Quest.Brinjal is also known as
Ans.Egg plant
Quest.Brinjal fruits are good source of
Ans.Vit.-B
Quest.White brinjal is preferred by
Ans.Diabetics patients
Quest.The normal seed rate of brinjal
Ans.200 g/ha
Quest.Extra early maturing variety of brinjal
Ans.Pusa purple long
Quest.Phomopsis blight and Bacterial blight resistant variety of brinjal
Ans.Pant Samrat
Quest.The normal seed rate of brinjal
Ans.100 sq.m/ha
Quest.Nursery area of brinjal
Ans.1.5-2.0 kg/ha
(3) Chil y
Quest.The botanical name of chilly
Ans.Capsicum
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Quest.Causes of red colour in
Ans.Capsenthin www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.The cause of pungency in chilli
Ans.Capsicin
Quest.Variety suitable for HDP
Ans.Jwalamukhi
Quest.Leaf curl resistant varieties
Ans.Pusa Jwala, Pusa Sadabahar, Pant C-1
Quest.The chemical used for fruit setting
Ans.Triacontanol
Quest.Green to dry chilli ratio
Ans.10:1
(4) Cucurbits
Quest.Cultivation practise followed in cucurbits
Ans.Daria cultivation
Quest.Cultivated pumpkin is botanically known as
Ans.Cucurbita moschata
Quest.Seed rate of pumpkin
Ans.1.0-1.5 kg/ha
Quest.Chief pollinator of pumpkin
Ans.Honey bee
Quest.PKM 1 is a variety of
Ans.Snake guord
Quest.Botanical name of bottle gourd
Ans.Lagenaria siceraria
Quest.Seed rate of bottle gourd
Ans.3-4 kg/ha
Quest.Popular varieties of bottle guard
Ans.Pusa Summer Prolific long, Summer Prolific Round, Pusa Manjari, Pusa Megdoot
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Quest.Which cucurbit is also known as Bitter
Ans.Bitter gourd www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Seed rate of bitter gourd
Ans.4.5-5 kg/ha
Quest.Gynomonoecious flowers are found in
Ans.Cucumber
Quest.Pusa Sanyog is a variety of
Ans.Cucumber
Quest.Fruit type of cucumber is
Ans.Pepo
Quest.Bitterness in cucumber is due to
Ans.Metaxenia
Quest.Pusa Nasdar and Satputia are popular varieties of
Ans.Ridge guard
Quest.Trichosanthus dioca is botanical name of
Ans.Pointed gourd
Quest.Pointed gourd is propagated through
Ans.Vine cutting
Quest.Pusa Chikni, Pusa Supriya and Harita are the varieties of
Ans.Sponge guard
Quest.How much water contains by water melon fruit?
Ans.95%
Quest.The seed rate of water melon
Ans.3.5-5 kg/ha
Quest.Sugar Baby is the popular variety of
Ans.Water melon
Quest.Pusa bedana is a cross of
Ans.Tetra-2 × Pusa Rasal
Quest.Pink bedana is the variety of
Ans.Musk melon
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Quest.Fruit of okra is known
Ans.Capsule www.hindigk50k.co
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Quest.Fruit of okra is known
Ans.Cauliflower www.hindigk50k.co
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Quest.Seed rate of knol khol
Ans.1-1.5 kg/ha www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Economic part of knol khol is
Ans.Extended stem
Quest.Temperature required for bolting in onion is
Ans.< 15 °C
Quest.Japanese white is a variety of
Ans.Raddish
Quest.The variety of carrot which is richest source of vitamin A
Ans.Pusa Meghali
Quest.IIHR is located at
Ans.Bangalore
Quest.Which growth regulator is isolated from yam?
Ans.Batasin
Quest.Only tuber crop, which is rich in protein?
Ans.Colocasia
Quest.Toxic substance present in colocasia
Ans.Ca oxalate
Quest.The product of cassava is
Ans.Sago
Quest.Pungency in garlic is due to
Ans.Alicin, Allinase
Quest.Economical part of sweet potato
Ans.Adventious roots
Quest.Pungency of onion is due to
Ans.Allyl Propide di-sulphide
Quest.Irritation of eye due to cutting onion is due to presence of
Ans.Pyruvic acid
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Quest.The fruit of rose is known
Ans.Hip www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Rose can be cultivated up to
Ans.5 years
Quest.Commercial propagation method of rose
Ans.‘T’ budding
Quest.Floribundas is a cross of
Ans.Hybrid tea × Dwarf polyantha
Quest.Yellow coloured rose species is
Ans.R. foitida
Quest.Thornless variety of rose
Ans.Chitra
Quest.The single borne rose species
Ans.Hybrid tea
Quest.Crimson Glory and Super Star are which type of rose
Ans.Hybrid tea
Quest.Rose species having large flowers in clusters
Ans.Floribundas
Quest.The growth habit of Chrysanthemum
Ans.Perennial
Quest.Commercial propagation method of Chrysanthemum
Ans.Root suckers and Terminal cuttings
Quest.Which chrysanthemum allows single bloom on a branch?
Ans.Standard Chrysanthemum
Quest.Off-season variety of chrysanthemum
Ans.Haldi ghati, Himansu, Jaya and Jwala
Quest.Per hectare of seed rate of marigold
Ans.1.2-1.5 kg/ha
Quest.Commercial propagation method of gladiolus
Ans.Corms
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Quest.Annual carnation is propagated
Ans.Seeds www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.True marigold is also known as
Ans.Calendulas
Quest.Golden Age and Crown of Gold are the variety of
Ans.African Marigold
Quest.Tuber is commercially propagated by
Ans.Tubers
Quest.Queen Elizabeth is a variety of
Ans.Floribundas rose
Quest.The botanical name of hollyhock
Ans.Althaea rosea
Quest.The flower colour of Chrysanthemum
Ans.Yellow and white
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Quest.The concentration of salt sufficient to preserve most of
Ans.15-25%
t he fo od pr o d uc t s
w w thermal
Quest.A w .hprocess
i n mostly
d i gused k50k.com
for vegetables prior to freezing, drying, or canning in
order to soften the texture.
Ans.Blanching
Quest.The peeling of fruits and vegetables is known as
Ans.Lye peeling
Quest.The solution made by dissolving Salt (NaOH) in water is called as
Ans.Brine solution
Quest.Which fruit beverage contains atleast 10% fruit juice and 10% soluble solids?
Ans.Ready-To-Serve (RTS)
Quest.The fruit beverage commonly prepared from Mango, Papaya, Bel, Aonla
Ans.Nectar
Quest.A fruit juice normally contains 25% juice and 40% TSS
Ans.Squash
Quest.Mango pulp is preserved by
Ans.Sugar
Quest.Which fruit beverage is diluted before serving?
