7

SCIENCE
Second
SecondQuarter-Module
Quarter-Module 2
Using the Compound
1B Microscope
Using the Compound Microscope

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

1
 Science - Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Second Quarter - Module 2: Using the Compound Microscope
First Edition, 2020

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 Week 2 Day 1

Lesson Focusing Specimen Using the

1 Compound Microscope

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, you are expected to familiarize the steps in focusing
specimen using the compound microscope; andcompute the magnification of a specimen
seen under the microscope.
A microscope is a portable but very powerful tool in the field of Biology. It allows us to
capture naked images of living things bared to its tiniest cell and provides us with essential
data about the existence of things with life. In fact, this recent pandemic introduces us to a
new strain of virus – the COVID-19. Have you ever seen a corona virus even in pictures? How
do scientists capture these images?

What’s New

Activity 2: Think and Sketch!

Directions: Close your eyes and feel your surroundings around you. You need to take note
of your breathing and clear your thoughts for a while. Now, remember what you know about
the corona virus appearance and how scientists were able to capture it. You need to think of
what it looks like as if you are a scientist looking at the virus under the microscope. Focus on
the specimen and think of its structures or forms and how it appears in your imagination.
Ready? (Perform the activity now)
Open your eyes and remember what you have imagined. In your Science activity
notebook, draw the virus as how you perceived it should look like. (See the sample below for
the format)

My Corona -19 Sketch

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 What Is It

Questions to Ponder:
• Do the Eyepiece and Objectives have numeric inscriptions or labels?
• How are these numeric inscriptions affect the magnification of a specimen?
• How important is the mirror in focusing a specimen under the microscope and
why?
• How will you describe the images as seen in the microscope with the actual images
seen with the unaided eyes?
• Which Adjustment Knob are you going to use for LPO? HPO? Oil Immersion
Objective?
• When you move the slide to the left, right, up or down, to which direction does the
image move?

Week 2 Day 2

In the previous activities, you were asked to imagine what a corona virus looked like
just like when you were asked to visualize how it looked like using a microscope. In focusing
specimen using the compound microscope, you will be able to generate magnified images.
Focusing a Specimen using the Compound Microscope
Since the discussion on magnification and how the microscope enlarges a specimen
was done, it is time to learn the steps in focusing specimen using the Compound Microscope
so that when you will be in an actual laboratory class, you will be able to familiarize yourself
on how to manipulate it. The familiarity of its parts and function is necessary for you, the
learner, to utilize the microscope’s efficiency to the fullest. So the big question for this module
is, “How are you going to focus a specimen using a compound microscope? It’s easy. Just
follow the steps presented on the next page.

Steps in focusing a specimen using the compound microscope

Step 1: Determine the specimen you are going to

focus on.
Letter ‘e’ clipping from a
In the class, your teacher would provide you what newspaper
specimen to focus on depending on the topic being
discussed. Say, the topic is all about animal cell, and
then the teacher may opt to require you to scrape a tiny
bit of sample from your cheek using a clean toothpick or
if its plant, she may tell you bring an onion skin.
Onion skin under the
microscope

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Step 2: Preparing a Wet Mount Cut out letter ‘e’ from a
newspaper clipping.

Place the cut out letter ‘e’

in a glass slide.

A SPECIMEN is a sample
part of any material such as plant,
animal or even paper and mineral
for examination under the Add a drop of water using
a dropper or cotton ball.
microscope3. Then position the cover
slip 450 with one side
Also, when using a plant or touching the edge of the
animal specimen, make sure to water and slowly lower the
cover slip until it covers
slice thinly the sample in order for the specimen.
light to pass through the
specimen.

Tap the cover slip gently

by an eraser-end of a
pencil until the bubbles
move towards the cover
slip’s edges4

Figure 2. Preparing wet

mount

_________________________
3
Asuncion, Alvie J. et al., Science Learner’s Material. DepEd-BLR (Pasig City, 2017), 112.
4
Ibid, 113.

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 Place the glass slide
containing the specimen
Step 3: Viewing a Specimen on the stage directly
above its center hole and
set the stage clip in place.

