PE REVIEWER

History of Basketball

⮚ Basketball is a team sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular

court.
⮚ hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and mounted at a height of 10 feet (3.048
m)
⮚ Began in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts

⮚ James Naismith

⮚ soccer ball

⮚ two peach baskets

⮚ 1894 when an actual “basketball” was invented.

⮚ 1983: Spalding becomes the official supplier of NBA basketballs

⮚ 1906, metal basket with Holes In bottom.

⮚ 1913, a hoop with a net was invented

⮚ 1893, backboard invented

⮚ December 21, 1891, James Naismith published rules for a new game using five
basic ideas and thirteen rules.
⮚ 1st Game: Armory Street court: 9 versus 9, using a soccer ball and two peach
baskets.

13 Original Rules

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.

2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands (never with the
fist.)

3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on
which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when
running at a good speed if he tries to stop.

4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body must not be
used for holding

5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the person of

an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of this rule by any player shall
count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or, if
there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no
substitute allowed.

6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3, 4, and such as
described in Rule 5.

7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for the
opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the mean time making
a foul.

8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into
the basket and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch
or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves
the basket, it shall count as a goal.

9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of play by the
person first touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight
into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if he holds it longer, it
shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire
shall call a foul on that side.

10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the
referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall have power to
disqualify men according to Rule 5.

11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in
bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a
goal has been made, and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are
usually performed by a referee.

12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves, with five minutes’ rest between.
Comment: Game formats including length and the number of periods played
along with halftime periods vary according to level.

13. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case
of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until
another goal is made.

⮚ The first professional league was founded in 1898.

⮚ first champions were the Trenton Nationals, followed by the New York
Wanderers, the Bristol Pile Drivers and the Camden Electrics.
⮚ Basketball league was founded in New York City on June 6, 1946 as the
Basketball Association of America (BAA).
⮚ The league adopted the name National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949

⮚ June 18, 1932 that a real international organization was formed, to coordinate
tournaments and teams: that day, Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy,
Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland founded the International Basketball
Federation (Fédération internationale de basketball amateur, FIBA) in Geneva.

BASKETBALL TIMELINE

⮚ 1893: The number of players on each team is reduced from nine to five.

⮚ 1895: The free-throw line is introduced, and the game begins to take shape with
familiar elements like dribbling, passing, and shooting.

⮚ 1910: The rules are refined to allow continuous dribbling. Players are now
permitted to dribble as much as they want, and the game starts to resemble
modern basketball more closely.

⮚ 1897: The scoring system evolves, and two points are awarded for goals made
from outside a designated area. This marks the introduction of a distinction
between field goals and longer shots.

⮚ 1936: FIBA, the international governing body for basketball, establishes a

standardized set of rules for international play. The scoring system includes two
points for field goals and one point for free throws.

⮚ 1961: The American Basketball League (ABL) introduces the three-point line,
awarding three points for shots made from beyond a specific distance. However,
the ABL only lasts a few seasons.

⮚ 1967: The American Basketball Association (ABA) is founded, and it adopts the
three-point line as a permanent feature. The ABA awards three points for shots
made from beyond the arc.

⮚ 1979: The NBA and NCAA adopt the three-point line, bringing it into mainstream
basketball. The NBA sets the three-point line at 22 feet from the basket at the
top of the key and 23 feet, 9 inches in the corners.

⮚ 1985: FIBA introduces the three-point line in international competition, aligning

with the NBA's use of the rule.
BASKETBALL TERMINOLOGIES

⮚ Traveling- This violation happens when a player takes more steps than
allowed without dribbling the ball.

⮚ Double Dribble- Violation where a player dribbles, stops, and then starts
dribbling again or dribbles with both hands.

⮚ Five-Second Violation- A violation that occurs when a player holds the

ball for more than five seconds while closely guarded.

⮚ Frontcourt- The offensive half of the court, extending from the midcourt
line to the baseline of the opponent's basket.

⮚ Foul- Infraction that results in free throws or possession awarded to the

opposing team.

⮚ Free Throw- Uncontested shot awarded after certain fouls, taken from the
free-throw line.

⮚ Buzzer Beater- A shot made just before the game or quarter buzzer
sounds.

⮚ Zone Press- Defensive strategy where players apply pressure on the

opposing team in a zonal formation.

⮚ Jump Ball- Method of starting or restarting play by tossing the ball up at

center court for two opposing players to jump and try to tap it to their
teammates.

⮚ Substitution- Replacing a player on the court with a substitute during a

stoppage in play.

⮚ Isolation Ball- Offensive strategy focused on isolation plays, allowing a

single player to create scoring opportunities one-on-one
⮚ Low Post- Area on the court close to the baseline and the basket, often
used for post-up plays.

⮚ Rebound- The act of gaining possession of the ball after a missed field
goal or free throw.

⮚ Jump Shot- A shooting technique where a player jumps into the air to
release the ball at the peak of their jump.

⮚ Inbounding- The process of passing the ball into play from out of bounds,
usually after a stoppage in play.

⮚ Screen- Offensive move where a player sets a blocking position to free a

teammate for a shot or drive to the basket.

⮚ Jab Step- Offensive move where a player uses a quick step to fake a
drive or shot, attempting to unbalance a defender.

⮚ Pump Fake- A deceptive motion where a player fakes a shot to make a

defender jump, creating an opportunity to drive or pass.

⮚ Personal Foul- A common foul committed by a player that involves illegal

physical contact with an opponent.

⮚ Triple Threat Position- Fundamental stance where a player is ready to

dribble, pass, or shoot, with feet shoulder-width apart, knees bent, and
ball held near the waist.

⮚ Flop- An exaggerated and deceptive fall to the floor by a player, often to

draw a charging foul against an opponent.

⮚ Kick Ball- A violation that occurs when a player kicks the ball intentionally
or unintentionally.

raveling:
This violation happens when a player takes more steps than allowed without dribbling
the ball.
Double D ribble:
Violation where a player dribbles,
stops, and then starts dribbling
again or dribbles with both hands.

Traveling:
This violation happens when a
player takes more steps than
allowed without dribbling the ball.

Double
Dribble:
Violation where a player dribbles,
stops, and then starts dribbling
again or dribbles with both hands.