Ans.Syrup
Quest.TSS of jam should not be
Ans.< 70%
Quest.TSS of cooking jam is measured by
Ans.Hand Refractometer
Quest.A semi-solid transparent product prepared from pectin containing fruit
Ans.Jelly
Quest.For jelly making, fruit should be harvested at
Ans.Firm ripe stage
Quest.The pH of final jelly should be
Ans.3.2
Quest.The instrument used to know pectin content
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Ans.Jellimet
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Quest.A fruit or vegetable impregnated with the cane sugar or glucose syrup
Ans.Candied fruit or vegetable
Quest.A product prepared from strained pulp of fully ripe tomato fruits after cooking
Ans.Tomato Sauce/Ketchup
Quest.TSS% of Tomato sauce is
Ans.30%
Quest.The salt concentration in pickle is maintained at
Ans.8-10%
Quest.CFTRI denotes
Ans.Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore
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Agricultural Extension and Economics
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Quest.The process by which human behavior is
Ans.Education www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Extension education is
Ans.Informal educaion
Quest.School education is
Ans.Formal education
Quest.Situation, Objectives, teaching, evaluation and reconsideration are the steps of
Ans.Extension education
Quest.Attention interest desire conviction action satisfaction are the steps of
Ans.Extension teaching
Quest.An understood information possessed by a person
Ans.Knowledge
Quest.The process of working with rural people in an effort to recognize the problems and
determine possible solutions.
Ans.Programme planning
Quest.The father of rural sociology
Ans.August Compte
Quest.The science of human behaviours
Ans.Psychology
Quest.The interchange of ideas between two persons, in such a way that they act on the existing
knowledge to achieve some useful results
Ans.Communication
Quest.The suitable medium to establish commonness between sender and receiver of message
Ans.Communication
Quest.Communication is a
Ans.Two way/Double way Process
Quest.Shannon and Weaver (1949) proposed model of communication
Ans.Source Transmitter Signal Receiver Destination
Quest.Berlo Model of communication (1960)
Ans.Source Encoder Message Signal Decoder Receiver
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Quest.Leagans Model (1963)
Ans.Communicator Message Channel Treatment www.hindigk50k.co
Audience Audience response
Quest.Speaker Speech Audience is a communication model proposed by
Ans.Aristotle
Quest.A specific way adopted by the communicator to communicate his message effectively so
that whole message is understood by maximum number of audience.
Ans.Treatment of message
Quest.The process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels overtime
among the members of a social system
Ans.Diffusion
Quest.A decision to continue full use of an innovation
Ans.Adoption
Quest.The mental process through which individual passes from fires hearing about an
innovation to final adoption.
Ans.Adoption process
Quest.Stages of adoption are
Ans.Awareness Interest Evaluation Trial Adoption
Quest.An attention with a sense of concerns focused upon some object
Ans.Interest
Quest.Which stage of adoption helps to establish “Bench mark”?
Ans.Evaluation
Quest.The people who adopt immediately after getting knowledge and constitutes only 2.5% of
the total population.
Ans.Innovators
Quest.The people adopt through local leaders and constitute only 13.5% of the total population.
Ans.Early adopters
Quest.The percentage population of early majority over total population
Ans.34%
Quest.The farmer who accepts new practices very last with in his social system is known as
Ans.Laggard (16 per cent)
Quest.A process by which an idea or innovation spreads
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Ans.Diffusio
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Quest.The process of arranging situations that stimulate and guide learning activities in order to
bring desirable changes in the behaviour of people
Ans.Teaching
Quest.Traditional teaching method
Ans.Drama
Quest.Central element in learning situation
Ans.Learner
Quest.A mental and/or physical reaction that makes through seeing
Ans.Learning experience
Quest.Formulae of Intelligent Quotient
Ans.I.Q. (%) =
Quest.The method of face-to-face or person-to-person contact between the rural people and
extension workers
Ans.Individual contact
Quest.Farm and home visit, Office calls, Telephone calls, Personal letters, Result
Demonstration are comes under
Ans.Individual contact
Quest.A method in which 20 to 30 rural people or farmers are contacted in a group
Ans.Group-contact
Quest.Conferences, Pannel, Symposium, Discussion, Meeting, Workshops, Field trips, Tour are
comes under
Ans.Group contact
Quest.The media used for mass contact
Ans.Radio, Television, Exhibitions, Bulletins, Leaflets, News letter, Circular letters,
Posters, folder/pamphlet etc.
Quest.A sheet of paper with pictorial slogan, which is utilized to attract the mass attention for
single idea.
Ans.Poster
Quest.The most common size of poster
Ans.50cm x 75cm
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Quest.Round table discussion is
Ans.Panel www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Mostly widely used pamphlet size
Ans.12 to 24 pages
Quest.A published material on a small paper in which there is brief information of a subject
Ans.Leaflet
Quest.When a paper folds ones or twice with detail information on specific aspects is called as
Ans.Folder
Quest.A small published book consisting of 24 to 48 pages
Ans.Bulletin
Quest.A series of illustrated cards flashed before a group in proper sequence to tell a complete
story step by step to the group of the learners.
Ans.Flash cards
Quest.For a group of 10-25, people use flash cards of size
Ans.10"x12" (25 cm x 30 cm)
Quest.The letter used to send the same information to many people at the same time is called
Ans.Circular Letter
Quest.When two or more brief talks presenting phases of the some general topic called
Ans.Symposium
Quest.A systematic display of models, specimens, charts, real objects and any informative
materials.
Ans.Exhibition
Quest.The basic principle of Demonstration
Ans.Learning by seeing and doing
Quest.The concept of demonstration was given by
Ans.Dr. Seeman A. Knapp
Quest.Method demonstration is
Ans.Short -type demonstration
Quest.The oldest form of teaching
Ans.Method demonstration
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Quest.The main purpose of method demonstration
Ans.To provide skill www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.The basic principle of method demonstration
Ans.Learning by doing
Quest.The father of method demonstration
Ans.Dr. Seeman A. Knapp
Quest.A single practice demonstration used to show method of sowing
Ans.Method demonstration
Quest.A demonstration practice used to compare two technologies i.e. old and new
Ans.Result demonstration
Quest.The demonstration used to improve skill, knowledge and attitude
Ans.Result demonstration
Quest.Result demonstration is based on
Ans.Seeing by doing
Quest.The front-line demonstrations conducted by researchers on the farmers field
Ans.National demonstrations
Quest.Tape-recorder, Radio and Telephone are
Ans.Audio Aids
Quest.Non-projected visual aids
Ans.Posters, Charts, Flashcards, Bulletin board, Photograph etc.