Look through the eyepiece

and adjust the mirror to
find the Field of View of
the microscope. When the
A FIELD OF VIEW is the field of view is too bright
bright circle of light under the adjust the diaphragm.

microscope. Remember not to

use direct sunlight as a source
While watching at the side,
to view a specimen because it carefully lower the body
tube by turning the coarse
can permanently damage the adjustment knob until the
end of the LPO almost
retina of the eyes5.
touches the cover slip6.
This action avoids
breaking of the cover slip
when starting to find a
focus of the specimen.

Look through the eyepiece

again. Slowly turn the
coarse or fine adjustment
knob upward to raise the
objective until the letter ‘e’
appears. Continue
adjusting until you can see
clearly. This indicates that
the specimen is in focus7.

Figure 3. Viewing the

specimen
_________________________
5
Asuncion, Alvie J. et al., Science Learner’s Material. DepEd-BLR (Pasig City, 2017), 112.
6
Ibid, 113.
7
Ibid, 113.

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Table 1. Direction of the Movement of the Image

Direction of the Adjustment Knob when Direction of the Movement of the Image
turned when viewed under the Microscope
To the right To the left

To the left To the right

Upward Downward

Downward Upward

When looking at the

microscope, the letter “e” appears
inverted as seen in Figure 4. Also,
when viewing a wet specimen such
as a sample of pond water or the like,
tilting of the microscope is neither
advisable nor using LPO or HPO.
Rather, look at the specimen in a
normal microscope position and use
Figure 4. Image of letter “e” Oil Immersion Objective to focus
clearly on the specimen.

HEADS UP! In using a microscope in the Science laboratory, always handle the
microscope carefully. Be careful in using any sharp objects (scissors, blades, glass
slides, etc.) and always perform microscopic activities with the guidance of your
subject teacher.

Week 2 Day 3

What’s More

Activity 3. Focus on Which comes First!

Directions: Read the statements carefully and determine which comes first, next, and last
in sequential order. Write the number as to the order in preparing a wet mount (Set A) and
focusing specimen under the microscope (Set B) in your Science activity notebook. [1 being
the first step, 2 being the next step, and so and on so forth]

Set A. Preparing wet mount

______ Lower carefully the cover slip over the wet mount.
______ Tap the bubbles using the eraser-end of a pencil.
______ Place the specimen in a glass slide.
______ Add a drop of water to the specimen.

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Set B. Focusing a specimen under the microscope
______ Look through the eyepiece and adjust the mirror to look for a light source.
______ Turn the revolving nosepiece to LPO.
______ Rotate the Course Adjustment Knob until the specimen can be clearly seen.
______ Place a slide so that it directly aligns with the center hole of the stage.

Lesson Magnification Power of a

2 Microscope

What’s New

Activity 2. That’s the Power!

Directions: Read the situation found in the box and analyze the question/s that follow. Write
your answers in your Science activity notebook.
Situation: Marissa was looking at an onion specimen through the microscope using
5x eyepiece magnification and she also used 10x magnification for the
Objective. She was able to see clearly the specimen.
Questions:
1. What is the magnification number of the following parts of the microscope used by
Marissa in her observation of an onion specimen?
A. Eyepiece - ____
B. Objective - ____
2. How did the microscope help Julia in observing the onion specimen?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

What Is It

The microscope is used to enlarge images from its actual size to see internal structures
of living things. The ability to enlarge an image of the object’s length in one direction but not
changing the actual size is called magnification8. This means that the specimen increases
its area by the square of its magnification. So how will you compute for the magnification of
an object?
The numeric inscription written in the eyepiece and objective tells us how many times
the microscope actually magnifies an object. The object’s magnification can be computed by

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multiplying the magnification of the inscription in the Eyepiece to the magnification inscription
of the Objective. Hence,

Let us put it in an illustrative manner as seen in Figure 6:

Figure 6. Numeric inscriptions of the eyepiece and objective

Therefore, if the Eyepiece has 5x magnification and the Objective has 40x
magnification, then 5 x 40 = 200x magnification! In other words, a specimen seen under the
compound microscope using an Eyepiece with 5x magnification and an Objective with 40x
(HPO) means that the specimen is magnified 200x its actual size when seen under the
microscope! Imagine that! Let us take note that x in 5x or 40x stands for (times). Can you
imagine the wonder of a microscope?
_________________________
8 Madriaga, Estrelita J et.al.,Science and Technology II: Biology (Quezon City, 1994), 16.

