VOCABULARY SHEET

1. aesthetic: concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.

2. lurking: to wait or move in a secret way so that you cannot be seen, especially because you are
about to attack someone or do something wrong

3. underscore- to emphasize the importance something: The need for fire detectors in cargo bays was
underscored by some accidents in the 1980s.

4. modest: moderate, fair, humble. He was a very modest man/ Drink moderate amount of alchohol.

5. reckon: consider, view. The event was reckoned a failure.

6. oblivious (of/to): unaware of what is happening around. She was oblivious to the consequences of
the decision.

7. entail: to cause or involve something as necessary part or consequence. Such a huge investment
entails some risk.

8. concocted: make /prepare (food), create, make up, think of (plan)

9. conflate: cobine 2 or more texts, ideas..etc into one.

10. corpus: collection, compilation, body

11. fiasco: a complete failure

12. blizzard: snow storm with winds

13. plausible: reasonable

14. vague: unclear, indefinite

15. telltale: disclosing something unintentionally, allowing a secret to be known

16. slither: move slowly in a twisting motion

17. traverse: travel across

18. commonplace: usual, ordinary. Unemployment is commonplace in India.

19. overwhelming: great in amount. overwhelming support/ overwheing desire

20. indigenous: native, local of that place, area

21. deflect: divert, turn, cause something to change direction

22. incumbency: the period during which someone holds an office. During his incumbency as a
commissioner, he did a lot for the city.

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23. propel: kind of a movement, push something forward

24. simulate: (imitate/ pretend) to do or make something that looks real but is not real, made to
look like or have the features of something else. In chea furniture, plastic is used to simulate wood.

25. orthodox: conservative, traditional

26. onslaught: destructive attack/ assault

27. remorse: deep regeret or guilt for committing something wrong

28. articulate: ability to speak fluently & coherently. An ariculate account of the experience.

29. forgo: do without/ go without She wanted to forgo tea. refrain from- We forgo any comparison
between the two women.

30. enigma: mystery, puzzle, a person or thing difficult to understand. His disappearance is an enigma
for eberyone.

31. unprecedented: never done/ known before. Unprecedented times of covid 19.

32. peril: serious, immediate danger. He faced the peril of falling rocks.

33. uprising: an act of revolt/ rebellion. The government faced an uprising from the people.

34. formative: early stages, starting to develop. Formative years of a child's life are crucial for
education.

35. momentous: of great importance

36. amidst: in the middle of/ surrounded by. He visited Australia amidst tight security.

Amidst covid 19, the government announced policy changes.

37. rampant: spreading unchecked.A rampant increase in population.

38. persecute: oppress someone because of their religion, ethnicity etc.

39. exacerbating: make a problem worse.

40. unparalleled: exceptional/ no match. They have achieved unparalleled progress in no time.

41. aggrive: feeling resentment for unfair trearment/ unhappy, upset. He felt aggrieved for not being
selected in the team.

42. endow (with): provide with a quality, ability or asset. He endowed the church with lands.

43. pernicious: having a harmful effect. The pernicious effects of air pollution.

44. concur (with): agree. I concur with the majority.

45. impede: delay/prevent by obstructing. The match was impeded by the rain.

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46. baffled: confused. We are baffled by his behaviour.

47. futile: useless, pointless. This is a futile effort.

48. peculiarities: strange, unusual features/ habits. It is a peculiarity of the house that there is no front
door.

49. curtail: reduce in extent, quantity. The government needs to curtail the spraed of the virus.

50. pedagogical: related to teaching. The book describes current pedagogical methods used in
teaching reading.

51. discern: recognise/ distinguish. We can discern no difference between the policies.

52. breakthrough: development/ advancement: A major breakthrough in DNA research.

53. woe: misery, sorrow, distress. His woe was beyond description.

54. invasive: tend to spread very quickly and harmfully. Invasive cancer interfere- tending to intrude
on a person's thoughts or privacy.

55. sprawled: spreadd over a large area. The town sprawled along several miles of cliff top.