Quest.Television is a type of
Ans.Projected Audio Visual Aid
Quest.The best media to communicate with farmers and for village people
Ans.Puppets
Quest.A transparent picture or photograph in an individual mount, projected through slide
projector
Ans.Slides
Quest.The basic unit of civilization
Ans.Family
Quest.The basic unit of rural society
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Ans.Villa
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Quest.A family consists of husband, wife and their children known as
Ans.Nuclear family
Quest.The uniformly accepted ways of acting about some social aspects of life are known as :
Ans.Custom
Quest.They are uniformly accepted ways of thinking
Ans.Tradition
Quest.Cooperative Movement (1904) was initiated by
Ans.F. Nicholson
Quest.Concept of Village Level Worker was related with the programme
Ans.Sri Niketan
Quest.Gurgaon Project (1920) was started by
Ans.Mr. F.L. Brayne
Quest.Young Men Christian Association was associated with
Ans.Marthandom Project (1928)
Quest.Rural Development programme was started on
Ans.1935
Quest.The district level extension programme launched in independent India was in
Ans.Etawah
Quest.Etawah Pilot Project (1948) was initiated by
Ans.Albert Mayer
Quest.Five year plans were started on
Ans.1951
Quest.Community Development Project (CDP) was started on
Ans.2nd Oct, 1952
Quest.Which programme is called as Package programme
Ans.Intensive Agriculture District Programme (1960)
Quest.High Yielding Varietal Programme (HYVP) was started on
Ans.1966-67
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Quest.The programme initiated at occasion of ICAR Golden
Ans.Lab to Land Programme (1979)
Ju bi lle c e le b r ati o n
w w w .and
Quest.Training h Visit
i n programme
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(1974) is also known as
Ans.Baster and Benor Scheme
Quest.Who had recommended Panchayat Raj System?
Ans.Balwant Rai Mehata Committee
Quest.The basic principle/slogan of TRYSEM was
Ans.Learning by doing
Quest.The primary aim of Integrated Rural development Programme (IRDP)
Ans.All round development of family
Quest.NABARD is started on
Ans.12th July, 1982
Quest.A programme to provide atleast 100 days wage employment in rural areas
Ans.National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NAREGA, 2006)
Quest.A guarantee programme for the people below poverty line.
Ans.National Food Security Mission (2007)
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Quest.NAFED was established in the
Ans.October, 1958 www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.When there is a single salers of a product
Ans.Monopoly market
Quest.A market consisting of single buyer of a product
Ans.Monosony market
Quest.When few salers of a commodity
Ans.Oligopoly market
Quest.When few buyers of a commodity
Ans.Oligopsony market
Quest.A market where homogenous products and large no. of buyers and salers are found
Ans.Pure Market
Quest.The contribution of central govt. in the capital share of Regional Rural Bank
Ans.50%
Quest.WTO come in to effect from
Ans.1995
Quest.The portion of the total produce in stock which the farmer is willing to sell.
Ans.Marketable surplus
Quest.The portion which is usually brought to the market at a particular time for sale.
Ans.Marketed surplus
Quest.The relationship between Marketable to Marketed surplus for perishable products
Ans.Equal
Quest.Marketable surplus is given by
Ans.MS = P – C
Quest.The minimum price at which the govt. is prepared to buy agril. commodities
Ans.Minimum Support Price (MSP)
Quest.MSP is fixed by
Ans.Commission of Agricultural Cost and Price (CACP)
Quest.National institute of Agricultural Marketing is situated at
Ans.Jaipur
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Quest.The difference between value in use and value in
Ans.Consumer surplus
exchan ge
w excess
Quest.The ww.hindigk50k.com
of what we are prepared to pay over what we actually pay for a commodity is
known as
Ans.Consumer surplus
Quest.Short term loan is given for
Ans.1 to 1½ years
Quest.Long term loan is given for the period of
Ans.5 to 30 years
Quest.The 3 Rs of credit are
Ans.Returns, Repayment capacity and Risk bearing ability.
Quest.Loan repaying capacity of a farmer is judged on the basis of
Ans.Net income of farmer
Quest.Increase in money supply and fall in production causes
Ans.Inflation
Quest.Risks arise due to changes in Government policies are termed as a
Ans.Institutional risk
Quest.AGMARK Act was passed in
Ans.1937
Quest.Central AGMARK Lab is located at
Ans.Nagpur
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Quest.When MPPX > APPX; then APPX
Ans.Increasing www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Under perfect competition market, maximum profit is obtained when
Ans.Marginal Return = Marginal Cost
Quest.Optimum profit will be obtained at a point where
Ans.MC = MP
Quest.Marginal cost is equal to
Ans.
Quest.When the demand and price are equal, called as
Ans.Equilibrium price
Quest.The principle applied for production function “How much to produce”
Ans.Principal of diminishing returns/costs
Quest.The principle applied for “How to produce”
Ans.Principal of least cost combination
Quest.The principle applied for “What to produce”
Ans.Principal of opportunity cost/Equimarginal returns
Quest.Optimum level of input use without resource limitation
Ans.Law of diminishing return
Quest.Basic fundamental law of agriculture is
Ans.Law of diminishing return
Quest.Choose best crop enterprises
Ans.Principal of opportunity cost
Quest.When total Assets are divided by total liabilities, called as
Ans.Net Capital Ratio (NCR)
Quest.The formulae of Rate of Turn Over
Ans.Rate of Turn Over =
Quest.When MP = 0, then
EP = 0 is called
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Quest.When MPPX > APPX; then APPX
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Quest.When MP > AP then EP> 1 is called
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Ans.Elastic
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Quest.When MP = AP, then EP = 1
Ans.Unit inelastic demand
Quest.Demand of Agri. Products are always comes under
Ans.Unit inelastic demand
Quest.Inflexion point is found on
Ans.Irrational zone (Stage – I)
Quest.The zone at which TP increases but at decreasing rate
Ans.Rational zone (Stage – II)
Quest.EP is always less than zero in
Ans.Irrational zone (Stage – III)
Quest.Price Ratio is equal to
Quest.Cost B1 + rental value of owned land and rent paid by leased in land
Ans.Cost B2
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Quest.The total cost of production which includes all cost item s, ac tu a l a s
Ans.Cost C
w w w . h in
Quest.Cost C is equal to
Ans.Cost B + imputed value of family human labour
Quest.Gross Returns – Cost A is
Ans.Farm business income
Quest.Gross returns - Cost B is
Ans.Family labour income
Quest.Net income is
Ans.Gross returns - Cost C
Quest.Benefit Cost Ratio is
Ans.Gross income/Cost C
Quest.When farms is classified on the basis of utilization of land and resources, termed as
Ans.Types of Farming
Quest.The farming having 50% income by single enterprise
Ans.Specialized farming
Quest.Crop Production + livestock raising is called
Ans.Mixed farming
Quest.The farming which has < 50% income by single enterprise
Ans.Diversified farming
Quest.Farming in an areas having average annual rainfall of £ 50 cm.