What’s More

Activity 3: Magnify Me!

Directions: Read the situation below and answer the activity that follows. Write your
answers in your Science activity notebook.

The Grade 7 science class of Ms. Julia was observing plant cells using a
compound microscope with 5x Eyepiece magnification and 10x magnification for the
Objectives.
Calculate the magnification of the specimen using the formula:

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 What I Have Learned

Activity: What’s the Word

Directions: Complete the paragraph using the words found in the box below. Write the word
in your Science activity notebook.

MIRROR OBJECTIVES PENCIL MAGNIFICATION

EYEPIECE INVERTED GLASS SLIDE COVER SLIP

10X FIELD OF VIEW 40X UPWARD

A microscope is an essential tool in Biology. It provides us with important data

on specimens being examined. The (1) ______ has various magnification (5x, 10x,
12.5x, 15x) which attaches to the body tube. On the other hand, the revolving
nosepiece is attached to the (2) ______ with 10x, 40x and 100x magnifications.
In preparing a wet mount, place the specimen in a (3) _______, add a drop of
water and cover it with a (4) _________. Tap the cover slip with the eraser-end of a
(5) ________ to reduce the formation of the bubbles.
Look at the eyepiece and adjust the (6) ______ to find the (7) _____ of the
microscope which is the bright circle of light. The (8) _________ of a specimen is
computed by multiplying the magnification of the Eyepiece with the magnification of
the Objectives. If the eyepiece has a magnification of 10x and the Objective has (9)
_________, then the specimen’s magnification is 400x. Also, turning the stage knob
upward will result in moving the specimen as seen in the microscope downward while
turning the stage knob to the left will move the specimen to the right as seen under
the microscope. Finally, the specimen when seen under the microscope appears
(10) _____________.

Week 2 Day 5

What I Can Do

Directions: Read the situation below and answer the question in 2-3 sentences. Write your
answer in your Science activity notebook.

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 In today’s pandemic situation, how important is the microscope in observing a
specimen especially in the search for vaccines that would stop the COVID-19 virus?
Explain your answer.

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY

Needs
Criteria Excellent (5) Very Good (4) Average (3)
Improvement (4)

Clear and focused on the Started to define

Not well-defined
situation/problem/theme. Mostly focused and the topic regardless
with too many ideas
Ideas Catches the teacher’s had some good of the generality of
that confuse the
interest with relevant details. the ideas. Provided
main details.
details. basic answer.

Enhances and showcases

The organizational Sentences in
the main theme or ideas
Mostly organized, structure is strong between
are well organized forming
in order and make enough to convince paragraphs make
Organization into a cohesive structure.
sense to the the teacher without sense but not the
Moves the teacher
teacher. too much order of the
through the flow of the
confusion. paragraph.
texts.

The essay has an easy

Sentences are Most of the
flow, rhythm, and Sentences flow with
Sentence coherent but with sentences were
cadence. Sentences are few grammatical
Fluency 50% grammatical grammatically
well-built with no errors.
errors. incorrect.
grammatical errors.

Assessment

Directions: Read the statements/questions and choose the letter of the best answer. Writethe
letter of your answer in your Science activity notebook.
1. What do you call the bright circle of light when viewing a specimen through the eyepiece?
(A) Blind Spot (C) Field of View
(B) Eyepiece vision (D) Reflection
[

2. Julia was observing an onion cell under the High Power Objective (HPO) and she noticed
that it moved upward and then it moved to the right. What does this tell about the actual
movement of the specimen?
(A) The specimen moved upward and to the left.
(B) The specimen moved upward and to the right.
(C) The specimen moved downward and to the right.
(D) The specimen actually moved downward and to the left.