56. radical: thorough (change or action)- radical changes, revolutionary/progressive (person)- He is a

57. disdain: the feeling of not liking someone or something and think it is is unworthy of their respect.
The mayor’s disdain for his opponents was well known.

58. emulate: imitate, copy

59. inanimate: lifeless

60. audacious: daring/ brave to take risks, showing lack of respect- He made an audacious remark.

61. recoup: recover/ regain

62. derange: intrude/disturb- "I am sorry to have deranged you for so small a matter. of unsound mind

63. subsist: survive/live- He subsisted on welfare and casual labour. continue/persist

64. streamline: make something more efficient- the company streamlined its operations by removing
whole layers of management

65. patronage: sponsorship, funding

66. endorse: publically support or approve- I don't endorse her views.

67. castigate: to criticize someone or something severely

Eg- Health inspectors castigated the kitchen staff for not keeping the place clean.

68. coaxed: gentle and persistent persuasion. Eg- the trainees were coaxed into doing boring work

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OR

arrange (something) carefully into a particular shape or position

69. Manifest: show/exhibit. Eg- She manifested signs of severe depression.

70. acclaim: praise/ applaud. Eg- Despite critical acclaim, the novel did not sell well.

71. latent: dormant/ inactive. Eg- Diabetes may be latent for some years before diagnosis.

72. marred: impair the quality/ appearance, spoil. Eg- The text is marred by careless errors.

73. facade: the face or front of a building. Eg- The galary has an elegant 18th century facade.

OR a false or misleading appearance. Eg- We are fed up with this facade of democracy.

74. facets: aspect, feature, characteristic. Eg- This philosophy extends to all facets of business.

75. concise: clear, brief information. Eg- She wrote a concise summary of the event.

76. abridged: made shorter by having some details or less important information removed.

Eg- The abridged article was first published in 2010

77. unwittingly: unaware/ unknowingly. She may have unwittingly misled voters.

78. affair: event/incident, love affair. Eg- The board took full responsibility for the affair.

79. voracity: strong desire/insatiable. Eg- Elena reads books with such voracity that she returns to the
library two or three times a week.

OR can be used with food as well. Eg- Sometimes this word refers to literally eating too much, and
other times it refers to the desire to overeat. Anyone might eat a couple of hot dogs, but only someone
with voracity could eat ten or eleven in one sitting.

80. edict: an official order, especially the one given in a forceful way. Eg- The council issued an edict
against spitting on the street.

81. demarcate: set the boundaries or limits of.

Eg- plots of land demarcated by barbed wire.

82. allegiance: loyalty or faithfulness to a superior or to a group. Eg- Soldiers have to swear allegiance
to the Crown/the King.

83. delineated: to describe something completely/precisely. Eg- The constitution carefully delineates
the duties of the treasurer's office.

84. genome: complete set of genetic information in an organism

85. cathedral: a type of church

86. obfuscated: to make unclear/ obscure

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87. abjure: reject

88. beguiled: to persuade, attract, or interest someone, sometimes in order to deceive them.

89. stature: A person's height

or reputation.

90. pioneered: develop or be the first to use or apply.

91. counterpart: a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another person or
thing in a different place or situation.

92. fanatical: extremely interested in something, to a degree that some people find unreasonable.
Eg- He is fanatical about fitness.

93. trajectory: the curved path that an object follows after it has been thrown or shot into the air. Eg-
The trajectory of the bullet..

94. defiant: refusing to obey or not willing to acacept criticism. Eg- defiant behaviour

95. derangement: the state of being completely unable to think clearly or behave in a controlled way,
especially because of mental illness

96. trivial: of little value/importance

97. rudimentary: basic/ simple/ elementary

98. hostile: unfriendly, opposed

99. disgust: a strong feeling of disapproval or dislike. Eg- He resigned from the committee in disgust
at the corruption

100. dismay: upset, worried, concerned or agitated because of some unwelcome situation.

101. realm: domain/field. Eg- The realm of applied chemistry.

102. manifestation: a sign of something existing or happening: She claimed that the rise in
unemployment was just a further manifestation of the government's incompetence.