Ans.Dry farming
Quest.Natural grazing pattern is known as
Ans.Ranching
Quest.When farm is classified on the basis of organizational setup, termed as
Ans.System of farming
Quest.The joint agriculture operation by farmer on voluntary basis
Ans.Cooperative farming
Quest.The cooperative farming in which Ownership and operations both Individual
Ans.Cooperative better farming
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Quest.The cooperative farming in which Ownership is individ ua l
Ans.Cooperative joint farming
w w
Quest.The farming in which investment of land and capital is done by big businessperson or
capitalist
Ans.Capitalistic farming
Quest.Government carries out farming is
Ans.State farming
Quest.When farmers follows agricultural practices in their own way and managers and
organizers of their farm business
Ans.Peasant faming
Quest.A process of deciding in the present what to do in the future about the best combination of
crops and live stock to be raised
Ans.Farm Planning
Quest.Long-term planning is done for
Ans.5-10 years
Quest.A process of estimating costs, returns and net profit of a farm or a particular enterprise
Ans.Farm Budgeting
Quest.The basis of farm budgeting is
Ans.Cost benefit analysis
Quest.When new variety is recommended, which type of budget should be prepared?
Ans.Partial budget
Quest.Net worth is calculated from
Ans.Balance Sheet
Quest.The farm accounting/accountancy is also called as
Ans.Farm Book keeping
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Agricultural Statistics
Ans.CSK=
Quest.Coefficient of skewness for normal distribution is
Ans.0
Quest.An idea about the flatness/peakedness of the curve
Ans.Kurtosis
Quest.The term ‘Kurtosis’ was introduced by
Ans.Karl Pearson (1906)
Quest.The curve have β2 > 3 or Y2 > 0 is
Ans.Leptokurtic curve
Quest.The curve have b2 = 3 or Y2 = 0 is
Ans.Mesokurtic curve
Quest.The study the association or degree and deviation between two or more variables.
Ans.Correlation
Quest.Correlation lies between
Ans.-1 to +1
Quest.Which is used to measure the average relationship between two or more variables?
Ans.Regression
Quest.Regression coefficient is independent of
Ans.Origin
Quest.The distribution in which Mean > Variance
Ans.Bionomial distribution
Quest.The distribution in which Mean = Variance
Ans.Poison distribution
Quest.The degree of freedom of Normal distribution
Ans.n-3
Quest.The term used to denote chance of happening or not happening of an event.
Ans.Probability
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Quest.Probability is formulated by
Ans.Probability = www.hindigk50k.com
Quest.Probability ranges from
Ans.0 to 1
Quest.The test used for comparing two means when sample size is small (up to 30)
Ans.‘T’ test
Quest.Students t test is used when
Ans.Small samples size and SD is unknown
Quest.Students t test was proposed by
Ans.W.S. Gosset
Quest.To test the proportions and variance, we use
Ans.‘F’ test
Quest.To test the goodness of fit or homogeneity, we use
Ans.CHI2 test
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Agroforestry
Quest.A system where agriculture and forestry are practised either simultaneously or separately
on the same unit of land
Ans.Agroforestry
Quest.Agroforestry is a form of
Ans.Multiple cropping
Quest.The area under forest land in India
Ans.67 mha (20.36%)
Quest.Optimum area under forest required
Ans.33% of total geographical area
Quest.Contribution of forest product in world GDP
Ans.1 %
Quest.Indian Forest Act was come in existence
Ans.1927
Quest.Forest Conservation Act was made in
Ans.1980
Quest.Forest school is established at
Ans.Dehradun
Quest.The Van Mahotsav Day in India is observed on
Ans.1 July
Quest.State having highest forest area in India
Ans.M.P.
Quest.Forest type found maximum in India
Ans.Tropical dry deciduous forest
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Quest.Trees is on boundary +
Ans.Boundary plantation www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Taungya system means
Ans.Hill cultivation
Quest.Most common example of taungya system
Ans.Planting of Teak in Myanmar
Quest.Nitrogen fixing tree
Ans.Leucaena leucocephala
Quest.Non leguminous nitrogen fixing trees
Ans.Alnus nepalensis
Quest.Bio-drainage plant
Ans.Eucalyptus tereticornis
Quest.Most suitable woodlot trees in India
Ans.Casuarina and Leucaena
Quest.Fodder producing tree
Ans.Prosopis cineraria
Quest.Fuel wood tree
Ans.Albizia lebbeck
Quest.Green manuring tree
Ans.Thespesia populnea
Quest.Shifting cultivation causes
Ans.Deforestation
Quest.Miracle forest tree (as it provides fodder, fuel, pulpwood and timber)
Ans.Subabul
Quest.Fast growing forest tree species
Ans.Eucalyptus sp.
Quest.Multipurpose tree species
Ans.Albizia lebbeck
Quest.The most appropriate and effective type of crop cultivation in forests
Ans.Intercropping
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Quest.Ratanjot and Karanj
Ans.Biofuel plants www.hindigk50k.co
Quest.Oil percentage in Ratanjot (Jatropha sp.)
Ans.35% (from seed)
Quest.Spacing maintained between hedge row intercropping in alley cropping
Ans.4-8 meter
Quest.Tree species suitable for alley cropping
Ans.Cassia siamea, Leucaena and Sesbania
Quest.Forestry outside the conventional forests which primarily aim at providing continuous
flow of goods and services for the benefit of people
Ans.Social forestry
Quest.A forest system which promote commercial tree growing by farmers on their own land
Ans.Farm Forestry
Quest.Pollarding is done at
Ans.2 m height from ground
Quest.A belt of trees and or shrubs maintained for the purpose of shelter from wind, sun, snow
drift, etc.
Ans.Shelterbelts
Quest.A protective plantation in a certain area, against strong winds. It is usually comprised of a
few rows of trees (or shrubs)
Ans.Wind breaks
Quest.Raising of forests of public or community land
Ans.Community forestry
Quest.The ratio of height, width and length in shelterbelt system
Ans.1:25:10 meter
Quest.A process in which the branch of a plant is cut off in order to produce a flush of new
shoots
Ans.Pollarding
Quest.The main stem of a tree is called
Ans.Bol
Quest.Full form of ICARF
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Ans.International Centre for Research in
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Environmental Science and Ecology
Quest.Global warming focuses on an increase in the level of which gas in the atmosphere?