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3. What is the position of the letter “e” as seen under the microscope?
(A) The position stays the same.
(B) The “e” is positioned diagonally.
(C) The letter “e” appears larger and inverted.
(D) The position cannot be identified due to its enlarged magnification.
4. The following statements describe how to focus a specimen under the compound
microscope, EXCEPT:
(A) Aim the mirror at your light source.
(B) Use the fine adjustment knob to bring the specimen into focus.
(C) Adjust the stage to find the center focus of the specimen.
(D) Move the coarse adjustment knob towards you only.

5. A plant cell is viewed using a 10x eyepiece magnification and 43x HPO. How many times
will it be magnified?
(A) 10 times (C) 143 times
(E) 43 times (D) 430 times

6. Why is it necessary for a specimen to be thin when being observed under the microscope?
(A) The image will be clearer.
(B) The image would be bigger.
(C) Light could pass through the specimen.
(D) High magnification objective can be used.

7. Which type of objective is used in focusing a specimen if the inscription is 100x or 97x
magnification?
(A) Scanner (C) Low Power Objective (LPO)
(B) High Power Objective (HPO) (D) Oil Immersion Objective

8. How will you be able to know that the revolving nosepiece of the HPO is properly aligned
with the eyepiece?
(A) The eyepiece fits perfectly with the objective.
(B) The eyepiece detaches from the revolving nosepiece.
(C) The revolving nosepiece of the objective turns easily.
(D) The objective produces a “click” sound when the revolving nosepiece is turned.

9. Which of the following shows the proper way of removing bubble formation after you place
the cover slip into the specimen with water?
(A) Tap gently the cover slip with the eraser-end of a pencil.
(B) Add another cover slip over the first one to disperse water.
(C) Remove the cover slip and perform the process over again.
(D) Blow gently into the cover slip so that the water disperses over the specimen.

10. Tilting the microscope allows one to do observation while sitting. Which of the following is
not applicable when a microscope is tilted?
(A) Viewing a leaf
(B) Viewing an onion skin
(C) Viewing a protist in water
(D) Viewing a sample tissue from an inner cheek

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11. Which objective are you going to use when focusing bacteria, protists, and fungi,?
(A) Low Power Objective (C) Oil Immersion Objective
(E) High Power Objective (D) Scanner

12. An animal cell being observed is seen at the topmost part of the field of view under the
Low Power Objective (LPO). If you want to position the specimen at the center, which
direction should you move the slide?
(A) Move to the left side of the user
(B) Move to the right side of the user
(C) Downward or towards me or the user
(D) Forward or away from me or the user

13. Which of the following describes a microscope’s magnification?

(A) A microscope’s ability to identify the name of the object.
(B) A microscope’s ability to generate an image without changing sizes.
(C) A microscope’s ability to reflect an object’s image dimension to a specific angle.
(D) A microscope’s ability to enlarge an image of the object’s length in one direction
but not changing the actual size.

14. You wanted to view the letter “e” cut from a newspaper under the microscope. Which of
the following action makes the image of the letter “e” appears clearer?
(A) Use an oil immersion objective.
(B) Choose a bigger letter “e” from a clearer magazine print.
(C) Add an iodine solution to the letter “e” to get rid of any particulates.
(D) Add a drop of tap water over the letter “e” to act as a mounting medium.

15. At what instance will the projected size of a specimen appear bigger when seen under the
eyepiece?
(A) The lenses are so thick that the specimen appears bigger.
(B) The eyepiece when aligned with the objectives makes the specimen appears
bigger.
(C) When light passes through the lenses, it bends making the specimen appears
bigger.
(D) The mirror projects a false image through the eyepiece, thus, making the specimen
appears bigger.