103. prolific: producing a great number or amount of something. Eg- He was probably the most prolific
songwriter of his generation.

104. allude: to hint at

105. pertinent: relating directly to the subject being considered. Eg- Chapter One is pertinent to the
post-war period.

106. Trajectory: route or path

107. Blast through: go beyond

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108. Trigger: cause of function

109. Bear out: support or confirm something. Example- The facts don't bear out your fears.

110. Plunk: hit someone abruptly

111. Efface: erase or remove a mark from a surface

112. Mortification: embarrassment or shame

113. Gesticulation: using gestures to express or emphasize

114. Predilection: liking, preference

115. Flex: to show that you are proud or happy about something

116. Wither: decay, decline

117. Felon: criminal

118. Discursive: involving discussion, moving from one topic to another without order

119. Resonant: clear & loud

120. Extant: still in existence

121. Blatant: obvious

122. Testament; tangible proof, legal document

123. Defuse: reduce, lessen

124. Dubbed: give an unofficial name to anything or anyone

125. Instate: establish

126. Dispossess: deprive of

127. Stagger: very shocked or surprised, and move or walk unsteadily

128. Swagger: walk/ behave in a aconfident/ arrogant/ proud way

129. Snigger: laugh at someone in an unkind way

130. Inflict: impose, force

131. Discernible: noticeable, detectable

132. Whiff of racism (idiom): the presence of even a slight amount of racism.

Eg- The comments she made about her colleagues's accent contained a whiff of racism.

133. Detriment: harm, damage

134. Commissary: a government official, delegate

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135. Straggle: to move alone or in small groups, separated in distance

136. Grapple: to struggle, fight

137. Hankered: a strong desire to do something. Eg- I hanker for a glass of ice tea when it is too hot.

138. Penmanship: a aperson's handwriting

139. Take something to heart (phrase): think seriously about it

140. Coerce: pressurize

141. Rife: widespread, especially something negative. Eg- Rumours were rife in the village.

142. Retinue: a group of advisors, assistants, others accompanying an important person.

143. Indict: formally accused of crime

144. Counterpart: equivalent, peer

145. Contour: outline, shape

146. Cruise (verb): move, travel slowly. Eg- The police should patrol on foot rather than cruising in
vehicles.

147. Dangle: hang, swing

148. Tramp: walk heavily/ noisily

149. Geospatial: collect, analyse & store geographic information

150. Payoffs: payment or final outcome

151. Build in: include in

152. off the mark: inaccurate

153. Pertinent: relevant, suitable

154. Warded: admitted to hospital or to guard/protect

155. Articulate: ability to speak fluently, coherently

156. covet- desire. She always coveted power but never achieved it.

157. conviction- judgement/ sentence. She had a previous conviction for a similar offence.

158. track down- discover/ find out. It took seventeen years to trackjk down the wreck of the ship.

159. unravel- solve/ puzzle out/ find an answer to

160. flotillas- a small fleet of ships or boats.

161. alley- passage (narrow passageway between buildings).

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162. reign supreme- the most important. France's fashion houses still remain supreme today.

163. evanescent- fading or disappearing.

164. put off- delay

165. flanked- to be at the side of something. The president was flanked by the senior advisors.

166. didactic- intended to teach people something, especially a moral lesson.

167. partisan (adj)- biased

168. lateral- sideways movement. The plant takes up water from its lateral roots.

169. infliction- the action of forcing someone to experience something very unpleasant. Physical abuse
involves inflicton of physical injury on a child.

170. fantasy- imaginary/ magical/ unreal

171. hypothetical- syggested but not necessarily true/ real

172. daunting- seeming difficult to deal with or causing fear/ discouragement

173. endeavor- venture/ attempt

174. angst-ridden- filled with anxiety, frustration. eg- Angst ridden teenagers

175. grappling with- try hard to deal with

176. aaccustomed to- used to something, natural, easy to deal with

177. very (adj)- exact/ particular. This is the very book I've been looking for.

178. nuance- subtle details that make something complex and interesting.

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