Ans.Carbon dioxide
Quest.Colourless and odourless air pollutant is
Ans.SO2
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About ICAR and IARI
I.C.A.R.
The highest body controlling agricultural research and education in India is” Indian
Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).”
It was established on July 16, 1929 with the name “Imperial Council of Agricultural
Research” under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the
Royal Commission on Agriculture.
ICAR headquarters at Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi.
The ICAR was bestowed with the King Baudouin Award in 1989 for its valuable
contribution in the Green Revolution. Again awarded King Baudouin Award in 2004 for
research and development efforts made under partnership in Rice Wheat Consortium.
First Director-General was Dr. B.P. Pal (1965)
Union Minister of Agriculture is the ex-officio President of the ICAR Society. (Present-
Sharad Pawar)
New Director-General of ICAR: Dr. S. Ayyappan (from
01.01.2011) 4 Deemed universities are part of the ICAR.
I.A.R.I.
1905: Agricultural Research Institute was established at Pusa, Bihar by Lord Curzon. The
land was donated by Mr. Phipps of USA after whom the place was named as Pusa. The
Phipps laboratory in division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry.
1911: Renamed as Imperial Agricultural Research Institute.
1923: Institute started offering Diploma of Associateship.
1934: Major Earth quake damages the buildings at Pusa.
1936: Shifted to New Delhi.
1936: B. Vishwanath became the first Indian Director of the Institute.
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Agricultural Research,
Education and Extension
DEEMED UNIVERSITIES - 4
1. Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) : New Delhi
2. National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI) : Karnal
3. Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) : Izatnagar
4. Central Institute on Fisheries Education (CIFE) : Mumbai
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21. Indian Institute of Soil Sciences (IISS)
22. Central Soil Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI) www.::hKarnal
i n d igk50k.c
B h op al
23. ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region including Centre of Makhana : Patna
24. Central Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA) : Hyderabad
25. Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI) : Jodhpur
26. ICAR Research Complex : Goa
27. ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region : Barapani
28. National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (NIASM) : Malegaon
29. Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering (CIAE) : Bhopal
30. Central Institute on Post-harvest Engineering and Technology (CIPET) : Ludhiana
31. Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums (IINRG) : Ranchi
32. Central Institute of Research on Cotton Technology (CIRCT) : Mumbai
33. National Institute of Research on Jute & Allied Fibre Technology (NIRJAFT) : Kolkata
34. Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute (IASRI) : New Delhi
35. Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute (CSWRI) : Avikanagar
36. Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG) : Makhdoom
37. Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB) : Hissar
38. National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology (NIANP) : Bangalore
39. Central Avian Research Institute (CARI) : Izatnagar
40. Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) : Kochi
41. Central Institute Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA) : Chennai
42. Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI) : Barrackpore
43. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (CIFT) : Cochin
44. Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA) : Bhubneshwar
45. National Academy of Agricultural Research & Management (CAARM) : Hyderabad
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10. National Research Centre Agroforestry (NRCA) : Jhansi
11. National Research Centre on Camel (NRCC) www.hindigk50k.com
: Bikaner
12. National Research Centre on Equines (NRCE) : Hisar
13. National Research Centre on Meat (NRCM) : Hyderabad
14. National Research Centre on Pig (NRCP) : Guwahati
15. National Research Centre on Yak (NRCY) : West Kemang
16. National Research Centre on Mithun (NRCM) : Medziphema
17. National Centre for Agril. Economics & Policy Research (NCAEPR) : New Delhi
NATIONAL BUREAUX - 6
1. National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources (NBPGR) : New Delhi
2. National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Micro-organisms (NBAIM) : Mau
3. National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects (NBAII) : Bangalore
4. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSSLUP) : Nagpur
5. National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR) : Karnal
6. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) : Lucknow
CIMMYT International Centre for Wheat and Maize Improvement : Baton, Mexico CIP
International Potato Centre : Lima, Peru
ICARDA International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas : Alleppo, Syria
ICGES International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology : Triesta, Italy
ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics : Hyderabad, India
INSFFER International Network on Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Evaluation on Rice : New Delhi, India
IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resource Institute : Rome, Italy
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IWMI
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WFC World Fish Centre : Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
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Useful Information
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Plant Tissue Culture : G.
Sociology : Auguste compte www.hindigk50k.co
Statistics : R.A. Fisher
Soil Science : Dokuchalev
Soil Microbiology : S.N. Winogradsky
Super Rice : Dr. G.H. Khush
Tillage and Weeds : Jethro Tull
White Revolution : Dr. Varghese Kurien
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French bean/Rajmash : Phaseolus vulgaris
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: Vigna unguiculata/V. sinensis
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Indian Cowpea/Lobia
L.
Lentil : Lens esculantum/L. culinarisMoench
Lathyrus/Chickling pea/Grasspea : Lathyrus sativus
Mothbean : Vigna/Phaseolus aconotifolia
Horse gram/Kulthi : Macrotyloma uniflorum
Edible Oilseed Crops :
Groundnut/Peanut/Monkeynut : Arachis hypogea L.
Sunflower : Helianthus annus L.
Safflower : Carthamus tinctorius L.
Rapseed and Mustard : Brassica spp. L.
Sesamum/Til : Sesamum indicum L.
Niger : Guzotta abssicinia
Non edible Oilseed Crops :
Castor : Ricinus communis L.
Linseed/Flex : Linnum ussitatisimum L.
Fiber Crops :
Cotton : Gossipium spp.
Jute/tita pat : Corchorus capsularis
Sunhemp : Crotolaria juncea L.
Forage Crops
Berseem : Trifolium alexandrinum L.
Lucerne/Alfalfa : Medicago sativa L.
Oat : Avena sativa L.
Napier grass : Pennisetum purpureum L.
Clusterbean/Gaur : Cymopsis tetragonalaba L.
Sugar Crops :
Sugarcane/Cane : Saccharum officinarum L.
Sugarbeet : Beta vulgaris L.
Tuber Crops :
Potato : Solanum tuberosum L.
Tapioca : Manihot utilissima
Stimulate Crops :
Tobacco : Nicotiana spp.