Answer Key

2 2
1 4
4 3
3 1
SET A SET B 2. (Answers may vary.)
What’s More B. Objective-10x
1.A. Eyepiece- 5x
What’s New
learner’s prior knowledge)
B- Objectives
Answers depend on the
A- Eyepiece
(Answers may vary - What’s In
What’s New
LESSON 1 LESSON 1

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 HPO.
Immersion Objective instead of
2. Julia should use the Oil
X 40 =600 x (Answers may vary.)
Magnification of A Specimen = 15 What I can Do
Magnification of the Object
=Magnification of the Eyepiece X 10. Inverted 10.C
Magnification of a ̳̳Specimen 9. 40 x 9. A
X 10 =50 x 8. Magnification 8. D
Magnification of A Specimen = 5 7. Field of View 7. D
Magnification of the Object
6. Mirror 15. C 6. C
= Magnification of the Eyepiece X
5. Pencil 14. D 5. D
1. A. Magnification of a Specimen̳̳̳̳
Activity 2:Magnify Me! 4. Cover slip 13. D 4. C
50x 3. Glass slide 12. D 3. C
Magnification of a Specimen = 2. Objectives 11.C 2. D
1. Eyepiece 1. C
What’s More
What I Have Learned
LESSON 2 Lesson 2 ASSESSMENT

References

Books with Author

Asunscion, Alvie J, et. al.Science Learner’s Material. 106, 109-114 Pasig City, 2017.
Carale, Lordes R, et. al. First ed. Biology: Science and Technology Textbook for Second Year. 112-
115. Mandaluyong City.1990.
Carale, Lordes R, et. al. Revised First ed. Biology: Science and Technology Textbook for Second Year.
112-115. Mandaluyong City. 2004.
Cruz, Juanita, et. al. Science and Technology for the Modern World. 116. Makati City. 2003.
Madriaga, Estrelita A, et. al. First ed. Science and Technology II: Biology. 16 Quezon City. 1994.
Treyes, Rodulfo S. Et. al. Reprinted Second ed. Biology: Science and Technology Textbook for Second
Year. 112-115. Mandaluyong City. 2006, 2009.

Books without Author

Teaching Guide on the 2010 Secondary Education Curriculum (Science II): The UbD Way. 30- 31
Teacher Support Materials on Science and Technology II (Biology) Refocused on Environmental
Education (With Emphasis on Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park). 77- 78. Project of DepEd
Region 10 and CARE Philippines - AWESOME Project. 2004.
Modules/ Compilations
Adamos, Letecia A. et. al. Lesson Plans in Science and Technology II: Biology,
22 - 23, 29- 30
Lesson Plan in Science II: Biology. BSE-Department of Education, 25 - 31.
Website
Barran, Susan and David DisRochers. Principles of Biology 1 Lab Manual. Galileo Open Learning
Materials. Adapted from http://www.biologycorner.com.Retrieved from:
http://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Ancillary Materials/ Laboratory_
Experiment/General_Biology_Labs/BIOL_1107%3A_Principles_of_Biology_I_Lab_Manual_)B
urran_and_DisRochers)/Lab_04%3A_Microscopy (Accessed on May 29, 2020).
“Coronavirus”. Image Library. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Reviewed February
10, 2020. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/media/subtopic/ images.htm. (Accessed on
June 13, 2020).

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Hauser, Lynette. Biology 101 Labs. Provided by Tidewater Community College.Located
at:https://www.tcc.edu/. License: CC BY: Attribution. (Accessed on May 29, 2020).
“How to focus your microscope”. The Microscope. 2020. Retrieved from: https://
www.pobschools.org/cms/lib/NY01001456/Centricity/Domain/349/TheMicroscope-
howtouse.pdf. (Accessed on May 2020).
“How to use the microscope”. 2020. Microbus. Retrieved from https://microscope-
microscope.org/microscope-info/how-to-use-a-microscope/. (Accessed on May 29, 2020).
“Oil Immersion.” Lab Introduction III: Microscopy. Retrieved from:
http://www.auburn.edu/academic/classes/zy/hist0509/html/03micros.html. (Accessed on May
29, 2020).
Schroyer, Carey. BIOL 100 u2013 Survey of Biology. 2013. Provided by Open
Course Library. Located at: https://opencourselibrary.org/biol-10/. License: CCY BY:
Attribution. Retrieved from: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-
biolabs1/chapter/microscope/. (Accessed on May 29, 2020).

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