Suspension

Task No.
01
1. Dependant and Independent suspensions are the main system configuration, Describe the
type of system for each given Vehicles, showing their main component’s function (springs,
shock absorber, control arms, torsion bar, stabilizer bar and ball joints).
Audi A8 Hybrid- 2013 HYUNDAI Tucson-2015
Air, suspension MacPhersen,strut
independent suspension independent suspension
1.Rigid axle suspension (Dependent Suspension):

The rigid or beam axle links the left and right
wheels togeter win a toular or cast casing
Vioration and oscillation occur rather easilv since the movements of the left and right wheels commonly influence one
another.
2. Divide axle suspension (Independent suspension)

Independent suspension systems have each wheel attached to its own suspension unit. So if one wheel moves up
and down, it does not affect the other wheel,
• main component’s function “HYUNDAI Tucson-2015

• springs: Springs absorb motion from the tires.
• shock absorber: It works on absorbing shocks and converting the
movement energy into thermal.
• control arm : isolate noise and vibration between the road and the
body.
• Torsion bars: torsion bar resists twisting , it used to absorbing
energy
• stabilizer bar: 1-Prevents excessive body lean when turning.
2- When cornering, outside of body drops and twists the bar to limit
sway.
(-The bar’s resistance to twisting motion limits body lean in corners.)
• ball joints: allow the steering knuckles to move in different
directions while ensuring they remain attached to the vehicle.
• main component’s function “AUDI A8-2013
• air springs : can keep the vehicle at a constant standing

height regardless of load.
• control arm : isolate noise and vibration between the road
and the body.
• Torsion bars: torsion bar resists twisting , it used to absorbing
energy.
• stabilizer bar: 1-Prevents excessive body lean when turning.
2- When cornering, outside of body drops and twists the bar
to limit sway.
(-The bar’s resistance to twisting motion limits body lean in corners).
• ball joints: allow the steering knuckles to move in different directions while ensuring they
remain attached to the vehicle.
2- Construct a simple layout diagram for the “Audi A8 front suspension” and describe its
operation.
• component’s
1. Air filter
2. Air Accumulator
3. Relief valve
4. Air spring
5. Lift control valve
6. Return valve
7. Supply line
• Operation
In air suspension system, properties of air are used for cushioning effect. Enclosed pressurized air
in the drum . These are height-controlled load leveling suspension devices for changing loads
• 3. Compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of suspension systems for the given two
vehicle models “HYUNDAI Tucson-2015” and “AUDI A8-2013”.
AUDI A8-2013 HYUNDAI Tucson-2015

(Air Suspension ) (MacPherson strut)
Advantage: Advantage:
1-Adaptation to the style 1-Simple and compact

and driving conditions design, easy maintenance
2-Better handling 2-Does not require per-unit

repair
3-Easy cornering
3-Less unsprung weight
4-High comfort
4-High ruggedness
5-Reduced vibration and
vibrations of the body when
5- 5-Vertical range
driving off-road
Disadvantages:
Disadvantages:
Performance is not
1-Complex design as good as active
and
2-larg size Air Suspension systems
3-difficult maintenance
4- Evaluate the effect of semi-active suspension in “AUDI A8-2013” for vehicle safety and efficiency
Semi-active
1- Safety: It will be stable on the road and in extreme curves and will be in control at high speeds.
2. Efficiency: Saved in gasoline and divides power and loads on wheels

Task No.02
1. Understeer, Oversteer and Neutral steering are the characteristics of steering system,
distinguish between them for the given “HYUNDAI Tucson-2015”.
Understeer and oversteer are terms from car dynamics that refer to how responsive a vehicle is to
steering. Oversteer is the term used to describe when a vehicle turns more than the driver commands.
Understeer, on the other hand, is when a vehicle moves less than the driver commands.
With the engine in the front and front-wheel drive, the Hyundai Tucson has a centre of gravity that is
closest to the front of the car, making it easier for it to shift as it accelerates
2. Explain the effect of steering characteristics and vehicle center of gravity on vehicle
operation.
• Over Steer:
Over steer is defined when the slip angle of front wheel is less than the slip angle of rear wheel. This makes the
vehicle move inside the circle of steer. This isa far dangerous situation than understeer.
• Under steer: When the front slip angle is greater than that of rear, the vehicle
tends to steer in the direction of side force.
• NEUTRAL STEERING:
When a vehicle turns at a rate exactly proportional to the rate at which the steering wheel is turned,it
is the point where all the weight of the vehicle resides.
• The centre of gravity
is a theoretical focal point of the vehicle where all its components, weight and forces
act effectively It changes when any additional element is included or excluded from
the basic car
3- Describe the function and operation of traditional steering system and “Audi A8 - 2013”
Power steering system.
• Function
1. Appropriate Steering Effort:

As car speed rises, steering effort falls.
Consequently, to facilitate transportation Additionally, the steering ought to be lighter at low
speeds and heavier at higher speeds for improved road feel.
2. Manoeuvrability:
The steering system must be able to move the car's wheels forward sharply but smoothly when
it makes a curve on a winding, narrow road.
3. Smooth recovery:
The driver must maintain a firm grip on the steering wheel while the vehicle is turning.
Recovery, or the process of returning the wheels to an upright posture, should happen smoothly
after the turn is finished.
4. The least amount of shock is from the road's pavement:

The roughness of the road pavement shouldn't cause a loss of steering wheel control.
• operation of traditional steering system (rack and pinon)
1-The steering gear rack and the steering arms are connected directly by the tie rods.
2-The tie rods shift the steering arms and reposition the wheels whenever the rack moves to the right or
left.
3-The rack gear is affected by the pinion gear when the steering shaft rotates the pinion shaft, and the
pinion gear then moves sideways inside the gear housing.
4-Tie rods join the two extremities of the rack to the steering knuckles (steering arms).
• operation of Power steering system
• The engine's hydraulic system and power steering pump are typically used to help with steering. The
higher the engine speed, the higher the pump pressure will be, and vice versa.
• The oil is then sent under high pressure from the compressor to a valve, where it is directed to a
cylinder that turns the wheels to the left and right.
4- Justify the use of power-assisted steering in terms of purpose, function, and operation
• reduces the amount of steering effort required to turn the steering wheel, making it easier for
the car to turn or navigate at low speeds and assisting drivers to steer the car.
• Minimizing physical exertion required to spin the wheels when the car is stopped or going slowly
This means that even if the power steering system fails, manual effort alone can still be used to
steer the car.

Suspension

Uploaded by

Suspension

Uploaded by

Task No.

Audi A8 Hybrid- 2013 HYUNDAI Tucson-2015

Air, suspension MacPhersen,strut

independent suspension independent suspension

1.Rigid axle suspension (Dependent Suspension):

2. Divide axle suspension (Independent suspension)

• main component’s function “HYUNDAI Tucson-2015

• main component’s function “AUDI A8-2013

• air springs : can keep the vehicle at a constant standing

AUDI A8-2013 HYUNDAI Tucson-2015

1-Adaptation to the style 1-Simple and compact

2-Better handling 2-Does not require per-unit

2. Efficiency: Saved in gasoline and divides power and loads on wheels

• The centre of gravity

1. Appropriate Steering Effort:

4. The least amount of shock is from the road's pavement:

• operation of traditional steering system (rack and pinon)

• operation of Power steering system

You might also like