Opium : Papaver somniferum
Medicinal Crops :
Safed : Chlorophytum
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Ashwagandha/Winter cherry : Withania somnifera
Rouvolfia/Sarpagandha : Rouvolfia serpentina www.hindigk50k.com
Isabgol : Plantago ovata
Butch : Acorus calamus
Bramhi : Bacopa morriei
Nux vomica : Strychnos Nuxvomica
Aromatic Crops :
Lemon grass : Cymbopogan flexuasus
Mentha/Mint : Menthe arvensis
Khus/Vetivar : Vetiveria zizanoides
Citronella : Cymbopogan winterianus
Tulsi/Basil : Ocimum sanctum
Fruit Crops :
Kiwi fruits : Actinidia chinensis
Bael : Aegle marmelos
Custard apple : Annona squamosa
Pineapple : Annanas comosus
Jackfruit : Autocarpus heterophyllus
(Kair) : Capparis decidue
Papaya : Carica papaya
Karonda : Carissa carandus
Pecanut : Carya illinoensis
Lime : Citrus aurantifolium
Kinnow : Citrus deliciosa
Lemon : Citrus limon
Orange : Citrus reticulata
Sweet orange : Citrus sinensis
Aonla : Emblica officinalis
Wood apple : Feronia limonia
Fig : Ficus carica
Strawberry : Fragaria sp.
Phalsa : Grewia subinaequalis
Walnut : Juglans regia
Litchi : Litchi chinensis
Apple : Malus domestica
Mango : Mangifera indica
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Mulberry : Morus sp.
Banana : Musa paradisiaca www.hindigk50k.com
Date palm : Phoenix dactylifera
Almond : Prunus amygdalus
Apricot : Prunus armeniaca
Pear : Prunus communis
Plum : Prunus domestica
Peach : Prunus persica
Guava : Psidium guajava
Pomegranate : Punica granatum
Raspberry : Rubus idaeus
Jamun : Syzygium cumini
Tamarind : Tamarindus indica
Ber : Zizyphus mauritiana
Grape : Vitis vinifera
Vegetable Crops :
Onion : Allium cepa
Garlic : Allium sativum
Elephant foot yam : Amorphophyllus campanulatus
Asparagus : A. officinalis
Beetroot : Beeta vulgaris
Palak : B. vulgaris var. bengalensis
Spinach : Spinacea oleraceae
Sweet Potato : Ipomea batatas
Cabbage : Brassica oleracea var. capitata
Cauliflower : B. o. var. botrytis
Brussel’s Broccoli : B. o. var. gemmifera
Knol-khol : B. caulorapa
Turnip : B. rapa
Raddish : Raphanus sativus
Cucumber : Cucumis sativus
Musk melon : Cucumis melo
Snap melon (foot) : Cucumis melo var. momordica
Long melon (Kakri) : C. melo var. utillisium
Gherkin : C. anguria
Water melon : Citrullus latanus
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Round : C. l. var.
Pumpkin : Cucurbita moschata www.hindigk50k.co
Bottle gourd : Lagenaria siceraria
Ridge gourd : Luffa acutangula
Sponge gourd : L. cylindrica
Pointed gourd : Trichosanthus dioca
Snake gourd : T. anguina
Ash gourd : Benincasa hispida
Ivy gourd : Coccinia indica
Spine gourd : Momordica chinensis
Bitter gourd : M. charantia
Peas : Pisum sativum var hartense
French bean : Phaseolus vulgaris
Cluster bean : Cymopsis tetragonalabus
Cowpea : Vigna unguiculata
Fenugreek : Trigonella foenugraecum
Okra : Abelmoschus esculantus
Potato : Solanum tuberosum
Tomato : S. lycopersicon
Brinjal : S. melongena
Chilli : Capsicum annum
Sweet pepper : C. annum
Carrot : Daucus carota
Coriander : Coriandrum sativum
Celery : Apium graveolens
Flower Crops :
Rosa : Rosa indica
Chrysanthemum : Chrysanthemum spp
Gladiolus : Gladiolus spp.
Carnation : Dianthus spp.
Marigold : Tagetes spp
Tuberose : Polianthes tuberose
Dahlia : Dahlia pinnata
Jasmine : Jasminum spp.
Bougainvillea : Bougainvillea spp.
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FAMOUS NAME OF
FamousName Crops
King of cereals : Wheat
Queen of cereals : Maize
King of pulses : Chickpea
Queen of pulses : Pea
King of oilseeds : Groundnut
Queen of oilseeds : Sesame (Til)
Coarsest of all food grains : Kodo (Paspulum scrobiculatum)
King of fruits : Mango
Queen of fruits : Pineapple
King of temperate fruits : Apple
King of spices : Black Pepper
Queen of spices : Cardamom
King of vegetables : Potato
Queen of vegetables : Okra
Wonder crop : Soybean
King of fodder crops : Berseem
Queen of fodder crops : Lucerne
King of Arid and semi fruits : Ber
National fruits of India : Mango
Wonder tree : Neem
Bio energy plant : Jatropha
King of flower crops : Rose
Queen of flower crops : Gladiolus
Adams fig : Banana
Oldest cultivated tropical fruits : Banana Tree
of heaven : Coconut
King of nut crops : Walnut
Queen of nut crops : Peanut
White gold of America : Cotton
Yellow jewel of America : Soybean
Backbone of America : Maize
Sugar bowl : Cuba
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Soybea : 70 -
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Sorghum, Bajra, Sunhemp, Sesamum, Cowpea, Castor, Clusterbean :
Groundnut : Brazil
Berseem : Egypt
Napier grass : Rhodesia
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26. Echinochloa colonum Gramineae Jungle rice
27. Echinochloa crusgalli Gramineae Barnyard grass www.hindigk50k.com
28. Eclipta alba Compositea False daisy
29. Eichhonia crassipes Pontederiaceae Water hyacinth
30. Eleusine indica Gramineae Goose grass
31. Euphorbia geniculata Compositae Garden spurge
32. Euphorbia hirta Compositae Pill pod spurge
33. Ipomea repens Convolvulaceae Swamp morning glory
34. Ischoemum rugosum Gramineae Wrinkle grass
35. Lantana camara Verbenaceae Prickly lantana
36. Lathyrus sativus Leguminoceae Lathyrus
37. Melilotus alba Leguminoceae White sweet clover
38. Melilotus indica Leguminoceae Yellow sweet clover
39. Mimosa pudica Leguminoceae Touch me not
40. Mimosa spinosa Leguminoceae Touch me not
Aromatic crops
9. Cymbopogan flexuosus Lemon grass Fresh grasses Citral a & b
10. Mentha arvensis Pudina or Mint Herbage Menthol
11. Hibiscus sabadriffa Roselle Fresh Calyces Fatty oils
12. Vetiveria zizanoides Khus/Vetiver Root Khusol, Vetiverone
13. Cymbopogan winterianus Citronella Fresh herbage Citronellol, Geraniol
14. Ferula foetida Asafoetida/Hing Gum resin Organic sulpher
15. Ocimum sanctum Tulsi/Basil Leaves Eugenol
16. Cymbopogon martini Palmarosa Floral shoots Geraniol
Basmati : Lucern :2
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Wheat, Barley, Oat :30-40 Sunflow :40-
Soybean :55
Cotton, Arhar :70-72 Moong :34-36
Pea :100 Cowpea :80
Mustard :3-5 Bajra :5-7
Sorghum :25-30 French bean :38-44/1000 seeds
ANTITRANSPIRENTS
1. Stomatal closure : 2,4-D, Atrazine, PMA, Phosphon D, Potassium metabisulphate
type
2. Film farming type : Hexadeconol, Cetyl alcohol, Paclobutrazole Mobileaf, Waxol, S-800, Hico-110R, Folicot,
Silicon
3. Reflectant type : Kaoline (5 per cent), China clay, Ca. bicarbonate, Lime water
4. Growth retardant : Cycocel (CCC), Phosphor
ty
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IMPORTANT
wG
INSTRUMENTS
METEOROLO wICTHEIR
AND wA.hLindigk50k.com
USES
Instruments Uses/Measures
Altimeter : Height
Aneroid barometer : Atmospheric pressure
Anemometer : Wind speed/velocity
Auxanometer : Growth of plant
Barograph : Continuous atmospheric pressure
Crescograph : Growth of plant Cambel
stokes recorder : Sunshine duration
Drosometer : Dew
Hygrometer/Psychrometer : Relative humidity (RH)
Evaporometer : Evapotranspiration
Irrometer : Water stress, soil moisture tension
Infiltrometer : Infiltration
Lactometer : Fats % in milk
Lysimeter : Evapotranspiration
Pyrheliometer : Direct solar radiation
PAR : Quantum sensor
Psychrometer : Leaf water potential/RH
Porometer : Transpiration rate (ET)
Pyranometer : Total incoming solar radiation
Peizometer : Depth of water table
Rain gauge : Amount of rainfall
Tensiometer : Soil moisture tension (0.8 bar)
Wind vane : Wind direction
Tensiometer : Soil moisture tension (0.8 bar)
Wind vane : Wind direction
: – 0.05–0.1
Very Fine sand
Silt : 0.02–0.002 0.002–0.05
: < 0.002 < 0.002
Clay
N P2O5 K2O S
Nitrogenous Fertilizers
2. CAN : 26.0 - - -
4. DAP : 18 46 - -
FUNCTIONS OF PGRs
1. Auxins : Cell division and root formation.
2. Gibberellin : Cell division, breaking dormancy and cell elongation.
3. Cytokinin : Delay senescence, breaking dormancy of seed and development of embryos in seed.
4. Abscisic
acid : Abscission of leaf and fruit, induce dormancy & maintain cell turgidity, facilitate stomata closure.
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M – Water core in Brassica, Marsh disease in Pea, Spotted
Cu – Dieback and little leaf in Citrus, Reclaimation disease in cereals. Mo
ye llow d is ea s e in S ug a rbe et .
.co
w w w. h ind i g k5 0 k
– Yellow spot disorder in Citrus, Whiptail disease in Cauliflower.
Zn – Little leaf in Brinjal and Mango, Bronzing in Guava, White bud in Maize, Khaira disease in Paddy.
Bo – Internal necrosis in Aonla and Mango, Browning in Cauliflower, Heat rot in Sugarbeet, Hen and
Chicken disorder in Grape.
REVOLUTION IN AGRICULTURE
Revolution Related to
Green revolution : Food grain production
White revolution : Milk production
Yellow revolution : Oilseeds production
Gray revolution : Manures and Fertilizers
Blue revolution : Fish production
Red revolution : Meat/Tomato production
Round revolution : Potato production
Silver revolution : Egg production/Poultry
Pink revolution : Prawn production Golden
revolution : Fruit production (apple)
Brown revolution : Non-conventional energy source
Black revolution : Bio fuel (Jatropha) production
Rainbow revolution : Agriculture (1996)
Food chain revolution : Food grain production
Evergreen revolution : Reduction in wastage of food grains, fruits and vegetables
Parbhani revolution : Okra
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PRODUCTION OF FIELD CROPS
Sl.No. IN
Crops IN D I A ( Final
2 01 0 -1 1 )
Estimates 2nd Advance
w wProduction
w . hi n d ig k 5 0 k.com
(Mt.) 2008-09 Production (Mt.) 2009-
Estimates of
Production
10 (Mt.) 2010-11
1. Rice 99.02 89.13 94.01
2. Wheat 80.70 80.80 81.47
3. Maize 19.70 16.70 -
4. Sorghum 7.2 7.0 -
5. Bajra 8.9 6.5 -
6. Course cereals 39.48 33.77 40.08
7. Arhar 2.3 2.6 -
8. Gram 7.1 7.3 -
9. Total pulses 14.60 14.66 16.51
10. Total foodgrains 234.40 218.20 232.07
11. Groundnut 7.2 5.5 -
12. Rapseed & Mustard 7.2 6.4 -
13. 9 oilseeds (Total) 27.70 24.93 27.85
14. Cotton 22.30 24.22 33.93
15. Sugarcane 295.00 292.30 336.70
16. Jute & Mesta 10.30 11.82 10.08
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10. 1 134 8
11. Apple 283 1777 6.3 www.hindigk50k.co
12. Others 1105 7201 6.5
Total 6329 71516 11.3
Vegetables
1. Potato 1835 36577 19.9
2. Onion 756 12159 19.6
3. Tomato 634 12433 16.6
4. Brinjal 612 10563 17.2
5. Cabbage 331 7281 22.0
6. Cauliflower 348 6569 18.9
7. Okra 452 4803 10.6
8. Peas 365 3029 8.3
9. Sweet Potato 119 1095 9.2
10. Others 2300 31168 13.6
Total 7985 133738 16.7
Aromatic: 509 573 1.1
Almond/Walnut: 142 193 1.4
Flowers Loose: 183 1021 -
Plantation Crops: 3265 11928 3.7
Spices: 2464 4016 1.6
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5 M 263
6. Egg 45 (no.) www.hindigk50k.co
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Recent Research/Technologies in Agriculture
NANOTECHNOLOGY
The term ‘Nanotechnology’ was The term ‘Nanotechnology’ was coined by Nario
Taniguchi in 1974 at Univ. of Tokyo.
Nanotechnology is understanding and control of matter of dimension of 1-100 nm.
Example of Nano based Smart Delivery System - Halloysite
Nano Pesticide – Nano Particles (NPs) of ZnO, SiO2 and TiO2 used for Bacterial and
Green algae.
BIO-INFORMATICS
Bio-informatics is the application of computer science and information technology to the
field of biology to the management of biological information.
Computers are used to gather, store, analyze and integrate biological and genetic
information which can then be applied to gene-based drug discovery and development.
The primary goal of bioinformatics is to increase the understanding of biological
processes and developing and applying computationally intensive techniques (e.g., pattern
recognition, data mining, machine learning algorithms, and visualization) to achieve this
goal.
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Crop having highest transgenic plant cultivation area –
Sowybweawn.>hCinodrni>gCko5tt0onk.com
TERMINATOR TECHNOLOGY
Terminator technology refers to research of seeds/plants that produce sterile seeds.
This technology could be used to prevent any gene flow between biotechnology and
traditional crops.
Recently, it is used in Cotton.
HYDROPONICS
Hydroponics is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water,
without soil.
Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in
an inert medium, such as gravel, mineral wool or coconut husk.
Hydroponics is a subset of soil less culture.
AEROPONICS
Aeroponics is a system wherein roots are continuously or discontinuously kept in an
environment saturated with fine drops (a mist or aerosol) of nutrient solution.
The method requires no substrate and entails growing plants with their roots suspended in
a deep air or growth chamber with the roots periodically wetted with a fine mist of
atomized nutrients.
Excellent aeration is the main advantage of aeroponics.
VERTICAL FARMING
Vertical farming is a concept that argues that it is economically and environmentally
viable to cultivate plant or animal life within skyscrapers, or on vertically inclined
surfaces.
AEROBIC RICE
The main objectives are to improve the productivity and sustainability of rice-wheat
cropping systems through increased efficiency of water and nutrient use.
The aerobic rice practice includes:
Dry sowing of rice with minimum land preparation i.e. in non-puddled and non- flooded
soil.
Efficient seed coating technology either with suitable Phosphobacterium and or
Rhizobium cultures.
Square sowing with wider spacing to avoid root competition for crop growth.
Maintenance of moist soil but aerated soil during vegetative growth period.
Efficient weed management either by use of herbicide or by use of frequent hand
weeding especially in the early stages of crop.
Allowing a thin film of water (1-2 cm) to be maintained after panicle initiation.
SUPER RICE
Super rice” is also k/s New Plant Type (NPT).
“Super rice” is a redesigned rice plant to break the yield –barriers of popular grown
dwarf rice plant types and to face the new challenges of ever increasing population. In the
21st century. (acc. to Dr. G.S.KHUS)
Super rice is a N.P.T. developed by IRRI that can produce yield of 12-15 tones/ha has 2-
3 times greater no. of grains/panicle and thicker and sturdy stem.
The key aim of development of Super rice varieties is to increase per capita
availability of rice and to a decline in real price of rice in International and
Domestic markets.
SCUBA RICE
Flooding affects 15–20 million hectares of lowland rice fields in Asia each year, it is a
major contributor to the food insecurity and widespread poverty in these areas.
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IRRI scientists incorporated the SUB1 gene into populawr lwocwal.hricine
dvairgiekti5es0cko.llceoctmively known as “scuba rice.
Scuba rice varieties, which can survive up to 2 weeks of being under water, are now used
by millions of farmers and serve as their first line of defence against flooding.
GOLDEN RICE
Golden rice or GM rice is genetically engineered vitamin A rich rice.
It was engineered to save million of children from blindness.
SUPER WHEAT
‘Super varieties’ of wheat resistant to the deadly stem rust fungus Ug99 and with up to 15
per cent better yields than today’s varieties.
KISHAN KHAD
It is also known as CAN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate)
Kishan khad is commercially prepared from ammonium nitrate and ground limestone or
dolomite containing 20% nitrogen.
It contains 26% nitrogen.
One half of the nitrogen is in nitrate form and the remaining half in the ammonical
form. It is almost neutral in nature.
Bt COTTON
Cotton with Bt gene (Bacillus thuringiensis) is resistance against the pest, Helicoverpa.
It is developed by U.S. based seed company ‘Monsanto’ and registered the name
‘Bollgard’.
Bt variety obtained 25-27% more cotton along with reduced the cost of pesticides and
protect environment from pesticidal hazards.
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for their short-term credit needs for cultivation of crops.
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This mainly helps farmer for purchase of inputs etc., durinwg
Credit card scheme proposed to introduce flexibility to the system and improve cost
efficiency.
PRECISION FARMING
Precision farming means high tech agriculture, spatial variability management.
It is the technique or method to find out the use of appropriate inputs, appropriate
technology, decreasing cost of cultivation decisions, optimizing outputs for safety and
security of food according to site or soil condition.
CONTRACT FARMING
Contract farming is a system for the production and supply of agricultural products under
forward contracts between cultivators and buyers.
Here, the cultivator commits to provide an agricultural product of a specific type at a
specific time and at a specified price that is required by the committed buyers.
The main feature is that the contractor supplies all the material inputs and technical
advice required for cultivation to the cultivator. In turn, the cultivator supplies the
required land and labour.
LEISA
LEISA stands for Low-External-Input Sustainable Agriculture.
LEISA is an agricultural technique which makes optimal use of locally available natural
and human resources (such as soil, water, vegetation, local plants and animals, and human
labour, knowledge and skill) and which is economically feasible, ecologically sound,
culturally adapted and socially just.
GLOBAL WARMING
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“Global
the warming
increase is the extraordinary
of greenhouse increase
gases concentration of atmosphere.”
on the Ear th ’s
w w
Greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and CFC) are the heat-
trapping gases in the atmosphere.
They trap the heat that came from the solar energy (sun radiation) which results continually
warming of the earth.
OZONE DEPLETION
Ozone layer is a protective layer in our atmosphere.
It’s about 19 to 30 km in distance from the Earth surface.
It blocks the harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that come from the sun.
The concentration of the layer is usually under 10 parts ozone per million.
Ozone layer concentration is measured by Ozonometer.
The ozone layer is made up by the action of sunlight to oxygen, and the amount is stabled by
the existence of nitrogen.
If there was no ozone layer ever, cancer would dominate and even no life would be in this
world.
ARTIFICIAL RAIN
The clouds are injected with a seeding agent like dry ice, sodium chloride and silver iodide
from an aircraft or using a ground generator for producing artificial rain.
ACID RAIN
Acid rain (CO2+Rain drops) basically have Carbonic acid with pH of less than 5.6.
This is caused by the presence of air pollutants, like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
They produce acids if combined with water.
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